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Topic: Long Walk of the Navajo

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	Long Walk of the Navajo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Long Walk of the Navajo, also called the Long Walk to Bosque Redondo, was an Indian removal effort of the United States government in 1863 and 1864.
		Under the leadership of the new commander of Fort Defiance, William T. Brooks, the Navajo and the U.S. Army began a destructive cycle of raids and counter-raids culminating in the near-sacking of Fort Defiance by about 1,000 Navajo warriors under the leadership of Manuelito and Barboncito on April 30, 1860.
		Some Navajo managed to escape the Walk, variously surviving in the territory of the Chiricahua Apache, the Grand Canyon, on Navajo Mountain and in Utah.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Long_Walk_of_the_Navajo (631 words)

	Navajo Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Navajo Wars were fought during the nineteenth century between the U.S. military and many western tribes.
		As was often the case, the U.S. military fought the Navajos and Apaches largely for their lands.
		Without food or shelter to sustain them through the winter, over 3,000 Navajos surrendered and made what is called "the long walk of the Navajos" to the reservation at Fort Sumner.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Navajo_Wars (277 words)

	Navajo Long Walk Trail H.R. 1384
		The story of the Long Walk came at a time in U.S. history when the military was called upon to remove Indian people from their homelands.
		The Long Walk Trail is located within a corridor that includes National Park System units at Canyon de Chelly National Monument in Arizona and Fort Union National Monument in New Mexico and Bureau of Land Management (BLM) managed lands in New Mexico including El Malapais National Conservation Area and Kasha-Katuwe Tent Rocks National Monument.
		The story of the Long Walk is being told in a number of ways through the efforts of the State of New Mexico and the Navajo Nation.
	www.nps.gov /legal/testimony/107th/longwalk.htm (945 words)

	The Navajo Long Walk to the Bosque Redondo
		Further, the Bonneville Treaty of 1858 reduced the extent of Navajo land, and the relatively pro-Navajo local U.S. Army leader and Indian agent was reassigned to West Point.
		Under the leadership of the new commander of Fort Defiance, William T. Brooks, the Navajo and the U.S. Army began a destructive cycle of raids and counter-raids culminating in the near-sacking of Fort Defiance by approximately 1,000 Navajo warriors under the leadership of Manuelito and Barboncito on April 30, 1860.
		The plan was to turn the Apache and Navajo into farmers on the Bosque Redondo with irrigation from the Pecos River.
	www.legendsofamerica.com /NA-NavajoLongWalk.html (1031 words)

	navajo
		Unlike the Apaches, however, the Navajos, because of contact with the Pueblo Indians and the Spanish, experienced a revolution in life-style and economy.
		Navajos claimed that a soldier had cut their horse’s bridle rein, but the soldier-judges refused to run the race again; the Indians rioted and were fired upon with howitzers.
		Their solution to the persistent marauding of both Apaches and Navajos was the removal of the Indians from the areas of extensive Mexican and Anglo-American settlement along the valleys and trails.
	www.emayzine.com /lectures/navajo.htm (1614 words)

	Notes On Navajo History - Native American Holocaust Museum
		An Indian who resided in the Province of Navajo for over a year arrived in Taos with a story of Navajo loss of crops." It was further reported that the Navajos, who numbered more than 2000, were at war with the Utes, that they held many slaves, and on occasion, visited the Jemez Indians.
		The new superintendent of Fort Sumner, A. Norton, pronounced the soil unfit for cultivation of grain because of the presence of alkali.
		It was said that their ancestors were on the Long Walk with their daughter, who was pregnant and about to give birth.
	nahm.org /NotesNavajoHistory.html (4025 words)

	Navajo Long Walk Trail H.R. 1384
		The proposed trail would cover a series of routes approximately 350 to 400 miles long over which members of the Navajo Nation were marched by the U.S. Army beginning in 1863 after they were forced to leave their traditional homes in northeastern Arizona and northwestern New Mexico.
		The story of the Navajo Long Walk came at a time in U.S. history when the military was called upon to solve a problem of a clash between cultures.
		Broken and dispirited after their defeat in their homeland, the Long Walk was particularly grueling and hard on all of the Navajo people, even those who survived.
	www.nps.gov /legal/testimony/107th/navlonwk.htm (986 words)

	Teach Kids History: Native American- Powhatan
		When the Navajo people began to disrespect the traditional teachings, and progressive leaders who did not follow the old ways came to power, this brought illness, suffering and pain upon the Navajo people.
		When the Navajo refused to move to Fort Sumner, Carson began a merciless campaign of terror, destroying the crops, killing the livestock, and even murdering the people.
		The Mescalero, an enemy of the Navajo, was brought to the reservation as well, and fighting ensued between the two groups.
	www.teachkidshistory.com /native-american/long-walk.shtml (324 words)

	untitled
		To aid in the healing process for these people, and to pay homage to their ancestors, who were the victims of the Long Walk, I have introduced legislation to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to study the suitability of designating, as historic trails, parts of the Long Walk routes in Arizona and New Mexico.
		The Long Walk National Historic Trail will be a visual reminder of the courage of those Navajos and Mescalero Apaches who were force marched to the Bosque Redondo, and of the commitment they made to the preservation of their culture and identity.
		The Navajo Nation urges Congress to add appropriations authorization language to the bill so that the Navajo Nation and the National Park Service are able to conduct the necessary research, consultation, and maintenance of the Long Walk Trail.
	www.buffalosoldier.net /CommemoratingtheNavajo'sLongWalk,U.S.RepresentativeTomUdall.htm (3124 words)

	1868 Althabah & the Navajo Long Walk
		Kit Carson who was hired by the Army to bring the Navajos in went to the stronghold, Canyon De Chelly and in that maze of canyons the Navajo People hid raising their livestock, corn and fruit trees.
		Since she was small, she walked alongside the wagons and during this time some of those who walked did not make it.
		It was during this time she saw a light come to the eyes of the people and they began to sing old songs and walk with sore feet and hunger found them with spirit in their bodies and did not stop them.
	www.rustywire.com /Starmtn/shina.html (1059 words)

	Bosque Redondo
		It is readily apparent that Navajo in the eastern part of their homeland were more often targeted for removal, while those in the western part often escaped the Army's attention (Johnson 1973:xi).
		One of the less-recognized factors contributing to policies culminating in the Long Walk was Anglo enthusiasm for and interest in potential mineral wealth.
		The oral history fragments of Long Walk events revolve around three major themes: the death of those who were forcibly removed, the travails of those that survived the removal, and the forcible servitude of those that were captured and sold along the way.
	members.tripod.com /~bloodhound/longwalk.htm (10495 words)

	Independent - June 6, 2005: So the world will know; Memorial honors 'Long Walk'
		The Bosque Redondo Memorial officially opened Saturday in Fort Sumner, N.M. The memorial is a monument to those Navajos who were forced to make "The Long Walk" in 1863, when the government forced-marched about 10,000 to walk 400 miles to face 5 years of interment.
		Called "Hweeldi" by the Diné, it was the end of the journey for thousands of Navajos who survived three forced marches of 300-400 miles from 1863-1866 from their homeland in northwestern New Mexico and northeast Arizona, along with their Apache cousins from the mountains of southwestern New Mexico.
		Benally said the most impressive part was when Sen. Pete Domenici, R-N.M., was interrupted by a girl in native dress carrying the beige and rainbow Navajo Nation flag as a scout for a woman whose was covered from head to toe with a wool blanket obscuring her face crying about the disharmony of what happened.
	www.gallupindependent.com /2005/june/060605longwalk.html (971 words)

	The Navajo Long Walk Revisited (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In 1863, Colonel Edward Canby decided the only way to end the hostilities was to crush the Navajos with a large army and force the tribe to relocate to a reservation far from its homeland.
		The Navajos, or Diné as they call themselves, occupy the land; the Department of the Interior protects the resources, cultural and natural.
		A Navajo is selling his jewelry when I drop in, and I meet other artisans, selling everything from sand paintings to necklaces, at the various turn-offs along the spectacular drive.
	www.truewestmagazine.com /renegade-roads/rroads-travel-0403.htm (1791 words)

	AMAsearchdetail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The invasion of Navajo lands by American forces in the New Mexico Territory began in 1860 and lasted until 1864.
		Colonel Kit Carson ordered the destruction of all Navajo property—including the burning of their peach groves, and other crops, and the slaughtering of their livestock—in order to starve them into submission.
		Eight thousand Navajo embarked on the "long walk," which may be considered the historical equivalent of the now infamous Cherokee Trail of Tears.
	www.fofweb.com /onfiles/ama/amasearchdetail.asp?recordpin=4181 (191 words)

	Independent - June 17, 2006: Spiritual Perspectives; Why do I Walk
		I walk in the hope that my Navajo brothers and sisters would find it in their hearts, if wounds remain, to forgive the sins of my people...
		I walk in the hope we could join in prayer that the Navajo people would have healing and freedom from the diseases of despair such as alcoholism, poverty, domestic violence, child abuse, depression and suicide...
		I walk in the hope that many Navajo people will see that Jesus is the yucca soap of God that washes away the charcoal of my soul...
	www.gallupindependent.com /2006/jun/061706spwlk.html (339 words)

	Welcome to News From Indian Country (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		More than 140 years after the infamous Long Walk of the Navajo people and their imprisonment on the Bosque Redondo Reservation, the State of New Mexico has established a memorial that recognizes the human tragedy that occurred here.
		Cisneros continued, “Hundreds of the Navajo people died when they were rounded up by the U.S. Army and forced to march from their Four Corners homeland, across most of New Mexico, to Fort Sumner.
		The memorial was conceived in 1967 by planners of the 100th anniversary of the Treaty of June 1, 1868, that freed the Navajo and established the Navajo Nation of today.
	www.indiancountrynews.com /fullstory.cfm?ID=224 (977 words)

	The Long Walk to Bosque Redondo
		A Navajo Diaspora: The Long Walk to HWÉELDI By Neal W. Ackerly, Ph.D. http://members.tripod.com/~bloodhound/longwalk.htm
		Oral history stories of the Long Walk = Hwéeldi Baa Hané / by the Diné of the Eastern Region of the Navajo Reservation ; stories collected and recorded by the Title VII Bilingual Staff, Lake Valley Navajo School.
		Navajo roundup; selected correspondence of Kit Carson's expedition against the Navajo, 1863-1865, by Lawrence C. Kelly.
	jeff.scott.tripod.com /redondo.html (205 words)

	[No title]
		The history of the confrontations between the Navajo and the U.S. army leading to the Long Walk of 1864 and the imprisonment of Navajo people is discussed in detail.
		Subjects include the arrival of the white man, the Long Walk period, relocation, treaties with the U.S. government and the government’s interference in the family and education of the Navajo.
		She then summarizes the Navajo way of life, ceremonies, and the coming of the white man and its effect on the Navajo way of life.
	eduscapes.com /students/vachon2.doc (3406 words)

	Cline Library - Indigenous Voices of the Colorado Plateau - Navajo Leaders
		He was living with this family when, in 1864, he was forced by the United States Government, along with thousands of other Navajos to walk over 300 miles to Bosque Redondo, near Ft. Sumner, New Mexico from their homelands in what is now northeastern Arizona.
		In 1868 the Navajo were finally allowed to return to their ancestral homes.
		She became the first woman to be elected to the Navajo Tribal Council.
	nau.edu /cline/speccoll/exhibits/indigenous_voices/navajo/leaders.html (1446 words)

	Cline Library - Indigenous Voices of the Colorado Plateau - Navajo Leaders
		Hoskininni and his band of Navajo resisted the efforts of the United States military to round up all Navajo and force them to march hundreds of miles east, to Bosque Redondo/Fort Sumner, New Mexico (known as "The Long Walk").
		He married the daughter of Narbona, a prominent Navajo peace leader, at the age of sixteen.
		In 1988 he was re-elected, accepting the position of the President of the Navajo Nation under the newly reorganized government structure.
	www.nau.edu /cline/speccoll/exhibits/indigenous_voices/navajo/leaders.html (1446 words)

	The Long Walk Trail Of The Navajos
		At the beginning of 1863, the Navajos, a diverse, widely scattered and profoundly spiritual people had lived for centuries in the arid region bounded by the San Francisco Peaks in north central Arizona, the Hesperus Peak in southwestern Colorado, Mount Blanca in south central Colorado and Mount Taylor in northwestern New Mexico.
		The Long Walk Trail began at Fort Defiance, a concentration camp located in northeast Arizona at the mouth of Canyon Bonito (meaning, ironically, "Pretty Canyon"), at an elevation of more than 6800 feet, in the heart of the Dinetah.
		Carleton’s soldiers marched the Navajos eastward, not as a single column of refugees all at once, but rather as more than 50 fragmented caravans of the damned over a period of nearly three and one half years, from August of 1863 to December of 1866.
	www.desertusa.com /mag03/trails/trails09.html (4989 words)

	Navajo Long Walk - 978 More Details Page at Four Winds Indian Books
		Description: In 1864, the Navajo Indians were forced by the U. Cavalry to leave their ancestral home in Arizona for a government internment camp nearly 300 miles away in New Mexico.
		This is the story of Kee, a young boy who traveled this long, arduous route with his mother, grandmother, sister and what few domestic animals they could bring.
		Finally, the day comes when the Navajo are able to return to their original home.
	www.fourwindsindianbooks.com /detail.asp?product_id=978 (166 words)

	Bosque Redondo
		The Long Walk and Imprisonment at Bosque Redondo
		The forced "Long Walk" of the Navajo people from Chanyon de Chelly to their prison camp in New Mexico is one of the most tragic events in all of Indian-White relations.
		This removal of the Navajo is sometimes compared to the Cherokee Trail of Tears.
	www.meredith.edu /nativeam/bosque_redondo.htm (205 words)

	English Gratis, imparare l'inglese senza spendere! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Il programma prevedeva il trasferimento dei Navajo dalle loro terre native, che in lingua navajo erano chiamate dinetah.
		I Navajo coltivavano prodotti agricoli sulla fertile superficie dei canyon, compreso il Canyon de Chelly, patria dell'antica popolazione degli Anasazi.
		Alcuni Navajo riuscirono a sfuggire al Lungo Cammino sopravvivendo variamente nel territorio degli Apache Chiricahua, nel Gran Canyon, sulla Montagna Navajo e in Utah.
	www.englishgratis.com /longwalknavajos.htm (1505 words)

	ESPN.com - OTL: Long Walk: Navajo ways
		Four months removed from Pearl Harbor, after decades of trying to suppress the peoples' language, the U.S. government decided that the Navajo tongue was its secret weapon in preserving freedom and the American Way.
		No, Notah may not have grown up among the Navajo, but the blood of a grandfather who died before they ever met is unmistakably there, says the father, now 58.
		The father remembers waking in the dark at 4 o'clock each morning as a teenager, to feed his father's race horses -- some of the finest thoroughbreds in the state.
	espn.go.com /otl/americans/begay2.html (619 words)

	Canku Ota - Apr. 21, 2001 - Udall bill would remember the Long Walk
		Shortly after the Civil War, about 8,000 Navajos were forced to march from Canyon de Chelly in Arizona to Fort Sumner in eastern New Mexico, where they were imprisoned.
		It is estimated that more than 3,000 Navajos died during the four-year episode which is known as the Long Walk.
		This could provide a positive economic boost to communities that are near the Long Walk trail route, Loveland said.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues01/Co04212001/CO_04212001_Udall.htm (359 words)

	Guidon Books - Native American Indian Books
		The struggle between the Navajo and Hopi tribes with the federal government as referee, is more than fight for land; it is a fight for cultural survival.
		The only book on Navajo pottery for the general interest reader and collectgor - contemporary potters are introduced with photographs of their work.
		While presenting 74 dazzling color plates of Navajo rugs and wall hangings woven between 1971 and 1996, representing the work of sixty native weavers, Hedlund discusses the development of textile collecting, a history of Navajo weaving and themes of the blankets.
	www.guidon.com /indian.html (10886 words)

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