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	Longitude Prize - Headed.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The longitude prize was a prize offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for the precise determination of a ship's longitude.
		With support from the Board of Longitude set up to administer the prize, he started in 1730 to build several marine chronometers, finally succeeding in 1761 with a determination of better than half a degree.
		However, the board refused to believe that longitude could be determined without astronomical measures, first awarding only half the prize and then dragging the process out with more demands for evidence and several copies of the clocks.
	www.headed.org /encyclopedia/Longitude_prize (391 words)

	Longitude prize - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The longitude prize was a prize offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for the precise determination of a ship's longitude.
		With support from the Board of Longitude set up to administer the prize, he started in 1730 to build several spring-driven clocks, finally succeeding in 1761 with a determination of better than half a degree.
		A film adaptation of Longitude was released by AandE in 1999, starring Michael Gambon as Harrison and Jeremy Irons as Rupert Gould.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longitude_prize (408 words)

	Longitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Longitude is given as an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and −180° westward.
		Ecliptic longitude is measured from 0° to 360° eastward (the direction that the Sun appears to move relative to the stars) along the ecliptic from the vernal equinox.
		Ecliptic longitude relative to a moving equinox is used whenever the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, or stars at dates other than that of a fixed equinox is important, as in calendars, astrology, or celestial mechanics.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Longitude (1854 words)

	Board of Longitude - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Board of Longitude was a British Government body formed in 1714 to solve the problem of finding longitude at sea.
		Even though many tried their hand at winning the prize, for decades none were able to come up with an efficient, practical and relatively economical solution to the problem.
		Harrison, who believed that his chronometers were accurate enough to win the prize, set out to revolutionize his invention, with an improvement so dramatic that even the board (which he believed was politically motivated against him) could no longer deny him the prize.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Board_of_Longitude (514 words)

	Feynman Grand Prize Page 1 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Funds for the $250,000 Feynman Grand Prize have been donated to Foresight Institute by individuals interested in advancing the progress of nanotechnology, and are being conservatively invested.
		It specified a prize of £20,000 (equivalent to about $2.5 million in today's funds) for the person who devised a reliable means for a ship captain to establish his longitude within half a degree of great circle (30 nautical miles at the equator).
		The motor prize was claimed in 1960 by an engineer who found a way to construct a very small motor using conventional mechanical techniques.
	www.foresight.org /GrandPrize.1.html (2048 words)

	Eco - Papers: "The Longitude Problem" by Dava Sobel
		The longitude problem, or, as Eco more poetically terms it, "the mystery of the longitude," embroils Roberto in international espionage and launches him on his fateful voyage.
		Long voyages waxed longer for not knowing longitude, as a captain might search weeks for the island where he hoped to find fresh water, or even the continent that was his destination.
		To apply the Powder to the longitude problem, a wounded dog was to be put aboard a departing ship, and a trusted individual was left ashore to dip a bit of the dog's discarded bandage into Sympathy solution every day at a prearranged hour.
	www.themodernword.com /eco/eco_longitude.html (1097 words)

	ipedia.com: Longitude Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Longitude is given as an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to plus or minus 180°.
		Thus a fully qualified longitude may be expressed thus; 23° 27.5' E A specific longitude may then be combined with a specific latitude to give a precise position on the Earth's surface.
		Longitude may be determined by calculating the time difference between the location a person is in and Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).
	www.ipedia.com /longitude.html (481 words)

	John Harrison and the Longitude problem : Online features : What's on : National Maritime Museum
		Although the performance of H4 during its second sea trial was three times better than the two minutes accuracy required to win the longitude prize, the Board of Longitude remained unconvinced.
		They stated that half of the prize money would be paid once Harrison had disclosed the workings of H4 to a specially-appointed committee.
		The Board of Longitude was asked to consider H5 and K1 as the two copies of H4, but told John and William, in no uncertain terms, that both copies of H4 should be made by the Harrisons.
	www.nmm.ac.uk /server/show/conWebDoc.355/viewPage/6 (730 words)

	Longitude2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Of course if the exact position of the moon could be predicted then the longitude problem was solved and the English began to treat this as their main attack on the longitude problem in contrast to the French who worked largely on the moons of Jupiter method.
		Before describing John Harrison's contribution to the longitude problem, and his finally solving the problem, there is one other important ingredient which should be mentioned.
		Longitude can always be found within a degree, or very little more, which answers to about 40 geographical miles in the latitude of the English Channel.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/HistTopics/Longitude2.html (3495 words)

	Longitude
		The search for a solution to the longitude problem was deemed so important that in 1714 the British Parliament passed a law which offered £20,000 (approximately $12 million in today's currency) to the first person who invented a practical method of measuring longitude.
		The chief rival to this system was computing longitude by reference to the moon's position with respect to the sun and key reference stars and comparing these positions to predicted positions at home.
		HMS Bounty carried a longitude prize candidate clock, which was commandeered by the mutineers and taken to Pitcarin Island.
	www.craigr.com /books/longitude.htm (440 words)

	Nevanlinna Prize: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The Nevanlinna Prize is a prize for major contributions to mathematical aspects of computer science computer science quick summary:
		The abel prize is awarded annually by the king of norway to outstanding mathematicians....
		The wolf prize has been awarded annually since 1978 to living scientists and artists for "achievements in the interest of mankind and friendly relations among...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/n/ne/nevanlinna_prize.htm (574 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Concerning Federally Sponsored Inducement Prizes in Engineering and Science (1999)
		The size of the prize reflected both the importance of the issue and the fact that no reliable method was close at hand.4 A remarkable British clockmaker, John Harrison, eventually solved the problem by developing the first accurate marine chronometer.
		The CATS prize has a detailed set of rules, including compliance with applicable government laws and regulations.8 Both the X PRIZE and CATS Prize illustrate the growing interest in encouraging private innovation in space technology, and both are aimed particularly at entrepreneurial firms with innovative, low-cost ideas.
		These prizes encourage and reward scientific and technical progress in the field of nanotechnology, which the Institute defines as “the coming ability to build materials and products with atomic precision.” The grand prize will be at least $250,000 and will be awarded for the demonstration of a 50-nanometer 8-bit adder and a 100-nanometer robot arm.
	www.nap.edu /openbook/NI000221/html/21.html (4707 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Longitude [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Longitude, sometimes denoted λ, describes the location of a place on Earth east or west of a north-south line called the Prime Meridian.
		Longitude is given as an angular measurement ranging from 0° at the Prime Meridian to +180° eastward and -180° westward.
		West longitudes (i.e., longitudes measured positively to the west) will be used when the rotation is prograde and east longitudes (i.e., longitudes measured positively to the east) when the rotation is retrograde.
	encyclozine.com /Longitude (1044 words)

	Longitude and Right Ascension
		Indeed, this is the principle by which we measure longitude; the rotating earth makes the sky act like a giant clock with the observer's meridian acting like the hour hand.
		Historically, the problem with determining longitude, in the days before long distance communication was feasible, was how to know what the time was on the standard clock.
		The longitude prize however was not claimed for some 50 years (the fascinating story of the ``longitude prize'' is given in the book ``Longitude'', by Dara Sorel).
	www.astro.virginia.edu /~teacha/130_manual/node102.html (481 words)

	How prizes pushed progress - The New Space Race - MSNBC.com
		The prize is won by Henri Farman in 1908, giving French aviators a boost in their public-relations battle with the Wright brothers.
		The prize is won in 1919 by British Capt. John Alcock and Lt. Arthur Whitten Brown, flying a Vickers Vimy airplane for 16 hours from Newfoundland to Ireland.
		To encourage passenger space travel, the X Prize Foundation offers $10 million to the first team to develop a craft without government support that is capable of bringing the pilot plus two passengers (or equivalent ballast) to an altitude of at least 100 kilometers, then repeating the feat within two weeks.
	www.msnbc.msn.com /id/5191763 (1240 words)

	LONGITUDE - The True Story of a Lone Genius
		To learn one's longitude at sea, one needs to know what time it is aboard ship and also the time at the home port or another place of known longitude at that very same moment.
		The British Parliament, in its famed Longitude Act of 1714, set the highest bounty of all, naming a prize equal to a king's ransom (several million dollars in today's currency) for a "Practicable and Useful" means of determining longitude.
		The commissioners charged with awarding the longitude prize- Nevil Maskelyne among them- changed the contest rules whenever they saw fit, so as to favor the chances of astronomers over the likes of Harrison and his fellow "mechanics." But the utility and accuracy of Harrison's approach triumphed in the end.
	www.harmonics.com /lucy/lsd/sobel.html (1997 words)

	NOVA \| Transcripts \| Lost at Sea - The Search For Longitude \| PBS
		The prize was big enough to capture the attention of the nation: L20,000, equivalent to millions today.
		JOHN HARRISON VO: I suppose that the difference of longitude betwixt a ship at sea and the port it sailed from might be as nearly known as its latitude if the ship had along with it a machine or watch that would exactly point out what time it was at the home port.
		WILL ANDREWES: At the meeting of the Board of Longitude in January 1765, along the with the official news of the success of John Harrison's fourth marine timekeeper came the devastating news to Harrison that Nevil Maskelyne was to be appointed Astronomer Royal.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/nova/transcripts/2511longitude.html (6777 words)

	ANSARI X PRIZE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		One such prize was the Longitude Prize, offered by the English government in 1714 for a method of accurately determining longitude.
		The X PRIZE is closely modeled after the Orteig Prize, which was offered in 1919 for the first nonstop airplane flight from New York to Paris.
		X PRIZE Founder Peter Diamandis read it in 1995 and was inspired to create the X PRIZE to foster the development of the reusable spacecraft that will take all of us to space.
	www.xprize.org /cool_stuff/reading_list.php (809 words)

	Feynman Grand Prize Page 1
		To win the newly announced Feynman Grand Prize, entrants must design and construct a functional nanometer-scale robotic arm with specified performance characteristics, and also must design and construct a functional nanometer-scale computing device capable of adding two 8-bit binary numbers.
		The Feynman Grand Prize is named in honor of Nobel Prize winning physicist Dr.
		Foresight Institute is offering a $250,000 Feynman Grand Prize to the individual or group that first achieves two significant nanotechnology breakthroughs - design and construction of a functional nanometer-scale robotic arm, and design and construction of a functional 8-bit adder computing device.
	www.islandone.org /Foresight/GrandPrize.1.html (2404 words)

	The Frederick A. Cook Society
		Harrison devoted his entire life to the pursuit of the longitude prize, all the while battling university scholars who thought him an incompetent crank.
		Harrison did eventually win the longitude prize, but not until he was in his late 70s.
		The debate over the way longitude would be found raged on throughout his many trials over the decades between the 1720s and the 1770s.
	www.cookpolar.org /longitude.htm (678 words)

	Untitled
		Longitude and latitude are basically a grid system of vertical and horizontal lines.
		In order to define longitude, an imaginary reference point - the Prime Meridian (0 degrees longitude), located at Greenwich England - was established.
		Latitude and longitude are angles measured in degrees, minutes and seconds, i.e.
	www.suite101.com /print_article.cfm/science_surfing/114951 (385 words)

	John Harrison
		The longitude problem was eventually solved by a working class joiner from Lincolnshire with little formal education.
		The Board of Longitude, however, implied that the watch was a fluke and would not be satisfied unless others of the same kind could be made and tested.
		Board of Longitude was asked to consider H5 and K1 as the two copies of H4, but told John and William, in no uncertain terms, that both copies of H4 should be made by the Harrisons.
	www.geocities.com /rob_neptune/bios/harrison_john.htm (2666 words)

	Amazon.com: The Longitude Prize: Books: Joan Dash,Dusan Petricic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		Dash (We Shall Not Be Moved) pens an engrossing tale of the scientific contest for the Longitude Prize, which was offered through a 1714 act of the British Parliament in response to the devastating loss to the British navy of four battleships and hundreds of sailors.
		"The Longitude Prize," by Joan Dash, is a wonderful book for children, 9 to 12 years old, about the 18th century race for an accurate method of determining a ship's longitude.
		During that time, two competing systems arose for finding longitude; one was supported by scientists and astronomers, based on the movement of the moon.
	www.amazon.com /Longitude-Prize-Joan-Dash/dp/0374346364 (1528 words)

	Amazon.co.uk: Longitude [2000]: DVD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		The ever-reliable Ian Hart appears in Part 3 as Harrison's now-adult son and apprentice, and Longitude approaches its dramatic climax with the exhilarating tension of a first-rate thriller.
		Only the knowledge how long the rotation of the earth vis-a-vis the sun takes from one point to another enables a seaman to determine where precisely he is at any given moment; wherefore he needs to know both the time at his departure port and the time aboard ship.
		Harrison's chief detractor and a rival for his claim of the longitude prize (20,000 pounds, equivalent to almost a million dollars by today's standard) was Sir Nevil Maskelyne.
	www.amazon.co.uk /exec/obidos/ASIN/B00005B1MG (2217 words)

	Newsletter Short Books for You and Your Middle and Secondary Students
		When the Board of Longitude's prize was first offered in 1714, the most likely approach seemed to lie in astronomy.
		As a scientific pursuit of educated classes, astronomy's promise appealed to the Board of Longitude, who saw an astronomical solution to longitude as a worthy contender for their prize.
		In contrast, the calculation of longitude using an accurate watch might be easily done by a seaman of common education.
	www.hawaii.edu /hga/Newsletter/Summer96/ShortBooks.html (1306 words)

	Nautical History
		The British Longitude Act of 1714, in the reign of Queen Anne, promised a prize of 20,000 english pounds for a solution to the longitude problem to anyone that could provide longitude to an accuracy of 1/2 degree.
		After Galileo died (in 1640) his longitude method became acceptable on land and was used by surveyors to redraw the maps of the world (earlier ones had seriously underestimated distances between continents), it now only remained to find longitude from the moving deck of a ship to take advantage of the improved world maps.
		By 1714 and the Longitude Act, the scene was set for a race between men of education (Astronomers) to provide time calculated from the heavens and men laboring with their hands (mechanic's) to create an accurate clock for ship use.
	www.sailtexas.com /long.html (1860 words)

	BBC - London - Features - Greenwich, Longitude, Prime Meridian & GMT
		Discover how Longitude was solved and why Greenwich is the home of world time and the Prime Meridian.
		Longitude, the position east or west, was still not accurate but was theoretically possible to measure in terms of time.
		H4 eventually won John Harrison the Longitude prize from the British Government.
	www.bbc.co.uk /london/content/articles/2005/04/21/longitude_feature.shtml (693 words)

	Talk:Longitude prize - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-01)
		However, the Longitude Board set up to administer the prize refused to beleive that longitude could be determined without astronomical measures.
		Maybe because measuring the height of the sun was everyday work on a ship while measuring the positions of the moon and various stars, the unsuccessful longitude method, was normally only done in observatories.
		As far as fog; the article is unclear on whether there was no way at all to measure longitude prior to this particular invention, or no way to do so when encountering fog; the problem is introduced couched in terms of fog reducing visibility, which would obviously also reduce the ability to take "astronomical measures".
	www.infosearchpoint.com /wiki.php?title=_Talk:Longitude_prize&printable=yes (452 words)

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