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Topic: Long shore drift

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	Coastal Features - MSN Encarta
		Because of refraction, waves commonly approach the coast with their crests closely paralleling the line of the shore, although the actual plan shape of the wave will depend on the contours of the seabed close to the shore.
		Surging breakers are formed from long, low waves and remain relatively unbroken as the wave slides up and down a steep beach or cliff face.
		If refraction is not complete and the wave approaches the shore at an angle, it will be able to move beach material along the shore due to the development of longshore currents.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_781532717/Coastal_Features.html (1398 words)

	Longshore drift - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The effect of this is determined by factors such as the direction and fetch of the present wind and, in the long term, of the prevailing wind.
		Longshore drift is one of the principal processes in the construction of spits, bars and tombolos, and in the overall sustainability of beach deposits.
		The part of the shore in the "shadow" of the groyne, downstream from it, is sheltered by having the waves broken by the structure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longshore_drift (788 words)

	Lect6 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This gradual diminution of the energy is reflected in the gradual diminution of the depth of the water toward shore (a slightly tilted wave base).
		This means water swishes up on shore and energy is ether dissipated by wave erosion and a wave cut cliff or the wave energy is dissipated moving sand grains.
		The waves never achieve coming perfectly parallel to the shore edge, so they have a component of force in some direction along the shore and this creates the long shore drift or current that moves sand laterally.
	tigger.uic.edu /~rdemar/geol107/lect6.htm (1611 words)

	Longshore Drift
		This process is called longshore drift and is generated by wave and current action.
		The net effect of sediment moving southward causes the north end of barrier islands in the southeastern United States to erode and the south end to accrete (Keener-Chavis, P. and Sautter, L, 2000).
		The action of southerly-directed longshore currents, wave refraction, and tidal currents, large reservoirs of sand in the form of sand bars tend to drift downward and inward toward the upper parts of islands that are south of coastal inlets.
	www.cofc.edu /CGOInquiry/longshoredrift.htm (314 words)

	Longshore Drift: World of Earth Science
		Longshore drift is the transport of sand along a beach by waves impinging or breaking at an angle to the beach.
		Longshore drift occurs when a wave breaks, lifts sand into suspension, and then throws a pulse of sand-bearing water (swash) up the slope of the beach.
		Longshore drift is one of the few processes that can transport sand for long distances along a slope at a fixed altitude.
	science.enotes.com /earth-science/longshore-drift (307 words)

	longshore current and beach drift
		As long as the waves hit the shoreline “straight on” (i.e., the wave crests are parallel to the shoreline), the sand grains will be picked up and redeposited in the same general area.
		The net movement of sediment in Figure 2 is to the south because the waves are hitting the shore from the north.
		Sediment transported by beach drift as well as that moved by longshore current together are called littoral transport.
	faculty.gvsu.edu /videticp/longshore.htm (540 words)

	Kids.Net.Au - Encyclopedia > Long-shore drift (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Long-shore drift is a term used to describe a form of coastal erosion in which waves approach the beach at an angle.
		The waves effectively carry sand and shingle up the beach at an angle in a particular direction, and this material is then subsequently or later pulled vertically down the beach by backwash and gravity.
		A common form of resolution of this problem is the introduction of groynes[?], a type of man-made (usually wooden) salient, that are inserted into the beach at intervals and which cause the drifting material to bank up against them and thus reduce or mitigate the effects of long-shore drift.
	www.kids.net.au /encyclopedia-wiki/lo/Long-shore_drift (155 words)

	ITOPF - Spill Response - Dispersants
		Regardless of the method used, the droplet size of the dispersant is important as it needs to be sufficiently large to overcome the effects of wind and evaporative loss but not so large that it will result in the droplets being able to pierce through the oil slick.
		Shores subjected to strong wave action are often cleaned naturally and they should not be sprayed unless the oil has to be removed immediately.
		In shallow waters close to the shore, where water exchange is poor, higher concentrations may persist for long periods and may give rise to adverse effects.
	www.itopf.com /spill-response/clean-up-and-response/dispersants (2347 words)

	Clackacraft - How To Row A Drift Boat
		Although rowing is not difficult, the untutored oarsman will often react by moving the drift boat in the desired direction down river, which is the exact opposite of the correct response.
		The general principle to keep in mind is to point the bow of the drift boat to the danger, and row back away from it.
		Have long length of rope on hand to tie the boat up or to yard the boat through the rapids from shore.
	www.clacka.com /rowingDriftBoat.htm (2294 words)

	Beach Nourishment - Coastal Geology
		Beach erosion control structures can be categorized generally in three groups (Sorenson 1997) (a) structures that are attached and are perpendicular to the shoreline, (b) structures that are parallel to the shoreline and are offset seaward from the shore and (c) structures that are parallel to the shoreline and located on the visible beach.
		At first, a groin field interrupts the longshore movement of sand in the littoral zone, but when a well-designed groin field fills to capacity with sand, longshore transport resumes at about the same rate as before the groins were built, and a stable beach is maintained (CSC 1997).
		Numerical models are used to simulate cross shore and long shore transport, as discussed in "Cross-Shore and Longshore Transport Models of Large Scale Geologic Processes." Physical models are constructed in a laboratory setting at scale that is much less than that of the actual site, but are still very helpful.
	www.csc.noaa.gov /beachnourishment/html/geo/shorelin.htm (2437 words)

	Lake Erie & Lake Erie Fishing - Fishing Erie Pennsylvania fly fishing tying bass fishing rod reel salmon trout ...
		Drifting for walleye on a calm July evening as the sun sets over the lake is a memorable experience.
		There is also some walleye fishing during the days both closer to shore (in the 30 to 40 foot depth range) and further offshore in the trenches and at the mountain.
		The resident walleye are the fish that are caught in the spring and early summer at night or closer to shore.
	www.fishusa.com /FishErie/lake.asp (6233 words)

	[No title]
		FORESHORE The part of the shore, lying between the crest of the seaward berm (or upper limit of wave wash at high tide) and the ordinary low-water mark, that is ordinarily traversed by the uprush and backrush of the waves as the tides rise and fall.
		PILE A long, heavy timber or section of concrete or metal that is driven or jetted into the earth or seabed to serve as a support or protection.
		SHORE TERRACE A terrace made along a COAST by the action of waves and shore currents; it may become dry land by the uplifting of the shore or the lowering of the water.
	www.fema.gov /txt/fhm/frm_cfd414.txt (22333 words)

	Longshore drift (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In physical geography longshore drift (LSD) refers to a process by sediments move along a beach shoreline.
		The process arises when waves approach the shore obliquely (which in is determined by factors such as prevailing wind and fetch).
		Longshore drift is one of the processes in the construction of spits bars and tombolos and the overall sustainability of beach
	www.freeglossary.com /Longshore_transport (326 words)

	Drift Card Questions and Answers
		In contrast, our drift cards are made of thin pieces of wood, coated with a non-toxic paint, and are specially designed to biodegrade within a few months in the marine environment.
		Drift cards are inexpensive devices that allow us to do a small study over a broad range of environmental conditions and over a fairly long period of time.
		No one (that we are aware of) has studied drift cards to see how they compare with floating pollutants or debris, such as Styrofoam cups, driftwood, paper, etc. One thing we can compare is the density of our drift cards with the density of some oil products.
	archive.orr.noaa.gov /driftcard/driftFAQ.html (1028 words)

	Beach Erosion Web Page
		The parts of the shore that extend into the water are more vigorously attacked than the shoreline of inlets or bays.
		Most of the waves arrive at an angle to the shore and set up a long shore current moving the littoral drift in a series of zigzags as the wave fronts advances and retreats.
		Brining sand in form somewhere else can combat the destructive effects of long shore drift, this is known as beach nourishment or replenishment.
	nhs.needham.k12.ma.us /cur/environment/Envir98_99/p1/ARS_P1/ars_p1/BEACHE~1.HTM (1280 words)

	Coastal Terminology
		It may be formed by a single spit growing from shore and then turning back to again meet the shore, or by two spits growing from the shore and uniting to form a bar of sharply cuspate form.
		A shore with long, narrow channels, implying that subsidence of the coast has transformed the lower portions of river valleys into tidal estuaries.
		The part of the shore, lying between the crest of the seaward berm (or upper limit of wave wash at high tide) and the ordinary low-water mark, that is ordinarily traversed by the uprush and backrush of the waves as the tides rise and fall.
	www.flowmeterdirectory.com /coastal_terminology.html (11947 words)

	SHORELINE PROCESSES AND THE EVOLUTION OF COASTAL LANDFORMS
		Along the shores of oceans and lakes waves break against the land building it up in some places (depositing sediments) and tearing it down in others (eroding).
		Typically develops when the sediment being carried by long-shore drift is deposited where water becomes deeper, such as the mouth of a bay.
		A delta is a thick accumulation of sediments at the mouth of a river.
	www.tulane.edu /~geol113/COASTAL-PROCESSES-1a.htm (1009 words)

	Bathymetry of Lake Erie and Lake Saint Clair
		It coincides with a zone of convergence of net longshore drift, the position of which is a consequence of predominant patterns of large-scale wind-driven lake water circulation set up by the overall shape of the Lake basin and predominant wind fields.
		Away from the shore zone the three basins are broadly bowl-shaped, with depths extending smoothly from near shore down to the greater depths.
		The southern shore bordering the Eastern Erie Basin is straighter than the northern shore and is relatively free of coves and inlets.
	www.ngdc.noaa.gov /mgg/greatlakes/lakeerie_cdrom/html/e_gmorph.htm (3606 words)

	Oceans
		Surface Ocean currents are result of drift of the upper 50 to 100 m of the ocean due to drag by wind.
		This results in the swash of the incoming wave moving the sand up the beach in a direction perpendicular to the incoming wave crests and the backwash moving the sand down the beach perpendicular to the shoreline.
		They grow parallel to the coast by beach drift and longshore drift, and they are eroded by storm surges that often cut them into smaller islands.
	www.tulane.edu /~sanelson/geol111/oceans.htm (2346 words)

	Physical oceanography Summary
		When waves reach the shore they approach it almost straight on, so that the wave front is nearly parallel to the shore as it breaks.
		Long, linear islands parallel to the shore are common along the Atlantic coast.
		The Gulf Stream, together with its northern extension, North Atlantic Drift, is a powerful, warm, and swift Atlantic ocean current that originates in the Gulf of Mexico, exits through the Strait of Florida, and follows the eastern coastlines of the United States and Newfoundland to the northeast before crossing the Atlantic Ocean.
	www.bookrags.com /Physical_oceanography (4912 words)

	Long Beach Expert - Long Shore Drift Affecting Formation Of Beach
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	www.longbeachexpert.com /long_shore_drift_affecting_formation_of_beach_help.html (768 words)

	Malibu Makos Surf Camp
		It is caused by large swells sweeping into the shoreline at an angle and pushing water down the length of the beach in one direction.
		Also, notice on the diagram that at a given point on the beach, the sediment that has moved down shore is replaced by sediment from further up shore, as long as sediment is available there.
		Always check with the lifeguard on-duty before you enter the ocean to consider the direction and strength of the long-shore current and the possible hazards you may be swept into.
	www.malibumakos.com /_main/index.cfm?page=api/oceansafety/longshorecurrent.cfm (770 words)

	Longshore Drift: World of Earth Science
		Longshore drift is the transport of sand along a beach by waves impinging or breaking at an angle to the beach.
		Longshore drift occurs when a wave breaks, lifts sand into suspension, and then throws a pulse of sand-bearing water (swash) up the slope of the beach.
		Longshore drift is one of the few processes that can transport sand for long distances along a slope at a fixed altitude.
	www.enotes.com /earth-science/longshore-drift (337 words)

	Net Shore-Drift in Washington State
		Littoral drift, or shore drift, is the process by which beach sediment is moved along the shoreline.
		Drift cells were digitized as a single point, the point being the end of the drift cell with the largest measure on the underlying shoreline route.
		Placement: For consistency, the drift cell points were located as close as possible to the beginning and end of the drift cell arrows on the paper maps.
	www.ecy.wa.gov /services/gis/data/shore/driftcells.htm (1519 words)

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