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Topic: Longshan culture

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	Longshan culture - Chinese Culture - Chinese Culture
		Longshan culture was a late Neolithic culture centered around the central and lower Yellow River in China.
		Longshan culture pottery was noted for its highly polished fl pottery.
		Unlike the Yangshao culture, the Longshan culture was a patriarchical society.
	www.famouschinese.com /virtual/Longshan_culture (249 words)

	The Dispatch - Serving the Lexington, NC - News (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Longshan culture () was a late Neolithic culture centered on the central and lower Yellow River in China.
		Life during the Longshan culture marked a transition to the establishment of cities, as rammed earth walls and moats began to appear; the site at Taosi is the largest walled Longshan settlement.
		Toward the end of the Longshan culture, the population decreased sharply; this was matched by the disappearance of high-quality fl pottery found in ritual burials.
	www.the-dispatch.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Longshan_Culture (182 words)

	Exploring Chinese History :: Culture :: Chinese Archaeology :: Neolithic and Bronze Age Cultures
		Longshan culture was noted for its highly polished fl pottery (or egg-shell pottery) and is often referred to as the 'Black Pottery Culture' for this reason.
		The Wucheng culture was a distinct contemporary of Sanxingdui and Yinxu and is known for its distinct geometric pottery and bronze bells, the clapperless nao.
		The culture flourished mainly in the provinces of Henan, Shaanxi and Shanxi.
	www.ibiblio.org /chinesehistory/contents/02cul/c03s04.html (1452 words)

	The Chinese Neolithic - Cambridge University Press
		The Longshan culture is one of the Neolithic ceramic assemblages identified by the pioneers of modern Chinese archaeology early this century.
		Archaeologists then argued that the Longshan culture was centered in the Yellow River valley, with variations of this mainstream culture in surrounding areas (An 1959, 1979).
		The Longshan culture of fl pottery in the east (representing indigenous Chinese culture) was thus viewed as a system independent from the Yangshao culture of painted pottery in the west (thought to be foreign diffusion).
	www.cambridge.org /catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0511079044&ss=exc (3636 words)

	4. China, to 221 B.C.E. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Neolithic or Yangshao culture is associated with painted clay pottery; people lived in small villages, mainly harvested millet, hunted with bows and arrows, domesticated pigs and dogs, used numerous tools made of stone and bone, engaged in fertility rites, and showed respect for their dead through burial.
		B.C.E. and was gradually replaced by Longshan culture, characterized by fl, unpainted pottery crafted on wheels.
		Longshan society was less mobile, more sedentary than before, with walled communities.
	www.bartleby.com /67/138.html (1451 words)

	Longshan culture - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		Longshan Culture 龙山文化 represents a civilization in which both stone and bronze tools were in application.
		AFAIK the Longshan culture is roughly from 3200 - 2000 BC in northern China.
		If Longshan culture had bronze and cities, then it would count as a state society and therefore the starting point of Chinese civilisation would be pushed back 1000 years, equaling that of ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=744 (1112 words)

	Understanding Jade Art
		It is generally recognized that the dragon and phoenix motifs of Hongshan Culture are the ancestors of motifs found in later periods in the Chinese jade artifacts history.
		Longshan Culture jade artifacts contain many varieties from jade kwei, jade arched pendant, jade tube, bi-disk and notched bi-disk all of which are carved elegantly and dexterously.
		Longshan Culture jade artifacts are multivarious, from jade kwei to jade arched pendants to jade tubes to bi-disks and notched bi-disk, all of which are elegantly and dexterously carved.
	www.understandingjadeart.com (3599 words)

	Jade Chronology » Uncategorized
		It is generally recognized that the dragon and phoenix motifs of Hongshan Culture are the ancestors of those motifs for later periods in the Chinese jade artifacts history.
		Second, many Liangzhu Culture jade artifacts can be seen smooth cut on the surface of the motif that can be interpreted as some kind of records of important events such as prays and sad memory.
		Culture jade artifacts contain many varieties from jade kuei, jade arched pendant, jade tube, bi-disk and notched bi-disk all of which are carved elegantly and dexterously.
	www.jadechronology.com /?cat=1 (1143 words)

	Long-lost Pottery Technique Revived
		The 32-year-old was born in Longshan, in the city Zhangqiu, in east China's Shandong Province.
		This was where relics from the Longshan Culture which existed around 4,000 years ago in the late Neolithic period were found in 1936.
		The Longshan Culture was famed for its exquisite and distinguished fl pottery.
	www.china.org.cn /english/culture/68614.htm (530 words)

	Peiligang culture at AllExperts
		The Peiligang culture (è£´æå´—æ—å—) is a name given by archaeologists to a group of Neolithic communities who lived in the Yiluo river valley in Henan Province, China.
		The culture practiced agriculture in the form of millet farming and animal husbandry in the form of pig raising.
		The culture is also one of the oldest in ancient China to make pottery.
	en.allexperts.com /e/p/pe/peiligang_culture.htm (200 words)

	Chinese History - Prehistoric cultures of China (www.chinaknowledge.de)
		Although the cultures in the Central Plain played an important role, the prehistoric cultures of the other regions were also developing simultaneously with their own characteristics, as is increasingly proven by archeological finds.
		The discovering of the fl pottery Longshan culture é¾å±± in Chengziyai ååå´—/Shandong reveiled artifacts that were the basis of important features of the Shang cultures of the late 2nd millennium: scapulimancy and stamped-earth (hangtu å¤¯å) constructions for palaces and tombs.
		Characteristics of the Longshan culture that dominated the Central Plain from the late 4th millenium on are town enclosures made of stamped-earth, thin and polished fl pottery produced with a wheel, oracles made of burned and cracked scapulas.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /History/Myth/prehistory-event.html (1547 words)

	Rare! Longshan Culture Jar, ca.2800-2000 c. BC
		Cultures of this period produced the worlds first ceramic, bronze and carved ritual hardstone and jade wares.
		The Longshan culture florished along the Yellow River from Honan to the eastern sea coast, near the mouth of the Yangzi River.
		This small Longshan jar is short and stout with a broad belly a wide flaring mouth and 2 loop handles that join the mouth rim.
	www.goantiques.com /detail,rare-longshan-culture,800985.html (221 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		All kinds of cultural relics are abundant and valuable for the staty of the history of ancient war, transportation and culturat exchange.
		The cultural deposits of the Longshan Culture is especially abundent and valuable for the understanding of the distribution and development of ancient culture in sanmenxia City.
		The vertebrate fossils and cultural remains belonged to the late Pleistocene epoch,dating from 100,000 to 500,009 BP.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /external/default/WDSContentServer/IW3P/IB/1995/08/01/000009265_3970716145911/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (3767 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		During the process of the survey, both kiown cultural relics and cultural materials as well as possible problems and traces along the highway lines were exsamined and analyzed.
		From the vertical sec- tion of the soil stratum, a sack-shaped ash puddle indicating Longshan Culture was observed.
		The surveying data mainly dis- plays -the Mlaodigou type of culture and Banpo type with -shavel-legged ding and the ding with embossed decoration of Longshan Culture, as well as ii, fu, dou, basins, and jars of the Western Zhou dynasty.
	www-wds.worldbank.org /servlet/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/1995/05/01/000009265_3970625092312/Rendered/INDEX/multi_page.txt (6076 words)

	Teaching Chinese Archaeology, object 4 - NGA
		Longshan cultures predominated in China's Central Plains during the late Neolithic period, from about 3000 to 2000 B.C. First identified in 1928 at the Longshan site in Shandong province, different regional Longshan cultures have since been found in Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, and Hunan.
		Excavations of Longshan settlements, which were typically encircled with rammed-earth walls, have uncovered bronze tools, lacquered wooden objects, and pig and deer bones used for divination.
		The painted designs differ from other Longshan pottery, which was dominated by gray and fl wares, and link the basin with older painted pottery traditions (compare the Painted pottery urn (gang) from the Yangshao culture).
	www.nga.gov /education/chinatp_sl04.htm (462 words)

	Neolithic Culture in China
		Neolithic cultures are distinguished from earlier Paleolithic and Mesolithic structures by the domestication of plants and animals, and extensive making and use of stone tools.
		Neolithic cultures have been shown to have existed in southwest Asia as early as 8000 b.c.
		A mix of fine clay and natural pigments was painted onto the vessels and the entire surface was gently burnished to shine the surface.
	www.chinapage.com /archeology/neolithic.html (306 words)

	The Antiquity Delusion - China History Forum, chinese history forum
		I think for a culture to be considered as a true civilisation, it probably must have at least one of the two: True developed bronze (or iron) metallurgy or a completely fully developed written script.
		LongShan is just one of many neolithic cultures and is not a revolutionary or precursor society appearing before the Shang.
		In this way to show progression through LongShan alone and have LongShan as some sort of flowering from the neolithic is not borne out by a single influence on the Shang nor in the technical achievments of the LongShan, since they are largely defined by art and not technology.
	www.chinahistoryforum.com /index.php?showtopic=11156 (4728 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Along the central reaches of the Yellow River were the Yangshao culture (5000 BCE to 3000 BCE) and Longshan culture (3000 BCE to 2000 BCE).
		Along the lower reaches of the river were the Qingliangang culture (5400 BCE to 4000 BCE), the Dawenkou culture (4300 BCE to 2500 BCE), the Longshan culture (2500 BCE to 2000 BCE), and the Yueshi culture.
		As Huaxia culture spread from its heartland in the Yellow River basin, it absorbed many distinct ethnic groups which then came to be identified as Han Chinese, as these groups adopted Han language (or variations of it) and customs.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Han_Chinese (2104 words)

	Shandong On Internet (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The Beixin Culture,Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture found in the province prove that between 7,000 to 4,000 years ago, the Dongyi people had changed from matrilineal society to a patriarchal society and even a class society.
		Qilu culture, with is unique characteristics, occupies a significant position in the Chinese culture.
		Influenced by traditional culture and their special living environment, Shandong people are hardworking and thrifty.
	www.china-sd.net /eng/sdsurvey/3.asp (596 words)

	Chinese Arts - Handicrafts æå·¥è—è¡“ - Stoneware, Earthenware, Pottery é¶å¨æ—ç© ...
		Longshan culture é¾å±± (3000-2000 BC) was the follower of the Dawenkou culture.
		The eastern type of Longshan pottery is fl colored and already shows the typical vessel types that are casted into bronze vessels during the Shang period å•, like the tripod ding é¼ vessel to the left.
		Right picture: Banshan culture åå±±, a western branch of Yangshao culture ä»°é¶ (5000-3000 BC) was located in the northwest (modern Gansu) and is - like the Majiabang culture - caracterized by wide-bellied cooking pottery, but it is painted with more geometrical patterns than the former.
	www.chinaknowledge.de /Art/Ceramics/ceramics.html (2010 words)

	hss_fagan_poe_11\|Early Chinese Civilization\|True or False
		By 3250 B.C., Longshan culture had developed along the east coast and produced wheel pottery.
		The archaeology of the Longshan culture shows a pattern of peaceful coexistence between neighboring villages, but a high level of warfare between those of the Longshan culture and their southern neighbors.
		Scapulimancy is a medical practice long held by the Chinese for repairing the damaged shoulders of farmers who toiled so greatly in the fields of the Huang Ho River valley.
	wps.prenhall.com /hss_fagan_poe_11/0,7997,829066-,00.utf8.html (262 words)

	Hakka - An important element of Chinese culture
		It is highly likely that while Hakka may be a stronghold of Han culture, Hakka people also have married other ethnic groups and adopted their cultures during the long migration history of 2000 years.
		Hakka people are noted for their preservation of certain cultural characteristics that could be traced to pre-Qin period (about 2200 years ago) as expressed in the custom, foods, spoken language, etc.
		Hakka people are also known to be very adamant in defending their cultural heritage, which was the reason for their migration to flee from the "northern" influence at that time.
	www.asiawind.com /hakka (2284 words)

	History and Culture
		Cultural relics representing the Xihe Culture (7,300-8,400 years ago), especially pottery, have been discovered in the city.
		Chengzi Cliff in the eastern suburbs has yielded traces of the Longshan Culture of the late New Stone Age (4,000-4,600 years ago), marked by distinctive fl pottery.
		While carrying forward the old cultural traditions, Jinan's modern culture is developing vigorously.
	www.chinadaily.com.cn /en/doc/2003-09/14/content_264668.htm (192 words)

	The Age-old Chinese Bell Culture (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		Later, a bell - shaped utensil made out of fine gray pottery clay was unearthed from the remains of the Longshan culture (2800 - 2000 BC) at Doumen Town, Chang' an County, Shaanxi Province.
		In class society, the symbol of idea and culture could naturally be utilized by the dominators, resulting in a sharp contrast between the brilliance of bells and the sorrow of society.
		The core of the bell culture is education; it is worship, worship of ethics, kind- heartedness and justice.
	www.china.org.cn /english/features/FbiCh/78450.htm (1601 words)

	Chinese history:the Yangshao Culture and Longshan Culture
		In1953, during construction of a factory at Banpo, near the city of Xi'an in Shaanxi Province, a neolithic village belonging to the Yangshao Culture was accidentally uncovered.
		The Longshan Culture was more advanced than the Yangshao Culture and probably flourished about a thousand years later, between 5000 and 4000 B.C. People of the Longshan Culture also hunted, fished and planted grain.
		These scholars now believe that the Longshan Culture was in fact a later development of the Yangshao Culture.
	www.chinavoc.com /history/yangshao.htm (399 words)

	History & Culture
		Shandong is one of the birthplaces of the ancient Chinese culture.
		The Beixin Culture, Dawenkou Culture and Longshan Culture found in the province prove that between 7,000 to 4,000 years ago, the Dongyi people had changed from a matrilineal to a patrilineal society and even to a class society.
		Besides Confucius and Sun-tzu, who were respectively renowned as the "Sage of Culture" and the "Sage of Strategy", other famous ancient figures from Shandong include Wang Xizhi, the "Sage of Calligraphy", inventor Lu Ban, miracle-making doctor bian Que, strategist Zhuge Liang as well as poets Li Qingzhao and Xin Qiji, and novelist Pu Songling.
	www.dzwww.com /english/tourism/200304240987.htm (249 words)

	CHANG, K (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-11)
		The third millennium b.C, was the millennium of the Longshan Culture.
		The interaction sphere had by the Longshan period obviously been strengthened, and not only stylistic similarities in material culture but also comparable evolutionary trends in social organization and ideology are now very much visible throughout the sphere of interaction.
		The virtually universal occurrence of scapulimancy among the Longshan Cultures is another manifestation of the spherewide communication or substratum of cosmology.
	www.upf.edu /materials/huma/central/historia/eo/sabermes/longsha.htm (577 words)

	Ancient China: The Xia and Shang - Ancient Man and His First Civilizations
		The Longshan Culture is a prime example of this period.
		The Yangshao culture is followed by the Lungshan, after which comes the Yin, or Shang, which dates to about 1,500 B.C, and is by far the better known.
		A point of comparison: the Yangshao culture is dated conventionally at 3,500 B.C, yet just across the bay in Japan, the same type people (the ancient Jomon), who migrated "from" China to Japan, are known to have inhabited that area since about 35,000 B.C, so be careful what conclusions you draw from dates.
	www.realhistoryww.com /world_history/ancient/China_1.htm (921 words)

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