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	Playfair cipher - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Playfair cipher or Playfair square is a manual symmetric encryption technique and was the first literal digraph substitution cipher.
		The Playfair is thus significantly harder to break since the frequency analysis used for simple substitution ciphers does not work with it.
		Lord Playfair promoted the use of the cipher, and his name became associated with the system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Playfair_cipher (1523 words)

	Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Born at Chunar, Bengal, son of the Inspector General of Hospitals in that region, Playfair was educated at the University of St Andrews, the Andersonian Institute in Glasgow, and the University of Edinburgh.
		Appointed CB that same year, Playfair also became Gentleman Usher to Prince Albert, and in 1853 was appointed Secretary of the Department of Science, in which capacity he advocated the use of poison gas against the Russians in the Crimean War.
		In 1868, Playfair was elected Liberal Member of Parliament for the Universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews, being made Postmaster General in Gladstone's government in 1873.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lyon_Playfair (528 words)

	Playfair biography
		Playfair was awarded a scholarship to the University in 1762, and there his aptitude and keenness to study gained him both the respect and friendship of his professors.
		Playfair was nominated by Lord Gray to succeed his father as the Parish Minister of Liff and Benvie and he moved to Liff to supervise the education of his brothers and sisters.
		Playfair was a successful teacher in his position as Professor of Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh, lecturing with a verve for the subject, doing his utmost to inspire his students with an enthusiasm for mathematical investigation, and rewarding those who succeeded by praising them in front of the class.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Playfair.html (2727 words)

	John Playfair
		PLAYFAIR, JOHN, an eminent natural philosopher and mathematician, was the eldest son of James Playfair, minister of Benvie, in Forfarshire, where he was born on the 10th of March, 1748.
		In 1779, Playfair’s first scientific effort was given to the public, in "An Essay on the Arithmetic of Impossible Quantities," published in the sixty-eighth volume of the Philosophical Transactions.
		In connexion with this it is to be held in mind, that Playfair was essentially a reasoner, and that he was more celebrated for separating the true from the false in the writings of others, or for establishing and applying truths accidentally stumbled upon by others, than for extensive discoveries of his own.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/playfair_john.htm (2537 words)

	Playfair buildings in Edinburgh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Architect, William Henry Playfair was born in London in July 1789, the younger son of architect, James Playfair.
		While Playfair's most important works were executed in the Greek revivalist or classical style, he was also competent in other styles, for example, the Jacobean Donaldson's Hospital (1842-54).
		Playfair was particularly concerned for the relation of a building to its neighbours and to the surroundings in which it is placed.
	www.edinburgh.gov.uk /libraries/artsphere/architects/playfair/playfair.html (634 words)

	King Edward VII
		The prince consort died on the 13th of December, and in 1862 the Prince of Wales went for a tour in the Holy Land (February to June) under the guidance of Arthur Penrhyn Stanley, afterwards dean of Westminster.
		Early in 1863 he was sworn of the privy council, and took his seat in the House of Lords as Duke of Cornwall.
		Ably advised by such men as Lord Knollys and Lord Esher, he devoted himself to the work of removing the Throne from its former isolation, and bringing it into touch with all sections of the community for the promotion of social happiness and welfare.
	www.nndb.com /people/906/000068702 (2776 words)

	Book Summary: Tom Playfair
		But besides being fun, the stories have a moral: Tom Playfair is an unruly little boy when he is sent to St. Maure's boarding school, but he develops into a good Catholic young man and leader-without ever losing his high spirit.
		The lead character, Tom Playfair, portrays charity, honesty and courage through a series of adventures that form the basis for a transformation of his character.
		Tom Playfair and his friends take some risks, similar to the Hardy boys, which, while a great source of entertainment, are perhaps best reserved to the safety of the confines of the written page.
	www.edocere.org /book_summaries/tom_playfair.htm (540 words)

	Tom Playfair - Catholicism in daily life - childhood adventures exciting and fun to read for all ages!
		Playfair and Miss Meadow, there was at table a young man, brother to Tom’s aunt, and the bane of our hero’s life.
		Playfair held himself, in general, strictly neutral; and it was only when the campaign gave signs of unusual bitterness that he felt himself called upon to interfere.
		Playfair’s house touched the sympathetic chord of compassion in the heartstrings of gentle Aunt Jane.
	www.tanbooks.com /doct/tom_playfair.htm (4072 words)

	Playfair (print-only)
		He persuaded Playfair to submit his first successful paper on mathematics to the Royal Society of London and this was published in the Philosophical Transactions in 1779.
		Playfair became involved in the establishment of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1783 and was one of the original Fellows of that Society.
		In 1815 Playfair succeeded his friend and colleague, Professor Robison, as the Secretary of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Printonly/Playfair.html (2697 words)

	The Mabinogion - Official Prussian Blue Forums
		PWYLL Prince of Dyved, was lord of the seven Cantrevs of Dyved; and once upon a time he was at Narberth his chief palace, and he was minded to go and hunt, and the part of his dominions in which it pleased him to hunt was Glyn Cuch.
		And while he sat there, they saw a lady, on a pure white horse of large size, with a garment of shining gold around her, coming along the highway that led from the mound; and the horse seemed to move at a slow and even pace, and to be coming up towards the mound.
		Then she went to the grooms and those who tended the horses, and commanded them to be careful of the horse, so that he might be broken in by the time that the boy could ride him.
	www.officialprussianblue.net /showthread.php?t=535 (10584 words)

	Amazon.de: Have His Carcase. Lord Peter Wimsey Mystery.: English Books: Dorothy L. Sayers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		A young woman falls asleep on a deserted beach and wakes to discover the body of a man whose throat has been slashed from ear to ear...The young woman is the celebrated detective novelist Harriet Vane, once again drawn against her will into a murder investigation in which she herself could be a suspect.
		Lord Peter Wimsey is only too eager to help her clear her name.
		The Playfair cipher was used operationally in WWII and to this day remains unsolvable as a one-time, short message, unknown-keyword cipher, unless you can guess one of the plaintext words.
	www.amazon.de /exec/obidos/ASIN/0450027120 (869 words)

	KLHG - Index Of Photographs
		This brought him into close contact with Playfair who soon realised his exceptional skill as an experimenter and who, we are told, urged James to enter the dyestuffs industry where his talents would earn him the status and income he deserved.
		In his letter of invitation to Lord Playfair, as the professor had now become, James wrote, "All the foreign members have been invited as well as a number of distinguished guests who are interested in the progress of chemistry and anxious to do honour to the past presidents”.
		Sadly, Lord Playfair died in May, a month before the dinner took place and in a letter of sympathy to his widow James Dewar wrote of his "lifelong veneration for the departed.
	www.rocinante.demon.co.uk /klhg/people/ppl104.htm (581 words)

	Playfair Cipher - █ FURTHER READING:
		The Playfair cipher is a method of cryptography invented in 1854 by English physicist Sir Charles Wheatstone (1802–1875).
		The Playfair is a block cipher that disguises a message by substituting each pair of letters in the plaintext with a secondary pair of letters.
		The British employed the Playfair in the Boer War in addition to World War I. Several militaries relied on the Playfair as a back-up cipher during the Second World War.
	www.espionageinfo.com /Pa-Po/Playfair-Cipher.html (369 words)

	NCAW Autumn 05 \| Marc Fehlmann on the Intended Reconstruction of the Parthenon on Calton Hill (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Playfair was one of Scotland's upcoming architects during the 1820's.
		Playfair Joint Architects (like Pheidias and Callicrates) and there cannot be a doubt that with your extensive and accurate knowledge of all the details of this wonderful building, and with Mr.
		Playfair was referring to the architect Thomas Leverton Donaldson who, from 1819 to 1822, had traveled in Italy, Greece, and the Levant, bringing back architectural drawings when he returned.
	www.19thc-artworldwide.org /autumn_05/articles/fehl.html (10358 words)

	David Livingstone Scottish missionary explorer to Africa - Missionary Biographies - Worldwide Missions
		While attending the university session of 1836-7 he, in company with Lyon (now Lord) Playfair and the brothers James and William Thomson (now Lord Kelvin), was instructed in the use of tools by Mr.
		Lord Clarendon, the foreign minister, threw himself heart and soul into the preparations for the expedition, and Livingstone was received by the queen before leaving, and was entertained by 350 friends at dinner at the Freemasons' Tavern.
		The propriety of his conduct in the matter was established to the satisfaction of the admiralty and of Lord Clarendon.
	www.wholesomewords.org /missions/bliving3.html (8393 words)

	Canadian Fisheries Commission And The Deep Waterways Commission
		Lord Playfair told me he himself would probably have been appointed on the Commission if Iddesleigh had lived.
		Some of my friends among the Republican Senators soon made it clear to me that we should take up our work under the heavy handicap caused by the fact that the President paid no regard to their recorded opposition to the appointment of a Commission.
		Bayard read his correspondence with Lord Salisbury in refutation of this assumption, and showed them that Congress alone could change the tariff, more than once, when hard pressed in argument on the details of our work, they returned to this statement, and with much apparent feeling.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles22/angell-7.shtml (1956 words)

	St. Mary's Academy & College
		The novices were encouraged - as a means to get rid of self-will and to increase their spiritual perfection - to pray that God would send them to the place they least wanted to go and give them the work most repugnant to them.
		Finn wrote in his 1891 preface to Tom Playfair, "Now it is a college with a history of which it may well be proud.
		The 'old church building,' the little boys' dormitory and washroom, the long, low frame structure used as an infirmary, are gone; new and nobler piles have arisen in the places so that the college of today...
	www.smac.edu /?TomPlayfairsSchool (2109 words)

	Sir James Young Simpson
		The famous chemist was at work in his laboratory, so Simpson took the opportunity of asking him if he possessed any new liquid capable of producing anaesthesia.
		To Simpson’s unbounded joy, Playfair told him that his assistant had recently prepared a liquid which was well worthy of experiment.
		Playfair absolutely refused to allow such a thing to happen, unless the experiment was tried on two rabbits beforehand.
	www.electricscotland.com /history/other/simpson_james.htm (1731 words)

	[1895] The Vaccination Question by Arthur Wollaston Hutton (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		In fact, the syphilitic nature of cow-pox is the theory which now holds the field; and it is hardly contested by the advocates of vaccination, who are content to rely solely on the evidence of statistics.
		Section 10 of the original Bill—the section struck out by the Lords, as noted above—provided for the cessation of repeated prosecutions; and this was a set-off against the aggravation of compulsion involved elsewhere in the measure.
		Doubtless Lord Playfair had suffered from the disadvantage common to statesmen who have to speak in Parliament on a great variety of subjects which they have no leisure to study.
	www.whale.to /vaccine/hutton_b.html (12008 words)

	Telegraph \| Expat \| Jaeiextostgpsacgreamqwfkadpmqzv (So can you crack the secret code of the Da Vinci case judge?)
		There is a code called the Playfair cypher (named after the 1st Lord Playfair, 1818-98, who did not invent it, but embraced it).
		This conventionally separates double letters with an intervening X. The cypher also relies on a key phrase which is used both for encryption and decryption at the other end.
		The conventions of the Playfair cypher dictate that the encrypter constructs a five by five grid of the alphabet (treating J and I as the same letter), beginning with the key words and then mopping up the rest of the letters in the alphabet.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /global/main.jhtml?xml=/global/2006/04/28/nvinci28.xml (628 words)

	Her Majesty's Sydney
		In December 1884, Sydney Mayor Playfair, laid the foundation stone for a new theatre.
		The Governor, Lord Carrington, and his wife arrived in a large well-equipped carriage with a military escort.
		During interval, the Lord Mayor expressed regret that a theatre held in such sentimental regard was closing.
	www.hat-archive.com /Hermajestyssydney.htm (1719 words)

	PLAYFAIR, LYON PLAYFAIR - Online Information article about PLAYFAIR, LYON PLAYFAIR
		PLAYFAIR, LYON PLAYFAIR - Online Information article about PLAYFAIR, LYON PLAYFAIR
		power in 188o afforded opportunity for Playfair to resume his interrupted See also:
		On his retirement from the post he was made K.C.B. In 1892 he was created Baron Playfair of St Andrews, and a little later was appointed See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /PIG_POL/PLAYFAIR_LYON_PLAYFAIR.html (765 words)

	TABLES AND CHARTS ENHANCE REPORT
		In 1822-23 Playfair wrote "the king (Louis XVI)understood the charts and was highly pleased." The King liked geographic atlases, and Playfair's book was among his treasures.
		You have to remember that William Playfair was also a rogue and a possible embezzler.
		Our purpose in spending so much time with Playfair is to recognize his contributions to the development of graphics.
	www.csun.edu /~vcecn006/tabgrp.html (6549 words)

	Cats stake claim to be the class of '04 - realfooty.com.au (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Injuries: Geelong: K Kingsley (flu) replaced in selected side by A Lord, H Playfair (leg) replaced in selected side by J Bartel.
		But in the space of two minutes Ablett sealed the result, first finding Ben Graham with a deft handball after haring down the members' wing, then sprinting through half-forward after Street won another stoppage to goal on the run from 40 metres.
		The Cats thanked their fans at the Hickey Stand end, then chaired Aaron Lord off to mark his 150th game and close his career.
	www.realfooty.theage.com.au /articles/2003/08/30/1062194755278.html (855 words)

	Untitled Document
		Time has surely come for players like David Clarke, Brent Grgic, Peter Riccardi, Aaron Lord, to be put on the 'never to play AFL for Geelong again' list.
		Young players like Henry Playfair, Matthew McCarthy, Shannon Byrnes, Brent Moloney, Will Slade and Charlie Gardiner must play regular AFL until the end of the season.
		Geelong: Johnson, Mooney, Wojcinski 2, Corey, Chapman, Playfair, Lord, Kelly, Ablett 1.
	geelong.keldar.net /Articles/28072003_01.htm (360 words)

	British-Yemeni Society: Princess of Zinj
		One of the first subscribers had been Queen Victoria whose eldest daughter, the future Empress of Germany, was later to befriend Saline in Europe.
		Witnesses to the marriage service on 30 May 1867 were the British Political Resident in Aden, Colonel W L. Merewether, and Colonel (later Sir) Robert Playfair, a former Assistant Resident in Aden, who served as Consul in Zanzibar 1862-67.
		During their three years of domestic happiness in Hamburg before Heinrich Ruete’s untimely death in a tram accident, Saline did her utmost to adapt herself to her very changed surroundings.
	www.al-bab.com /bys/articles/shipman00.htm (2004 words)

	Alfred '
		Nature Study and Gardening school book survives, and is finely illustrated, recording the local names and locations for birds and wild flowers, many of which are now rare in East Anglia.
		In 1919 he left school early at 13 to work as 'boy' for King, Lord Playfair's gamekeeper, in Redgrave Park.
		King had recognised his talents and asked Lord Playfair to secure his early release from school.
	myweb.tiscali.co.uk /redgravehistory/holt/mr_wop.htm (516 words)

	Queen Victoria & Sir James Simpson on Mother’s Day
		Simpson, as a man of deep faith, knew that in Christ there was neither slave nor free, male nor female, for all are one and equally valued in the Lord (Galatians 3:28).
		In his memoirs Lord Playfair, Professor of Chemistry, called Simpson ‘the greatest physician of his time’.
		When Simpson was dying in extreme pain, he commented: ‘When I think, it is of the words ‘Jesus only’ and really that is all that is needed, is it not?’ To honour this Christ-like man, 80,000 Scots watched his funeral procession in Edinburgh.
	www3.bc.sympatico.ca /st_simons/cr9905.htm (977 words)

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