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Topic: Lophotrochozoa

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Lophophorata

Trochozoa

Gnathifera

Lophophore

Phoronida

Animal

Micrognathozoa

Choanoflagellate

Platyhelminthes

Chelicerata

Arthropod

Mollusca

Nemertea

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	Lophotrochozoa - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Caribbean Reef Squid or Sepioteuthis sepioidea is a complex lophotrochozoan.
		The Lophotrochozoa are one of two or three major groups of protostome animals.
		The flatworms and their allies form a clade, called the Platyzoa, which is closely related to the Lophotrochozoa and sometimes included within it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lophotrochozoa (264 words)

	Lophotrochozoa - TheBestLinks.com - Animal, Arthropod, Clade, Mollusca, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lophotrochozoa or Spiralia are one of three major divisions of bilaterian animals, together with the Ecdysozoa and Deuterostomia.
		The other four phyla are traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates, named for the common presence of a lophophore, a fan of cilia surrounding the mouth.
		The flatworms and their allies form a clade that is basal among the Lophotrochozoa, though it is sometimes treated separately as the Platyzoa.
	www.thebestlinks.com /Lophotrochozoa.html (182 words)

	Animal - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		The Lophotrochozoa include two of the most successful animal phyla, the Mollusca and Annelida.
		The Lophotrochozoa also include the Nemertea or ribbon worms, the Sipuncula, and several phyla that have a fan of cilia around the mouth, called a lophophore.
		These were traditionally grouped together as the lophophorates, but it now appears they are paraphyletic, some closer to the Nemertea and some to the Mollusca and Annelida.
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Animal (2018 words)

	SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY
		The typical "bryozoan" phyla (Entoprocta and Ectoprocta) are included in their protostome clades as well and thus separate the "bryozoa" from the other lophophorates that they place in the Deuterostomata.
		The Lophotrochozoa similarly are defined by taxa that have or evolved from organisms with a trochophore larva and ciliary feeding structures (lophophores), so all of the lophophorates are included in the protostomes.
		Also, the phyla of the "cycloneuralia" and "articulata" of the structural systems are spread between the Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa.
	comenius.susqu.edu /bi/202/Animals/PROTOSTOMES/PROTOSTOME-SYSTEMS.htm (460 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2001-06-0042: Re: Subscribers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Lophotrochozoa cannot be a paraphyletic group, because it was DEFINED as a monophyletic group (the last common ancestor of bryozoans, phoronids, brachiopods, annelids, and mollusks, and all the descendants of that common ancestor).
		The discovery and definition of Lophotrochozoa preceded the definition of Ecdysozoa, and even the paper that described Ecdysozoa supported its sister-group relationship to Lophotrochozoa.
		If Lophotrochozoa had been named as a ranked taxon, then all the other nearby ranks among metazoans would have had to be changed, and then changed back again if Lophotrochozoa is really found to be synonymous with Bilaterialia, as you suggest without supporting evidence.
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2001-06-0042.html (638 words)

	Introduction to the Lophotrochozoa
		The Lophotrochozoa comprise one of the major groups within the animal kingdom, In turn, the Lophotrochozoa belongs to a larger group within the Animalia called the Bilateria, because they are bilaterally symmetrical with a left and a right side to their bodies.
		The name Lophotrochozoa comes from the names of the two major animal groups included: the Lophophorata and the Trochozoa.
		We have placed the Lophophorata in the Lophotrochozoa as the most popular of the current choices in the literature, but there are studies that suggest they may belong with the deuterostomes, or may even be paraphyletic.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /phyla/lophotrochozoa.html (725 words)

	Lophotrochozoa: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Lophotrochozoa are one of two major groups of protostome (protostome: more facts about this subject) animals.
		The flatworm (flatworm: Parasitic or free-living worms having a flattened body) s and their allies form a clade (clade: A group of biological taxa or species that share features inherited from a common ancestor), called the Platyzoa (Platyzoa: the platyzoa are a group of protostome animals....
		The name Spiralia has also been used for this extended group, since it includes all animals that develop with spiral cleavage (spiral cleavage: more facts about this subject).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/lophotrochozoa (347 words)

	Hierarchies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		For example, the ancestral taxon "Lophotrochozoa" (6) includes the terminal taxa (or "twigs") Platyhelminthes, Annelida, and Mollusca, according to this cladogram hypothesis.
		Imagine the ancestor for clade Lophotrochozoa is at "node" 6.
		Lophotrochozoa is the clade that includes this ancestor and all of its descendents.
	biology.fullerton.edu /courses/biol_404/web/Hierarchies.html (1187 words)

	Palaeos Invertebrates: Lophotrochozoa: Lophotrochozoa
		The Lophotrochozoa are a diverse group that were only recently discovered through molecular phylogeny (if indeed they are not an artifact of the analysis).
		The name combines the two clades, the Lophorata (which feed via a fringe of hollow tentacles, a lophophore) and the Trochozoa (which have a unique larval stage).
		These Spiralia could perhaps be considered a partial subset of the Lophotrochozoa, although both terms refer to the non-moulting protostome clade.
	www.palaeos.com /Invertebrates/Lophotrochozoa/Lophotrochozoa.html (317 words)

	Pharyngula::Acoelomorph flatworms and precambrian evolution
		In turn, the LCE and its descendants (Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa) form the crown Eubilateria.
		If a deep position for the Platyhelminthes within the Lophotrochozoa is accepted, characters 7, 10, and 11 in Platyhelminthes reverted to a plesiomorphic condition (marked with an X).
		Synapomorphies uniting acoels and nemertodermatids into the Acoelomorpha are as follows: a, interconnecting ciliary root system, b, cilia with shaft-like transitions; c, duet spiral cleavage; and d, fine structure of frontal organs.
	pharyngula.org /index/weblog/comments/acoelomorph_flatworms_and_precambrian_evolution (2277 words)

	Testing the New Animal Phylogeny: First Use of Combined Large-Subunit and Small-Subunit rRNA Gene Sequences to Classify ...
		Bootstrap values are not shown if the ME values were <50%, except for Lophotrochozoa and Ecdysozoa where all bootstrap values are shown.
		Lophotrochozoa, which is one of the main goals of animal systematics.
		Multigene Analyses of Bilaterian Animals Corroborate the Monophyly of Ecdysozoa, Lophotrochozoa, and Protostomia
	mbe.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/19/3/289 (6244 words)

	Explanations.html
		Comparisons of 18S rDNA suggest that Symbion is in Lophotrochozoa and is closer to Rotifera than to Entoprocta or Ectoprocta (Winnepenninckx, Backeljau, and Kristensen 1998)" (Harris 2002).
		This group may be more closely related to the Mollusc and Annelid group (collectively Lophotrochozoa;Garey and Schmidt-Rhaesa 1998) because they share unique Hox genes and because of 18S RNA evidence (the term Lophotrochozoa is derived from the phyla with lophophore and the phlya with trochophore larva).
		Lophotrochozoa comes from the names of the two major animal groups included: the Lophophorata and the Trochozoa.
	science.kennesaw.edu /~jdirnber/InvertZoo/Tree/Explanations.html (2206 words)

	Kingdom (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In today's lab we will examine two Phyla of Kingdom Animalia that are characterized by protostome development and are members of Lophotrochozoa.
		Lophotrochozoa is a group of Protostome phyla that are linked by ancestry.
		They are characterized by having either a lophophore feeding structure or a trochozoan larvea.
	bioweb.wku.edu /faculty/Lienesch/225/225lab3.html (861 words)

	Evolution 1:
		It ought to be restricted to the shedding of a whole exoskeleton, and thus be restricted to Ecdysozoa.
		Some Lophotrochozoa - Brachiopods, Ectoprocts, Entoprocts and Phoronids - have a lophophore, a ring of hollow ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth, but not the anus.
		Some Lophotrochozoa such as annelids and molluscs have a
	www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk /teaching/C1003/protostomes.htm (102 words)

	essential role (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Previously, using morphological methods, it was difficult to relate "minor" animal groups representing microscopic metazoans to larger, more well known groups such as arthropods, molluscs annelids.
		From molecular studies, it appears that acanthocephalans evolved from rotifers, that priapulids share common ancestry with all other molting animals (Ecdysozoa), and that flatworms, gnathostomulids and rotifers form a sister group to the remaining non-molting protostomes (Lophotrochozoa), both taxa together named Spiralia.
		Platyhelminthes + Gnathostomulida + Rotifera + Acanthocephala may be the sister group to Lophotrochozoa.
	chuma.cas.usf.edu /~garey/essential.html (190 words)

	PhyloCode Discussion - Message 2001-06-0053: Re: subscribers
		If Lophotrochozoa turns out to be synonymous with Bilateralia, then it simply is dropped as a formal name - Bilateralia remains perfectly good for the group.
		Dick Olmstead >Chris, > In the case at hand, if cladistically-defined and "precise" >Lophotrochozoa turns out to be a synonym of Bilateralia, the cost of that >precision is going to be pretty steep.
		> But in the meantime, what I fear most is that some workers, assuming >that Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa are really sister groups, might begin using >ecdysozoans as outgroups in cladistic analyses of groups in the supposed clade >Lophotrochozoa (as we see it in the literature from 1995-2001).
	phylocode.miketaylor.org.uk /archive/messages/2001-06-0053.html (496 words)

	Kimberella: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		As such it is the earliest known bilaterian animal.
		It may represent the ancestor of all bilaterian animals, including humans, or may be a lophotrochozoa (lophotrochozoa: the lophotrochozoa are one of two major groups of protostome animals....
		It has been interpreted as a mollusk (mollusk: Invertebrate having a soft unsegmented body usually enclosed in a shell) with a non mineralised shell (shell: The hard largely calcareous covering of a mollusc).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/kimberella (294 words)

	Eumetazoa - Wikispecies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Protostomia is further divided (by some) into Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa/Spiralia, there is no consensus how this taxa should be termed, branch is usually used.
		Platyzoa is a relatively new subdivision of Protostomia, along with Lophotrochozoa they are called Spiralia.
		This page was last modified 15:44, 26 February 2006.
	species.wikipedia.org /wiki/Eumetazoa (138 words)

	FIMOL1
		In the last decades, the aplication of molecular data to the study of bilateral animals phylogney has given as a result a wide restructuration of this group.
		An important consequence of this new scenario is that the acoelomate and pseudocoelomate groups, classicaly considered as basal bilaterians, are upgraded to more derived positions in the phylogenetic tree either within the Ecdysozoa or the Lophotrochozoa.
		This fact, added to the lack of resolution of the appearence of the three main groups, leaves the ancestral bilaterian characteristics undefined, and this precludes any possibility of understanding how the great diversity of bilateral body plans existing nowadays originated.
	www.ub.es /geisan/fimol/ResInt.HTML (676 words)

	Bilateria - Psychology Central (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In particular, the first opening of the embryo becomes the mouth in protostomes, and the anus in deuterostomes.
		Many taxonomists now recognize at least two more superphyla among the protostomes, Ecdysozoa (molting animals) and Lophotrochozoa.
		Some taxonomists also recognize another protostome superphyla, Platyzoa, while others would include the Platyzoans in Lophotrochozoa[1] or not include them in any superphyla.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Bilateria (333 words)

	pisemm.pisem.net (birthday charm)
		Despite denoting persons already mentioned fiction that not one molecular analyses confirm denoting persons already mentioned placement down brachiopods with denoting persons already mentioned Lophotrochozoa, denoting persons already mentioned phylogenetic relationships among this clade remain unresolved.
		While parsimony methods succeed within confirm denoting persons already mentioned monophyletic position with regard to law far arthropods and molluscs they draw denoting persons already mentioned brachiopods from end to end branch to as sister group until denoting persons already mentioned annelids.
		In contrast denoting persons already mentioned neighbor-joining manner shows denoting persons already mentioned a couple brachiopods as denoting persons already mentioned sad clade beside branch beyond to denoting persons already mentioned Lophotrochozoa and denoting persons already mentioned annelids and molluscs as sister groups.
	pisemm.pisem.net /7486.html (727 words)

	The Daily Californian
		According to the proposed molecular phylogeny, most of the animal phyla fall into the third grouping (Lophotrochozoa), yet Lophotrochozoa has none of the extensively studied model organisms.
		So the JGI wants to get genome information for the Lophotrochozoa, with the long range goal of understanding how the accumulation of changes in genes and genome organization has contributed to the evolution of diverse kinds of life.
		There are segmented and unsegmented animals in all three of the big groups, Deuterostomia, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa.
	www.dailycal.org /particle.php?id=16004 (730 words)

	Lab 2 – Lopotrochozoa (10 Phyla)
		Several phyla within the Lophotrochozoa have trochophore larvae (Nemertea, Mollusca, Sipuncula, Echiura, Pogonophora, Annelida), and several have a lophophore, a ring of tentacles encircling the mouth (Bryozoa, Entoprocta, Phoronida, Brachiopoda).
		Phylum Sipuncula – The Sipuncula (which means little siphon) are known as the “peanut worms.” Sipunculans occur in shallow water marine habitats where they either burrow into sand, mud, or rock, or live in crevices between rocks or in empty shells.
		Remember that the Pogonophora are sometimes called the Vestimentifera and sometimes considered a class within the Annelida.
	userwww.sfsu.edu /~efc/classes/biol170/lab/Laboratory-2.htm (1534 words)

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