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Topic: London Underground steam locomotives

	London (England) - Search View - ninemsn Encarta
		London has one of the most extensive urban railway systems in the world; in addition to the Underground railway, there is a network of suburban railways covering London and the surrounding region.
		London is also the home of the British Academy, which promotes historical, philosophical, and philological studies; the Royal Academy (of fine arts); the Royal Academy of Engineering; and the Royal Society, devoted to the encouragement of the sciences.
		London’s prosperity was temporarily affected by the Black Death of 1348-1349, a bubonic plague epidemic that killed up to one third of the entire population.
	au.encarta.msn.com /text_761574117__1/London_(England).html (8065 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		In partnership with the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS), the LNER was co-owner of the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway, the UK's biggest joint railway system, much of which competed with the LNER's own lines.
		The public face of a railway system was and is in large part the locomotives and rolling stock in service upon it, and therefore the personalities of the Chief Mechanical Engineers of the LNER impressed their distinctive visions upon the railway.
		Locomotives of the London and North Eastern Railway
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=London_and_North_Eastern_Railway (1026 words)

	London (England) - MSN Encarta
		Post-war London enjoyed a brief Indian summer, and in the 1960s the metropolis basked in a reputation as “swinging London”, thanks to its associations with the world of pop, fashion, film, and youth culture.
		The ending of the empire and the decline in the significance of the Commonwealth undermined traditional imports and exports and, with freight containerization, London’s docks closed and moved downriver to Tilbury.
		London’s world position depends heavily upon the continuing success of its financial sector, but the uneasy relations between Britain and the European Union threaten to put that in doubt.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761574117_4/London_(England).html (2899 words)

	Compte-rendu London Transport Museum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Yet locomotion inside London was limited by one major obstacle: the river Thames acted as a natural barrier.
		Thus in 1899, the creation of an underground railway came as the solution to overcome the need to connect the north and the south of London.
		With the important growth of London’s population in 19th century, the town center became too congested for transport on land.
	web.univ-pau.fr /ANGLAIS/Voyage98/CRDucasseMoulin.html (974 words)

	Underground and Overhead Lines
		"Drive the goods underground, do away with the street lorries, and let the people have the benefit of clearer streets." The line was built to connect with every great warehouse; this also runs along the basements of the skyscrapers, and brings them the coal for their furnaces and takes away their refuse.
		The uniform fare on the Underground is twenty-five pfennigs.
		The underground railway at Sydney, Australia, is not of any very great extent, having been recently built merely as a relief to the suburban traffic of the main-line railways; it was then, for convenience, carried underground through the centre of the city.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r018.html (2569 words)

	Dreams of Steam
		The steam is routed to the appropriate end of the cylinder by valves actuated by the motion of the piston.
		Steam was fed in under the piston from a separate boiler and was condensed by a jet of cold water which was forced inside the cylinder.
		The pressure of this steam raised a piston fitting in the cylinder, and after it was raised, the source of heat was removed from the bottom of the cylinder.
	www.moah.org /exhibits/archives/steam.html (8145 words)

	London railways
		But for a further period (indeed beyond the end of steam on British Railways) some steam locomotives remained, and until the 1930s some passenger services were still worked by steam on the Metropolitan line (the Metropolitan Railway had ambitions to be a Mainline railway).
		Watters, A.S. The steam locomotives of the Metropolitan Railway—II.
		Webb, D.R. The steam locomotives of the Metropolitan Railway.
	www.steamindex.com /locotype/londloco.htm (2725 words)

	Growth of London's Transport
		Not only is London one of the largest cities in the world, but it is also one of the greatest railway centres, and the first capital to be served by a public railway.
		The underground line was laid on the mixed gauge, and the Metropolitan was able to borrow the necessary equipment from the Great Northern and London and North Western Railways until its own was ready.
		The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway was at the time using the South Eastern's Cannon Street as an auxiliary terminus, and this station was served also by the London and North Western Railway, while both the Great Western and the North Western used Victoria.
	mikes.railhistory.railfan.net /r054.html (3157 words)

	History
		The first such line was the City and South London Railway which ran for 5.2 km (3.25 miles) from King William Street in the City under the Thames to Stockwell.
		The earliest surface trains were hauled by steam locomotives fitted with special equipment which condensed much of the spent steam back into water.
		Steam locomotive-hauled trains were obviously out of the question on the deep-level tube lines and the early trains on these lines were hauled by electric locomotives.
	www.uni-duesseldorf.de /WWW/fjks/klassen/London/History.htm (1421 words)

	Steam_locomotives (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		A superb collection of images of preserved steam locomotives in action on main line duties in the 1990s and into the new millennium.
		Locomotives of British Railways, Jarrold, 1980, pp32, 59 illustrations (53 colour) and a map.
		Steam nostalgia from the 50s with sections on: Crewe to Shap Summit, the Woodhead Route, Rails in the Peak District, Hampshire and Dorset, East Coast Showcase, Rural Cheshire and Derbyshire, Berkshire and Devon, Beattock and the Clyde Valley, and Steam Finale on the Glasgow-Aberdeen Route.
	users.aol.com /gbsteven/Steam_Locomotives.htm (2509 words)

	London Underground History - Disused Stations on London's Underground
		Since moving to live near London a few years ago, one of my interests has been the London Underground, the oldest and one of the busiest underground railway networks in the world.
		Since the majority of the stations that closed in central London were abandoned after 1930, a map of the railways as they existed in 1929, that's been annotated to show which Underground stations have closed or changed their name since that time is available.
		These underground railways started out as extensions of some of the existing outlying railways and were initially served by steam locomotives and so many places were required where steam could be safely vented.
	underground-history.co.uk /front.php (3167 words)

	City Mayors: London Underground and Tube
		London Underground Ltd is a company under the control of a public authority, Transport for London (TfL).
		In 1933, the London Passenger Transport Board was created to oversee all public transport in the capital and in 1948 this was officially nationalised as the London Transport Executive, a division of the British Transport Commission which also controlled airports, docks, railways and road freight.
		Similarly, the East London Line extensions to connect Hackney in the North with Croydon in the South, while bringing the tube network to neglected areas of London, also suffered from delays due to financial considerations.
	citymayors.com /transport/london_underground.html (2950 words)

	Casebook: Jack the Ripper - The Birth of London's Underground
		The steam locomotives of both the Metropolitan and the District railways were expressions of a single design -- the 4-4-0Ts built by Beyer, Peacock & Company.
		All the locomotives built from 1871 (44 in all) were still in 1905 when electrification was accomplished.
		In one particular they were different for the period, in that they were fitted with condensing gear, which gave the driver a means of diverting exhaust steam from the chimney outlet into the water tanks, where the exhaust condensed, leaving the tunnels more or less clear of smoke and vapour.
	www.casebook.org /victorian_london/tubes.html (2583 words)

	Steam and Speed: Industry, Transport and Communications
		Steam-hauled and built on the cut and cover principle beneath the streets, this was the start of a rapidly expanding network which, by the 1880s, served much of central London and its financial heartland in the City, connected most of the major railway termini and was increasingly serving the expanding suburbs via conventional overground connections.
		Although the public railway and the application of steam power to transport were pre-Victorian concepts, the widespread development of local, national and international railway networks was a Victorian phenomenon.
		A further Act of 1879 permitted the use of steam locomotives, with the result that by the end of the 1880s over 50 systems nationwide were using over 500 steam trams.
	www.fathom.com /course/10701037/session4.html (2510 words)

	Steam - BR and beyond-
		Over this short period of time, Britain saw the end of regular steam hauled trains as well as the forming of the first of the societies who were to preserve a cross-section of locomotives, rolling stock and branch lines for future generations to enjoy.
		With steam traction departing from the Midland and Northern regions first, many classes of locomotives were to disappear without any examples being preserved, particularly in the goods and mixed traffic areas.
		Of course locomotives are not much use for pulling trains when there are no lines to run them on, so a number of preservation societies started negotiating to buy up sections of branch lines which were either closed, or on the point of closure.
	www.hurstmereclose.freeserve.co.uk /html/steam_-_br_and_beyond-.html (1469 words)

	BBC - h2g2 - Steam Locomotives
		However, a steam locomotive must never be called a steam ENGINE either, for although they have several likenesses, steam locomotives possess the power to move themselves, whereas steam engines are often stationary, and used for raising water from mines or wells.
		Believe it or not, Steam trains were used in the early days of the London Underground, on the Metropolitan Line, and every year there is (was) an event known as Steam on the Met.
		Unfortunately, Steam locomotives are no longer used on the mainline, except in miniature form on the RHDR or Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway.
	www.bbc.co.uk /dna/h2g2/A1152794 (581 words)

	London Underground: Trains and Drains
		Recent controversy over the financing and management of the London Underground is trivial compared with some of the episodes and personalities found in its early history.
		An early attempt to build an underground railway from the Great Northern railway terminus at Kings Cross to Farringdon, in the city of London, was frustrated when Leopold Redpath, an officer of the Great Northern, stole the £170,000 set aside for the project.
		Underground to Everywhere places this unanswered question in its historical context as, in the twenty-first century, the Underground turns in a new direction, once again headed by an American under the direction of London's first elected mayor.
	www.bcuc.ac.uk /halliday/underground.htm (1144 words)

	London Underground - TVA Network - #1 civil engineering site
		The whole history of the underground transport began on an early Saturday morning under the streets of London.
		Since the subway initially was served by steam locomotives, there were many places required were the steam could be vented safely.
		And London isn't the only city with a subway system; after the succes of London major cities like New York, Paris and Boston began constructing their own subways.
	tva.netfirms.com /subway.shtml (750 words)

	Other Forms of Victorian Transport & Communication - Victoria and Albert Museum
		The first passenger-carrying underground railway was opened in London between Paddington and Farringdon on 10 January 1863.
		For railways, the ever more efficient steam locomotive remained the dominant source of power, while the bulk of the bus network still relied on horse power.
		Steam and electric power were also applied successfully to cars, but the leaders in this field were French and American manufacturers.
	www.vam.ac.uk /collections/periods_styles/19thcentury/steam/other_transport/index.html (2586 words)

	Historical Societies - World
		Mainline Steam Trust: A volunteer-staffed organization devoted to the restoration and operation of mainline steam locomotives in New Zealand.
		Steam Incorporated: A Society dedicated to re-creating the New Zealand railway scene of the 1940/60 period and main line operation with steam, diesel and cars of the period.
		London Underground Railway Society: Exists to study all aspects of London's underground railways - past, present and future.
	www.cwrr.com /nmra/Societyb-World.html (1396 words)

	London Underground History - Cut and Cover Disused Stations
		There are four lines on the Underground that were mostly created using the Cut and Cover technique (excluding the Circle Line): District, East London, Hammersmith and City and the Metropolitan lines.
		When the District line electrified, the LSWR continued to operate steam locomotives with the result that the line from Grove Road to Addison Road was never electrified.
		The trains that served these lines were especially built with condensers to minimise the amount of steam emitted, but steam and smoke coudn't be completely eliminated.
	underground-history.co.uk /cutncover.php (1995 words)

	CHTL - More Preserved Underground Trains
		Note not all the locomotives and cars described on this page are accessible to the public The London Transport Museum and the LU Heritage Fleet In the 1970s a small collection of buses, trams and rail vehicles from London were placed on display at Syon Park in West London.
		Other items of rolling stock are in the London Underground Heritage Fleet and stored at other LU depots, these vehicles are not normally accessible to the public.
		The Bluebell Railway, in Sussex, preserves the atmosphere, steam locomotives, rolling stock, and infrastructure of the steam age of the Southern Railway and its constituents, with steam trains operating with vintage coaches every weekend throughout the year, daily during the summer and during other school holiday periods.
	www.cravensheritagetrains.co.uk /preserved.htm (2678 words)

	CHTL - More Preserved Underground Trains
		Note not all the locomotives and cars described on this page are accessible to the public The London Transport Museum and the LU Heritage Fleet In the 1970s a small collection of buses, trams and rail vehicles from London were placed on display at Syon Park in West London.
		Other items of rolling stock are in the London Underground Heritage Fleet and stored at other LU depots, these vehicles are not normally accessible to the public.
		The steam engines were used to pump effluent to the filtration and settlement tanks.
	www.simon5596.supanet.com /preserved.htm (2232 words)

	Steamtown NHS: Special History Study
		The two surviving Sheridan plant locomotives featured fl paint with white lettering and symbol, and today Lavino No. 3 at Steamtown may have the same paint and lettering it had when acquired by Steamtown in May 1966, though the lettering on Locomotive No. 10 was in yellow, not white.
		Furthermore, because the locomotive appears to have its last paint and lettering scheme for E.J. Lavino and Company preserved intact, this study leans toward carefully cleaning the locomotive and stripping any rust, but otherwise not repainting the locomotive unless that is required for preservation, and instead preserving its existing paint scheme.
		This locomotive may offer an opportunity to preserve a locomotive as it was at the time it left the railroad industry rather than applying fresh new paint and lettering, however accurately.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/steamtown/shs2g.htm (4960 words)

	London Tours » Guide Turistiche › Prenota Eventi a Londra - Museo Victoria & Albert - Cambio della Guardia
		London Boat Show Fri, 06 Jan 2006 - Sun, 15 Jan 2006 The London Boat Show is an established exhibition of the latest in design and innovation from a variety of marine suppliers an manufacturers from around the world.
		London Transport Museum:Framed by ornate cast-iron pillars and a dramatic glass, London's Transport Museum's colourful buses, trams and trains make a journey back for children and grown ups of a nostalgic nature for any event.
		London Zoo: London Zoo spans 36 acres and is home to over 650 species of animals as well as beautiful gardens, fine art, and the banqueting suites are at the heart of the zoo providing an ideal setting for a wide range of events from dinner dances to weddings.
	www.londontourguides.com /italian/simona.php (8466 words)

	London Underground steam locomotives - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Initially, services on the Metropolitan Railway were operated by the GWR who built a special type of locomotives, the Metropolitan Class, to operate through the tunnels.
		From 1864, the various London Underground railway companies bought steam locomotives of their own.
		Metropolitan Railway Departmental Steam Locomotives 0-6-0ST, 0-6-0T and 0-4-2ST
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/London_Underground_steam_locomotives (302 words)

	Steam 8 Anecdotes
		Their main function and reason for construction was to be used on the London underground.
		The theory was; when the engine travelled on the underground, the driver would pull a lever to send all the exhaust steam back into the engine water tank, thereby eliminating steam being exhausted into the tunnels.
		This function became a problem making steam, as there was no exhaust to draught on the fire, so the blower had to be used.
	www.eclipsehistory.org.uk /steam8.htm (3634 words)

	Category:London Underground trains - Wikimedia Commons
		All current passenger trains on London Underground are electric multiple units that run on 630 volts dc supplied by two current rails, known as the third and fourth rails.
		Previously electric locomotives and even steam locomotives were used.
		The trains come in two sizes the larger trains are built to the mainline loading gauge and run on the older sub-surface lines.
	commons.wikimedia.org /wiki/Category:London_Underground_trains (126 words)

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