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Topic: Long thoracic nerve

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Peripheral nervous system

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	Long thoracic nerve - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		It usually arises by three roots from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerves; but the root from the seventh nerve may be absent.
		The roots from the fifth and sixth nerves pierce the Scalenus medius, while that from the seventh passes in front of the muscle.
		The nerve descends behind the brachial plexus and the axillary vessels, resting on the outer surface of the Serratus anterior.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Long_thoracic_nerve (362 words)

	IX. Neurology. 6b. The Anterior Divisions. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		At the root of the neck it is crossed by the thoracic duct; in the superior mediastinal cavity it lies between the left common carotid and left subclavian arteries, and crosses superficial to the vagus on the left side of the arch of the aorta.
		818) arises from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and its fibers are derived from the fifth and sixth cervical nerves.
		The branches of the ulnar nerve are: articular to the elbow-joint, muscular, palmar cutaneous, dorsal, and volar.
	www.bartleby.com /107/210.html (5780 words)

	NERVE - LoveToKnow Article on NERVE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The nerve is attached to the spinal cord by two roots, of which the ventral is purely efferent or motor and the dorsal purely afferent or sensory.
		The genito-crural nerve (L. I, 2) is partly anterior (ventral) and partly posterior (dorsal).
		The anterior tibial nerve is chiefly muscular, innervating the muscles in front of the tibia and fibula as well as the extensor brevis digitorum pedis on the dorsum of the foot, though it gives one small cutaneous branch to the cleft between the first and second toes.
	www.1911ency.org /N/NE/NERVE.htm (4960 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Peripheral nervous system
		The long thoracic nerve arises from C5, C6 and C7 to innervate the serratus anterior.
		The suprascapular nerve is an early branch of the superior trunk.
		The radial nerve, which innervates the triceps brachii muscle, the brachioradialis muscle, the extensor muscles of the fingers and wrist (extensor carpi radialis muscle), and the extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Peripheral_nervous_system (986 words)

	EXTERNAL - Online Information article about EXTERNAL (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I) which often joins the intercosto-humeral or lateral cutaneous branch of the second intercostal nerve to supply the skin on the inner side of the upper arm, and the internal anterior thoracic nerve (C. 8, Th.
		The spinal nerves which are distributed to the lower limbs first intercommunicate in the lumbar and sacral plexuses, which, with the perineal nerves, are sometimes spoken of together as the lumbo sacral plexus.
		The external cutaneous nerve (L.2, 3) supplies the skin of the outer side of the thigh, while the anterior crural (L.2, 3, 4) innervates the muscles on the front of the thigh, the skin on the front and inner From A. Paterson, in Cunningham's Text-Book of Anatomy.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /EUD_FAT/EXTERNAL.html (3269 words)

	Home Page
		Weakness or paralysis of the serratus anterior, secondary to palsy of the long thoracic nerve, is the commonest cause of winging.
		Nerve conduction studies and electromyography are usually undertaken to confirm the diagnosis of long thoracic nerve injury.
		As early as 1913, Skillern proposed that the long thoracic nerve is vulnerable to trauma as "it traverses the scalenius medius”.
	freespace.virgin.net /steven.fromm (14065 words)

	Clinical Case - Axilla & Arm
		In the process of performing the mastectomy, the surgeon probably damaged the long thoracic nerve, which is particularly vulnerable due to its location on the superficial side of the serratus anterior as it proceeds down the thoracic wall.
		The affected nerve is a branch in the region of the brachial plexus.
		The long thoracic nerve is formed by the confluence of branches from nerve roots C5-7, which later form the superior and middle trunks of the brachial plexus.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/limbs/axilla_case.html (753 words)

	Medicine and Science in Tennis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Long thoracic nerve lesions may be caused by acute or repetitive microtraumatic injuries.
		These two motions could easily double the length of the segment of the long thoracic nerve between its proximal fixation joint (the scalenius medius) and its distal fixation joint (the superior border of the serratus anterior).
		Hester recently suggested that one cause of long thoracic nerve injury could be 'bow-stringing' of the nerve across a tight fascial band arising from the inferior aspect of the plexus brachial and extending to the proximal aspect of the serratus anterior.
	www.stms.nl /june2001/artikel28.htm (847 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		From the medial cord, dissect the medial pectoral, medial brachial cutaneous, medial antebrachial cutaneous, ulnar nerves, and the medial root of the median nerve.
		The terminal branches of the posterior cord are the radial and axillary nerves.
		The triangular space, medial to the long head of the triceps, is the gap between the teres major inferiorly, and subscapularis and teres minor superiorly.
	www.umanitoba.ca /faculties/medicine/units/anatomy/dis3.html (1352 words)

	Long Thoracic Nerve: Anatomy and Functional Assessment -- Bertelli and Ghizoni 87 (5): 993 -- Journal of Bone and Joint ...
		clarify the anatomy of the long thoracic nerve and to propose
		of the long thoracic nerve to the upper portion of the serratus
		The upper division of the long thoracic nerve
	www.ejbjs.org /cgi/content/abstract/87/5/993 (423 words)

	Repetitive stimulation of the long thoracic nerve in myasthenia gravis: clinical and electrophysiological correlations ...
		Repetitive stimulation of the long thoracic nerve in myasthenia gravis: clinical and electrophysiological correlations -- Lo et al.
		Repetitive stimulation of the long thoracic nerve in myasthenia gravis: clinical and electrophysiological correlations
		Repetitive nerve stimulation of the anconeus in the assessment of neuromuscular transmission disorders.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/74/3/379 (1256 words)

	AAPM&R - Case No. 51, cont
		The long thoracic nerve is derived from the anterior divisions of the C5, C6, and C7 roots shortly after they exit the neuroforamina.
		The nerve then descends dorsal to the brachial plexus and the first part of the axillary artery to the lower border of the serratus anterior, where it is superficial and susceptible to local trauma.
		The prognosis for long thoracic nerve palsy is generally good, with a recovery period of 6 months to 2 years, averaging nine months.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/emg0105e.htm (618 words)

	Long thoracic nerve/winged scapula research
		It is rare for this nerve to be injured occupationally or for it to become entrapped.
		The condition is caused by an intense inflammation of the affected nerves.
		The rewiring job that the new nerve fibers that sprout form the injury site do isn't perfect, but in the case of a crude, unccordinated muscle like the serratus anterior, this is not important.
	www.medhelp.org /forums/neuro/archive/177.html (724 words)

	[No title]
		The current manifestations of the palsy of the right long thoracic nerve are complaints of pain, and weakness of the right shoulder due to winging of the right scapula on extremes of abduction, without limitation of motion or other neurologic deficits.
		The diagnoses were palsy of the right long thoracic nerve, and no significant orthopedic pathology of the cervical or lumbar spines.
		There is no showing that the palsy of the right long thoracic nerve has caused marked interference with employment or necessitated frequent periods of hospitalization.
	www.va.gov /vetapp/files2/9414582.txt (2093 words)

	Rahul Kumar Nath, MD ^ Long Thoracic Nerve, Winging Scapula Injury, Winging Scapula Surgery, Serratus Anterior Injury, ...
		Winging of the scapula due to long thoracic nerve palsy is a common diagnosis and should be treated as a significant functional problem.
		The nerve itself is small in diameter and fragile- appearing, in contrast to the relatively robust adjacent nerves of the brachial plexus.
		The anatomic basis for long thoracic nerve injury by the middle scalene was first described by Skillern in 1913: "the long thoracic nerve is exposed to trauma as it traverses the scalenius medius".
	www.drnathwingingscapula.com /injury/index.php (551 words)

	Long thoracic nerve vs
		Your nerves are built somewhat like a piece of wire, an insulating outer layer (myelin) and a bunch of small wires on the inside (axons).
		Sensory responses for the ulnar nerve were moderately reduced in amplitude and median responses were markedly reduced in amplitude.
		In some instances however, nerve irritation during the test can cause an inflammation around it, especially if the nerve is already irritated because of the damage to it.
	www.teleemg.com /old_web/faq/yarl/neck_and_arm5.htm (3844 words)

	UpToDate: Patient Information Site
		— The long thoracic nerve arises from the fifth, sixth, and seventh cervical nerve roots.
		Injury to this nerve typically occurs from a direct blow or from compression; it is common among army recruits carrying heavy packs or may result from injury during a first rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome [1].
		The scapular rhythm also is disrupted, and the scapula may draw away from the thoracic cage; this is often referred to as winging of the scapula [3].
	patients.uptodate.com /print.asp?print=true&file=neuropat/10910 (442 words)

	Gray's Anatomy of the Human Body - The Anterior Divisions - Yahoo! Education (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		It arises from the second and third cervical nerves, winds around the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus, and, after perforating the deep fascia, ascends upon that muscle beneath the Platysma to the parotid gland, where it divides into an anterior and a posterior branch.
		The ascending branches (rami superiores) pass upward to the submaxillary region, and form a plexus with the cervical branch of the facial nerve beneath the Platysma; others pierce that muscle, and are distributed to the skin of the upper and front part of the neck.
		From the right nerve, one or two filaments pass to join in a small phrenic ganglion with phrenic branches of the celiac plexus; and branches from this ganglion are distributed to the falciform and coronary ligaments of the liver, the suprarenal gland, inferior vena cava, and right atrium.
	messenger.yahooligans.com /reference/gray/subjects/subject?id=210 (5724 words)

	AAPM&R - EMG Case No. 74, cont
		The more common causes of an isolated long thoracic nerve injury are related to high velocity activities such as a fall, motor vehicle accidents, overhead throwing activities and abrupt de-acceleration movements.
		A long thoracic nerve lesion producing serratus anterior weakness produces winging of the medial border of the scapula, medial displacement, mild medial rotation of the inferior angle, and slight elevation of the superior border of the scapula with shoulder forward flexion.
		A lesion to the spinal accessory nerve affecting the trapezius, results in elevation of the superomedial border of the scapula, lateral displacement and medial rotation of the inferior angle of the scapula with shoulder abduction.
	www.aapmr.org /education/emgcases/emg7405e.htm (1138 words)

	Compressive Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus and Long Thoracic Nerve* : A Rare Complication of Heparin Anticoagulation ...
		Compressive Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus and Long Thoracic Nerve* : A Rare Complication of Heparin Anticoagulation -- Elesber et al.
		and long thoracic nerve palsy secondary to compression from a
		the axillary sheath with secondary compression of the nerves
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/1/309 (1566 words)

	Long Thoracic Nerve - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		Long Thoracic Nerve - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- long thoracic nerve is derived from ventral rami of C5, C6, and C7 - close to their emergence from intervertebral foramina;
		- may occur from long thoracic nerve injury or from spinal accessory nerve injury (which deinnervates the trapezius);
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/long_thoracic_nerve (84 words)

	Winging scapula and Long Thoracic Nerve
		one is caused by the long thoracic nerve and paralysis of serratus anterior - upward and outward movement of the scapula is caused by activation of SA ie pushing against a wall
		Nerve conduction studies are unreliable and difficult on proximal nerves in the arm.
		although the diagnosis of long thoracic nerve is very easy,but you cannot do anything for the patient,i think that this is due to the delay arrive of the patient
	www.medhelp.org /forums/neuro/messages/33597.html (401 words)

	Netanya Sandler's Muscle Charts
		base of skull, the spines of all cervical and thoracic vertebrae to the clavicle, inner edge of the acromion;
		long head from the infraglenoid tubercle; medial and lateral heads from the back of the humerus on either side of spiral groove; all three heads attach to the olecranon of the ulna
		spines of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae, the lumbar and sacral fascia to floor of the bicipital groove of the
	www.bcm.edu /ms1/muscles.html (1776 words)

	Compressive Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus and Long Thoracic Nerve - ) CHEST - FindArticles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Compressive Neuropathy of the Brachial Plexus and Long Thoracic Nerve -)
		We present a case of a 69-year-old woman who developed brachial plexopathy and long thoracic nerve palsy secondary to compression from a hematoma while receiving heparin therapy for the treatment of a stroke.
		This is the first report of a patient with long thoracic nerve palsy with a brachial plexopathy complicating anticoagulation.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0984/is_1_120/ai_76994084 (386 words)

	Long thoracic nerve: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Long thoracic nerve: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic
		The long thoracic nerve supplies motor innervation to the serratus anterior muscle.
		Palsy of this nerve causes winging of the scapula scapula quick summary:
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/long_thoracic_nerve.htm (62 words)

	British 'Firsts'
		The British have a long history of inventiveness and exploration and often strive to become the 'first' to achieve something.
		He made the first chronometers that were accurate enough to allow the precise determination of longitude at sea, and so permit reliable (and safe) navigation over long distances.
		He gave his name to Bell's palsy, an extracranial paralysis of the facial nerve, and to the long thoracic nerve of Bell, which supplies a muscle in the chest wall.
	www.fatbadgers.co.uk /Britain/firsts.htm (6864 words)

	Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute - Winging Scapula Injury
		The Texas Nerve and Paralysis Institute specializes in winging scapula injury due to long thoracic nerve palsy.
		Winging scapula occurs when the nerve that holds the shoulder blade down becomes damaged, leaving that area to hang free like a wing.
		Risk factors for winging scapula injury include a history of vigorous athletic maneuvers with the affected extremity, lifting of heavy weights and direct external pressure on the area, such as that which occurs during deep massage.
	www.texasnerveinstitute.com /wingingscapula (148 words)

	Nerve Injury About the Shoulder in Athletes, Part 2: Long Thoracic Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Burners/Stingers, ...
		Nerve Injury About the Shoulder in Athletes, Part 2: Long Thoracic Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Burners/Stingers, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome -- Safran 32 (4): 1063 -- American Journal of Sports Medicine
		Nerve injuries about the shoulder in athletes are being recognized
		nerve, burners and stingers, and thoracic outlet syndrome.
	ajsm.highwire.org /cgi/content/abstract/32/4/1063 (259 words)

	No Known Forum on Long Thoracic Nerve injury - BrainTalk Communities (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		I found your forum on Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and have found it useful and wonderfull to know I was not the only one with this problem..I had my surgery and was doing fine until a car accident started new problems esp with my LTN.
		Mine has been proven by EMG's but the research Ive done outside the forum shows it to be a huge problem regardless of how its injured etc...Perhaps a forum on Long Thoracic Nerve Injury and Winging Scapula would be of great benefit for the people at braintalk..thanks for taking the time to read my post.
		I have been trying to gather all the info on LTN or long thoracic nerve damage from outside of braintalk..my winging scapula thread on the Thoracic Outlet Forum has attracted many others as having the same problem as I do with little info out there about this devastating problem and how to treat it.
	brain.hastypastry.net /forums/showthread.php?t=63041 (546 words)

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