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Topic: Loop of Henle

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Loop diuretic

Nephron

Renal medulla

Proximal convoluted tubule

Kidney

Micturition reflex

Glomerulus (kidney)

Calyx (kidney)

Glomerular filtrate

Arteriole

Lumen

Eoganan of Dalriada

Urea

Sodium

Potassium

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	Loop diuretic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Loop diuretics are diuretics that act on the ascending loop of Henle in the kidney.
		Loop diuretics act on the Na-K-2Cl symporter in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle to inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption.
		Loop diuretics also cause vasodilation of the veins and of the kidney's blood vessels, mechanically causing a decrease in blood pressure.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loop_diuretic (493 words)

	Loop of Henle - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the kidney, the loop of Henle is the portion of the nephron that leads from the proximal convoluted tubule to the distal convoluted tubule.
		The loop has a hairpin bend in the renal medulla.
		The loop of Henle is supplied by blood in a series of straight capillaries descending from the cortical efferent arterioles.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loop_of_Henle (548 words)

	Loop - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A loop is generally something that closes back on itself such as a circle or ring.
		Loop (knot), one of the fundamental structures used to tie knots
		The Loop, the downtown neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois bounded by an elevated railway in the shape of a loop
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Loop (470 words)

	Role of NHE isoforms in mediating bicarbonate reabsorption along the nephron -- Wang et al. 281 (6): 1117 -- AJP - ...
		exchanger (NHE) isoforms NHE3 and NHE2 in the proximal tubule, loop of Henle,
		limb of the loop of Henle, and the distal convoluted tubule (6,
		in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle and NHE2 in the distal
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/281/6/F1117 (3817 words)

	loop of Henle - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The loop of Henle employs a sodium counter-current mechanism to provide hypertonic conditions - approximately 1200 mmol/l, mainly sodium chloride and urea - in the deep medulla of the kidney.
		The ascending limb of the LOH is impermeable to water.
		The descending limb of the LOH is permeable to sodium chloride and water.
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/1443233832.htm (221 words)

	Friedrich Gustav Jacob Henle (www.whonamedit.com)
		Henle received the M.D. on April 4, 1832 at Bonn with a dissertation on the pupil membrane and the blood vessels within the eye.
		It was in Berlin during the years of 1832 to 1834 that Henle published the first descriptions of the structure and distribution of human epithelial tissue and of the fine structures of the eye and brain.
		Henle was inspired by Agostini Bassi’s work on the muscardine disease of silkworms with its prophecy of the discovery of microbes as the causal agents of other diseases.
	www.whonamedit.com /doctor.cfm/710.html (2725 words)

	Urine Concentration
		The direction of flow in the descending limb of the loop is opposite from the direction of flow in the ascending limb.
		The loop of Henle dips from the cortex of the kidney into the medulla, and is surrounded by medullary interstitial fluid.
		As fluid follows the path of the loop, an increasing amount of water is extracted as it reaches the bottom and an increasing amount of salt is pumped out as the fluid reaches the top.
	www.mhhe.com /biosci/esp/2002_general/Esp/folder_structure/ab/m2/s6/abm2s6_2.htm (773 words)

	Inhibition of heme oxygenase decreases sodium and fluid absorption in the loop of Henle -- Wang et al. 285 (3): 484 -- ...
		Inhibition of heme oxygenase decreases sodium and fluid absorption in the loop of Henle -- Wang et al.
		increases Na excretion in the loop of Henle.
		of CrMP decreased fluid reabsorption in the loop of Henle.
	ajprenal.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/285/3/F484 (3455 words)

	VII. Regulation of Water Balance
		Dlh, alh = descending and ascending limbs of Henle=s loop.
		In addition, most of the solute deposited in the medulla by the loop of Henle recycles from the ascending to the descending vasa recta and is trapped in the medulla.
		The longer the loops of Henle in proportion to the rest of the nephron, the greater the vertical osmotic gradient.
	www2.kumc.edu /ki/physiology/course/seven/7_4.htm (2376 words)

	Renal physiology overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Begin with the ascending limb: This portion of the loop is impermeable to both water and Na+ and Cl-.
		The fluid around the bottom of the loop (in the medulla of the kidney) then becomes more concentrated than the fluid near the top of the loop (near the cortex).
		In the descending limb of the loop of Henle: This part is impermeable to Na+Cl-, but permeable to water.
	clem.mscd.edu /~raoa/bio2320/urinaryov (542 words)

	Loop of Henle: Facts and details from Encyclopedia Topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The loop of Henle is a section of the nephron nephron quick summary:
		The distal convoluted tubule (dct) is a portion of kidney nephron between the loop of henle and the collecting duct system....
		Friedrich gustav jakob henle (july 9, 1809 - may 13, 1885), german pathologist and anatomist, was born at fürth, in franconia....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/loop_of_henle.htm (1139 words)

	[No title]
		The filtrate entering the descending part of the thin loop is isotonic, but the removal of salt, nutrients, and water in the proximal tubule causes a reduction in volume from its raw state in the urinary space.
		Although the descending portion of the loop is permeable to water, it is impermeable to salt.
		Unlike the loop of Henle, the ascending parts of the vasa recta are as permeable to salt and water as are its descending parts.
	www.loyno.edu /~chood/histnoteuro.html (3463 words)

	Kidney (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The segment that drains glomerular filtrate from the Bowman's capsule is the proximal convoluted tubule.
		The next portion of the tubule is the loop of Henle, which leads to the distal convoluted tubule.
		The loop of Henle was named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle who described it in the early 1860s.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Kidney.html (1879 words)

	The countercurrent multiplier of the loop of Henle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Cells of the thick ascending portion of the loop of Henle reabsorb Cl in a secondarily active transport powered by Na/K ATPase at the serosal cell surface.
		The descending portion of the loop of Henle is impermeable to ions but permeable to water.
		The longer the loop of Henle the greater the concentration of fluid in the pericellular space
	fig.cox.miami.edu /~lfarmer/BIL265/physkidney/tsld012.htm (135 words)

	[No title]
		After sodium is passed on by the proximal tubule, loop diuretics act on it in the inside passage of the loop of Henle - thus the name "loop" diuretics.
		Loop diuretic effectiveness is not just from the amount of drug that makes it to the kidney, but also from how long the drug stays there to do its thing.
		The effectiveness of loop diuretics is also related to the amount of sodium in the kidney's loop of Henle.
	www.chfpatients.com /text/diuretic_resistance.txt (1289 words)

	Medicines - Loop diuretics (e.g. furosemide/frusemide)
		The 'loop' refers to the drug's action on the loop of Henlé, a structure of the kidney involved in reabsorbing water.
		Loop diuretics are most commonly used to relieve the symptoms of heart failure, such as breathlessness, swollen feet and ankles, and tiredness.
		Loop diuretics are usually taken first thing in the morning, and then sometimes in the early afternoon, so that the increased urine production they cause doesn't interfere with sleep.
	www.bupa.co.uk /health_information/html/medicine/loop_diuretics.html (891 words)

	ANS 331: Renal System
		Loop of Henle --From Juxtamedullary capillaries that dip deep into the renal medulla c.
		Active transport of NaCl from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle is responsible for increased hyperosmolality.
		The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and early distal tubules are called the diluting segment of the nephron because they are impermeable to H2O.
	www.siu.edu /~tw3a/331renal.htm (1682 words)

	Nephron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The main difference in the two types of nephron is the length to which the loop of Henle extends into the kidney.
		Cortical nephron, which are about eighty percent of the nephron in humans, have a loop of Henle that does not extend past the cortex of the kidney.
		Juxtamedullary nephron, on the other hand, have a loop of Henle that extends past the cortex and into the medulla of the kidney.
	members.tripod.com /oracle3927/nephron.htm (370 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The loop of Henle is a system for pumping sodium into the medullary intersitium, such that the dilute fluid passes from the loop of Henle to the distal tubule.
		The flattened epithelium of the thin descending portion of the loop is permeable to both water and salt.
		The luminal content on reaching the base of the loop of Henle, that is, deepest portion of the medulla, is hypertonic.
	www.urmc.rochester.edu /smded/path505/Outlines/Lect7.html (270 words)

	Renal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The nextportion of the tubule is the loop of Henle, which leads to the distal convoluted tubule.
		The loop of Henle was named after Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle who describedit in the early 1860s.
		The loop of Henle maintains an osmotic gradient set up as a countercurrent exchange to filter and concentrateglomerular filtrate.
	www.therfcc.org /renal-85384.html (1079 words)

	NDI Article Translation: 355 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Urine is concentrated with relative little expenditure of metabolic energy thanks to a complex interaction between the Loops of Henle, the medullary interstitium (the kidney's inner tissue) and the collecting tubule.
		This is thought to occur between the bend of Henle's Loop and the early distal tubule.
		The authors urge researchers to carefully determine whether their in vivo and in vitro measurements taken during relevant experiments faithfully represent the function of the Loop of Henle and the interstitium of the inner medulla.
	www.ndif.org /Translation/jtran-355.html (799 words)

	BASIC RENAL PHYSIOLOGY: Loop of Henle Transport
		Because this process occurs as the fluid is flowing along the loop of Henle and exchange takes place between the interstitium and fluid streams moving in opposite directions (descending and ascending) and because osmolality increases progressively with depth in the medulla, the mechanism is termed countercurrent multiplication.
		The interstitial osmolality is further increased by the accumulation of urea reabsorbed from the distal tubule and collecting duct and trapped in the medulla).
		Role of the Vasa Recta (capillaries paralleling the loop of Henle)
	www.acbrown.com /kidney/Basic/RnBsLoop.htm (500 words)

	Kidney
		Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) : macula densa (Terminal portion of loop of henle) afferent and efferent vessels and mesangial cells.
		Vasopressin and angiotensin II release: net effect to increase salt absorption in the proximal tubule and loop of Henle.
		Absorbed in proximal tubule and in the loop of henle.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/meded/mech/cases/case24/kidney.htm (396 words)

	Renal physiology overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Further reduction of filtrate volume occurs in the loop of Henle.
		Begin with the ascending limb: This portion of the loop is impermeable to both water and Na+Cl-.
		When its leaves near the top of the loop of Henle (at the level of the cortex) it has recovered much of the material which was filtered from the blood in the first place (in the renal corpuscle).
	www.mscd.edu /~biology/2320course/Urinoh.htm (560 words)

	Objectives
		During the primary active transport of sodium, chloride is simultaneously reabsorbed as are all amino acids and glucose.
		Past the PCT is the loop of Henle which consists of both ascending and descending limbs.
		In the Loop of Henle there is continued reabsorption of water, sodium, chloride.
	classes.kumc.edu /cahe/respcared/cybercas/dialysis/portkid.html (434 words)

	Loop Diuretics in Cardiac Therapy
		Loop diuretics are prescribed most commonly for the treatment of congestive heart and renal failure, cirrhosis, nephrotic syndrome and edema; newer agents have demonstrated benefit in the treatment of hypertension.
		Loop diuretics primarily inhibit the sodium-potassium-chloride cotransport system located within the ascending limb of the Loop of Henle.
		Although the newer loop diuretics have demonstrated potential in a number of disease states, adequate clinical evaluation is imperative to determine clinical and economic superiority to the prototype agent.
	www.uspharmacist.com /oldformat.asp?url=newlook/files/Feat/ACF2EDE.cfm&pub_id=8&article_id=24 (3265 words)

	Human Physiology Study Guide #5 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Compare the properties characteristic of the descending and ascending limbs of the loop of Henle.
		Describe the interactions between the two limbs of the loop of Henle and how this influences reabsorption of water and salts.
		Describe countercurrent exchange of water and salts between the vasa recta and the loop of Henle.
	www.uri.edu /artsci/bio/wetherbee/bio242/sg5.htm (385 words)

	URINARY SYSTEM
		The nephron is composed of: (1) the glomerulus, a tuft of capillaries, which produces the glomerular filtrate, housed in the renal corpuscle; followed by a series of tubules, specialized for excretion and reabsorption, including (2) the proximal convoluted tubule, (3) the descending and ascending loop of Henle, and (4) the distal convoluted tubule.
		The descending loop of Henle leaves the cortex and enters the medulla, returning to the cortex as the ascending loop.
		Histologically, the loop of Henle appear acidophilic as the descending/ascending loop (Medulla 2) and becomes a thin squamous lined tube near the tip of the papillae (Medulla 3).
	lifesci.rutgers.edu /~babiarz/kid.htm (845 words)

	Nephron (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		It is a tiny tubule consisting of a cluster of capillaries called the glomerulus, surrounded by a hollow bulb known as Bowman's capsule.
		The loop of Henle descends from the cortex into the medulla, and then ascends back from the medulla to the cortex only in juxtamedullary nephrons.
		The longer the nephron, the better it performs its countercurrent exchange mechanism involving the loop of Henle in the medulla allows reabsorption of water and salt.
	nephron.area51.ipupdater.com (596 words)

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