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Topic: Long Walls

	Above-ground masonry walls - Oldhouseweb.com
		The bulging of the whole wall is usually due to thermal or moisture expansion of the walls outer surface, or to contraction of the inner withe.
		When wall bulges occur in solid masonry walls, the walls may be insufficiently tied to the structure or their mortar may have lost its bond strength.
		Parapet walls often exhibit signs of distress and deterioration due to their full exposure to the weather, the splashing of water from the roof, differential movement, the lack of restraint by vertical loads or horizontal bracing, and the lack of adequate expansion joints.
	www.oldhouseweb.com /stories/Detailed/12164.shtml (2335 words)

	Anastasian Long Walls images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Similar modelling techniques have been applied to the study of the Anastasian Long Wall, the late Roman linear fortification which ran for some 56 km from the Black Sea to the Sea of Marmara, an outer defence system for the city of Constantinople.
		Close-up of the wall and towers south of Dervis Kapi
		Crow, J. and Ricci, A. "Investigating the hinterland of Constantinople: interim report on the Anastasian Long Wall".
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /alacami/LongWalls/longwall.htm (167 words)

	Long walls
		The Athenian "Long Walls" were built after Xerxes' invasion of Greece (480-479); their construction was proposed by Themistocles, but the actual building started in 461, when Athens was at war with Sparta (the First Peloponnesian War).
		The western wall connected the southwest of Athens with its port Piraeus and was about six kilometer long; the eastern wall continued from the south of the city to another port, Phaleron, which was about 5½ kilometer away.
		The walls were finished in 457, although later, Pericles took the initiative for doubling the western wall (445-443).
	www.livius.org /lo-lt/long_walls/long_walls.html (412 words)

	Plural-section pitch pan - Patent 4635409
		A small hole 42 is provided in the wall 36 adjacent the free end of that wall; and that hole is spaced from the bottom of that wall the same distance by which the holes 26 are spaced from the bottom of the wall 22.
		A small hole 60 is provided in that wall close to the free end of that wall; and that hole is spaced from the bottom of that wall the same distance by which the holes 26 are spaced from the bottom of wall 22 of section 20, as shown in FIG.
		Those sections will be maintained with their walls in lapping arrangement by a fastener 210 which passes through the small holes 156 and 183, respectively, in the walls 152 and 182; and also by the fastener 212 which passes through the small holes 176 and 208.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4635409.html (6552 words)

	[No title]
		Shear walls not at the edge of a diaphragm or within the diaphragm borders can also be used by employing light gage strap ties nailed to the shear wall and extending into and nailed to the diaphragm framing.
		In equalizing the length of shear walls on all sides of a building, it is important to remember that the difference in stiffness in long and short walls is not directly proportional to the lengths of the walls.
		If a shear wall is available adjacent to or in line with the garage door opening, it may be used to stabilize the garage and must be constructed as a conventional shear wall with earthquake loads transferred to the wall by continuous top plates or other collector or drag strut members.
	www.fema.gov /plan/prevent/earthquake/txt/fema-232-home-3.txt (3334 words)

	Long Walls
		The Long Walls generally refers to the walls connecting Athens to its port at Piraeus which were constructed in the mid 5th century BC, destroyed by the Spartans in 404 BC after Athens' defeat in the Peloponnesian War, and rebuilt again with Persian support during the Corinthian War.
		The first walls at Athens were built shortly following the end of the Persian Wars, during which the city had been burned by the Persians prior to the battle at Salamis.
		In this war, the Athenians were able to protect and supply their city behind the long walls, but made the mistake of marching out to face a Spartan army that was ravaging the fields of Attica, and were defeated in battle.
	www.mlahanas.de /Greeks/LX/LongWalls.html (1224 words)

	Dog transportation box - Patent 5524573
		A dog transportation device comprised of a rigid plastic container having a bottom wall with a periphery extending upwards from the bottom wall to define a hollow interior and with the periphery formed of a pair of end walls with a pair of long walls extended therebetween.
		Each long wall has a bottom edge connected to the bottom wall, a top edge, a pair of opposed side edges extended therebetween, and a plurality of elongated rectangular slots formed thereon at a location adjacent to the top edge thereof.
		The periphery is formed of a pair of opposed vertical planar end walls 20 with a pair of opposed vertical planar rectangular long walls 22 extended therebetween.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5524573.html (3173 words)

	Long Walls 2000
		A total of 2.3 hectares was surveyed with the magnetometer, with the Wall line, ditch and counterscarp appearing as distinctive features along with a significant number of other anomalies which will require further examination.
		Due to forestry clearance in 2000 we were able to extend this survey to the outer (north) side of the Wall.
		A number of new observations were made through a close study of the structure, in particular regarding the organisation and function of the channel openings in the north and south walls.
	www.byzantium.ac.uk /fieldwork/reports/longwalls_2000.htm (873 words)

	Long Walls - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eurocucina: long walls of tall cabinets with glitzy finishes, appliance modules and retro designs were among the hottest trends at the recent Eurocucina Italian Furniture Fair.(International Trends)
		Monumental wall dating from the Ming period, 45,5 m long and 8 m high.
		Long daggers of icicles decorate the ridge wall from which Split Bow Arch was formed.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/X/X-longwall.asp (276 words)

	Bookselling This Week: Inside the Walls of The Glass Castle
		Walls' memoir follows her family's chaotic life from the 1960s through the early 1990s as they meander through Arizona, Nevada, California, a "vile hamlet" in West Virginia, and, ultimately, New York City.
		Walls recalls how she picked Venus and felt sorry for kids who just got "a bunch of cheap plastic toys." Her father told them, "Years from now, when all the junk they got is broken and long forgotten, you'll still have your stars."
		Walls was working as a reporter, covering Manhattan's movers and shakers, which she still does, and was concerned what they would think.
	www.news.bookweb.org /features/3428.html (1027 words)

	Insulated Concrete Walls: Earthquake Safety
		Long walls are stronger than short walls, and solid walls are better than ones with a lot of openings for windows and doors.
		Frequently, the shear walls were strong enough, but the connection to the foundation was a weak point that gave way.
		Masonry or concrete walls not reinforced with steel bars were not ductile enough to be effective shear walls.
	www.icwalls.com /earthquake-safety.php (605 words)

	Masonry Magazine: Retaining Walls
		The moisture that permeated through these walls each winter caused severe damage to the stucco and paint resulting in the walls becoming fl with mold, the stucco to crumble, and the paint to flake off.
		The owners selected a long length of retaining walling — an area considered a worse case scenario — as a test case and used sand blasting equipment to remove all the paint and much of the damaged stucco.
		Then both the top and the bottom halves of the retaining wall were painted with the same exterior-quality, white latex paint that the community had been using for years.
	www.masonrymagazine.com /9-03/wallsb2.html (492 words)

	Long retaining wall ? - Trains.com Forums
		Some retaining walls are L shaped with the foot of the L behind the vertical body of the wall held down by the weight of back-filled earth.
		This may be a pathway along the wall top or just behind it plus a fixed steel ladder down or a fix steel ladder up from the side of the track.
		While the wall may be owned by and the responsibility of the RR it may also form its boundary...
	www.trains.com /TRC/CS/forums/916314/ShowPost.aspx (3462 words)

	Moment Frame & Shear Wall engineering - How to reinforce long shear walls?
		In a smaller shear wall, for example, 0.25x2.00 or 0.25x3.00, my code (Portugal) proposes that we consider two virtual columns with the following dimensions b x H2=min (2b; H/10) being b the widht and H the height, and that you concentrate the longitudinal reinforcement for the major bending in this virtual columns.
		Generally squat walls act in shear and you have to consider the diagonal compression struts in the wall and reinforce these to stablise them.
		Tall walls act flexurally and you reinforce them similar to a beam plus reinforce the central portion so shear can be transferred across any construction joint and into the foundations.
	www.eng-tips.com /viewthread.cfm?qid=44914 (2254 words)

	Long Walls — Infoplease.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Eurocucina: long walls of tall cabinets with glitzy finishes, appliance modules and retro designs were among the hottest trends at......
		Enhanced enclosures: dual-wall facades, long common in Europe, are finding application in a few U.S. projects, but the concept still......
		It's long been the unofficial address of capitalism, but Wall Street's status as the power center is slipping fast.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/history/A0915711.html (273 words)

	Conwell: Why Did the Athenians Build a Third Long Wall?
		The first two Long Walls were in place by the end of 458, and a third was built by 431.
		Proponents of this view suggest either that the Athenians regarded the long stretch of unprotected coastline between the first two walls as too vulnerable or that these structures were too widely spaced to be defended adequately with the available manpower.
		This testimony states that the Middle Wall served as a backup ensuring Athens' connection to the sea in case an enemy successfully stormed either one of the original two walls.
	www.camws.org /meeting/2004/abstracts2004/conwell.html (535 words)

	Ceramic Tile - Do it yourself Tile Walls
		The most common types of supporting material for walls are masonry, concrete, drywall, and open wood and steel framing.
		This allows the installer to float the walls, described later, and know that there would be no need to cut tiles on at least two walls.
		However, use a square between the back and sidewall float strips to insure that the two walls are square to one another.
	www.thetiledoctor.com /installations/walls.cfm (3057 words)

	The Battle of Adobe Walls - Texas State Library
		Adobe Walls was the name of a trading post in the Texas Panhandle, just north of the Canadian River.
		In the 19th century, the ruins of the old adobe fort at Adobe Walls were a familiar landmark to white and Mexican traders who ventured into Comanche country.
		Thirty-four years after the Battle of Adobe Walls, the long war between whites and Indians for control of Texas was already passing from daily reality into myth.
	www.tsl.state.tx.us /exhibits/indian/showdown/page2.html (772 words)

	Title page for ETD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The effect of door and window openings on long timber framed shear walls was the subject of this thesis.
		Four different wall configurations containing various openings and one control wall with no openings were tested to examine ultimate load capacity and stiffness.
		All walls were forty feet in length and contained tie-down anchorage at the extreme ends of the wall only.
	scholar.lib.vt.edu /theses/public/etd-282213242971820/etd-title.html (351 words)

	Short walls in: Waltz - Dance Forums
		One thing I realized is that while I have a lot of ideas for long walls, I don't have much habitually ready to throw at short ones, probably at least in part due to narrow or obstructed practice floors.
		My long walls are starting to have that kind of flow, but I realize I'm often just tossing together random figures to cross the short side.
		We generally have to "start" a competition dance along a long wall, becasue it is just darn difficult to get those move done along a short wall with two immediate turns (on the short wall).
	www.dance-forums.com /showthread.php?t=6812 (568 words)

	James Louis Walls (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The name Walls has long since gained notoriety for being the first Houston Fire Fighter killed while working on an ambulance.
		Walls was driving Ambulance 51 through the intersection of Chimney Rock and Westheimer when he was hit broadside by a passenger vehicle.
		The accident investigation revealed that the size of the van proved to be a contributing factor in the death of James Walls.
	www.houstonfirememorial.org /LOD/Walls_James.htm (118 words)

	Commercial Retaining Walls: Long® Fence
		LONGÂ® FENCE segmented retaining wall systems are a permanent, attractive, preferred alternative to ordinary types of retaining walls.
		Our inter-locking walls are installed without mortar and do not require concrete footings.
		Segmented retaining walls offer unlimited design freedom to complement any environment and because they are made of concrete they are virtually maintenance free.
	www.longfence.com /html/commercial/retainingWalls.cfm (63 words)

	"CREATIVE SOLUTION TO DISPLAYING ART" by BERYN HAMMIL
		Museums and art galleries deal with this by having walls that are intentionally neutral in color so the viewer sees the art without the distraction of the decor.
		Let's start by using the length and height of the wall as a strength rather than a weakness because a long, high wall is a perfect place to display art.
		The wall color should be either neutral or dramatic, and the fabric and wall colors should complement each other.
	www.bhammil.com /chron1004.htm (789 words)

	Water Supply of Constantinople
		Outside the city the archaeological reminders of this achievement survive in the forests of Thrace as impressive aqueducts and collapsed water channels.
		Within the walls over a hundred Byzantine cisterns have been identified, including three giant open-air reservoirs, attesting to the scale of the endeavour.
		Fieldwork undertaken as part of the Anastasian Wall Project, which commenced in 1994, has recognised the great complexity and chronological diversity of these hydraulic works in the hills of central Thrace.
	museums.ncl.ac.uk /long_walls/WaterSupply.htm (582 words)

	Top Stories
		This capped wall might be only at the front of unpretentious houses, but others would have such a wall around the house and associated buildings.
		The long walls running between roads and fields would be better built than the other field walls but not as good as those around dwellings.
		Although all walls require repairs, there are many very old walls on West Road; At Wilbor House of the Historical Society, in front of Friends Meeting House and the house north of it, and in front of the farm house at Walker's Stand.
	www.eastbayri.com /story/355980085017348.php (1139 words)

	Narrow focus on Long Walls - mining, conveyor replacement - Australian export - Australian Trade Commission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Every underground coal mine in the world should have a long wall system mining for maximum efficiency and is where Central Queensland Mackaybased Longwall Associates Australia has found its niche.
		Our competitors make all of the parts, however we concentrate on manufacturing just the face conveyor which is generally purchased as a replacement when the old one wears out," Mr Van Iersel said.
		In Australia there are just 28 long wall mines, the United States has 52 and China has over 1,300.
	www.austrade.gov.au /corporate/layout/0,,0_S1-1_1z1b-2_-3_PWB110468426-4_-5_-6_-7_,00.html (470 words)

	Chinese Architecture: City Walls, Xian (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Now shrouded in smog, the walls of Xian once gave the defenders of Chang'an ample warning against enemy attack.
		First built in the Tang dynasty (618-907), the 14 mile long walls were repaired in the Ming dynasty.
		The roughly quadrilateral walls were pierced by three gates on each side, twelve in all, that divided the city into an implicit nine-square grid, the Chinese ideal since ancient times.
	www.orientalarchitecture.com /xian/XIANCITYWALLS.htm (86 words)

	Amazon.com: The Walls of Constantinople AD 324-1453 (Fortress): Books: Stephen Turnbull,Peter Dennis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The walls of Constantinople are the greatest surviving example of European medieval military architecture in the world.
		However, the walls that surrounded the Byzantine capital of Constantinople were probably unique in that they were virtually impregnable for over a millennia, with only one failure in 1204.
		In the chapter entitled "The walls of Constantinople under siege" we meet many of the forces that tried at one time or another to conquer the city and bring it under their control.
	www.amazon.com /Walls-Constantinople-AD-324-1453-Fortress/dp/184176759X (1753 words)

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