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| | Loose Wheel Nuts - Causes and Effects, News Articles |
 | | When present on the threads or between a nut and the wheel surface, these contaminants can also change the clamping force / torque relationship, resulting in "false torques" where much of the torque applied is used to overcome friction and is not converted into clamping force. |
 | | Wheels are subjected to a variety of forces, including vertical forces from the vehicle and its cargo, road vibration and shock forces, cornering forces when the vehicle turns, and rotational forces from the turning of the wheel, especially during acceleration and braking. |
 | | When a wheel nut loosens these forces are redistributed among the remaining nuts and studs, but preferentially to the nuts and studs adjacent to the loose nut, causing these nuts to back off at reduced wheel force levels. |
| www.normarkindustries.com /CausesEffects.htm (947 words) |
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