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Topic: Lorentz

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Hendrik Antoon Lorentz

Lorentz group

Lorentz transformation

Speed of light

Max Planck

1904

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	Hendrik Lorentz - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lorentz attended primary school in Arnhem until he was 13 years of age when he entered the new High School there.
		Lorentz theorized that the atoms might consist of charged particles and suggested that the oscillations of these charged particles were the source of light.
		Lorentz was chairman of the first Solvay Conference held in Brussels in the autumn of 1911.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Hendrik_Lorentz (1549 words)

	Lorentz transformation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The composition of two Lorentz transformations is a Lorentz transformation and the set of all Lorentz transformations with the operation of composition forms a group called the Lorentz group.
		The Lorentz transformations were published in 1897 and 1900 by Joseph Larmor and by Hendrik Lorentz in 1899 and 1904.
		Larmor's (1897) and Lorentz's (1899, 1904) final equations were not in the modern notation and form, but were algebraically equivalent to those published (1905) by Henri Poincaré, the French mathematician, who revised the form to make the four equations into the coherent, self-consistent whole we know today.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lorentz_transformation (1319 words)

	river
		The script that Lorentz wrote for the narration of The River is a free-verse masterpiece which was praised by James Joyce as "the most beautiful prose that I have heard in ten years", and was nominated for the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry in 1938.
		Lorentz' words recall the free-verse poetry of Walt Whitman who also used the style to evoke the sweeping grandeur of America, a country whose physical beauty and rawness was a perfect match for the democratic principles upon which it was founded.
		Lorentz suggested that misuse of the river and the river valley bore the responsibility of the horrible financial situation that many Americans found themselves in during the Depression.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~1930s/FILM/lorentz/river.html (1966 words)

	Hendrik Lorentz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lorentz was well respected by his colleagues and he was highly praised by them.
		Lorentz was given many awards for his work on the properties of light and relativity.
		Lorentz suspected that vibrations of the charge in an atom caused the waves of light.
	www.usd.edu /phys/courses/phys300/gallery/clark/lorentz.html (595 words)

	Hendrik A. Lorentz - Biography
		From Lorentz stems the conception of the electron; his view that his minute, electrically charged particle plays a rôle during electromagnetic phenomena in ponderable matter made it possible to apply the molecular theory to the theory of electricity, and to explain the behaviour of light waves passing through moving, transparent bodies.
		The so-called Lorentz transformation (1904) was based on the fact that electromagnetic forces between charges are subject to slight alterations due to their motion, resulting in a minute contraction in the size of moving bodies.
		In I88I Lorentz married Aletta Catharina Kaiser, whose father, J.W. Kaiser, Professor at the Academy of Fine Arts, was the Director of the Museum which later became the well-known Rijksmuseum (National Gallery) of Amsterdam, and the designer of the first postage stamps of The Netherlands.
	nobelprize.org /physics/laureates/1902/lorentz-bio.html (1078 words)

	Lorentz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Jacob Lorentz, for whom the village was named, was born in Lancaster, Pa., in 1776, and moved to Lorentz in the year 1800, and died 66 years later.
		Jacob Lorentz was the father of several children (his wife being Rebecca Stalnaker), and his numerous descendants re- found throughout this and other counties.
		Lorentz can boast of having the first store, the first Post Office the first flsmith shop, the first tannery, the first painted frame house, the first brick house, and the first road wagon in Upshur County.
	www.wvculture.org /history/agrext/lorentz.html (3047 words)

	Breaking Lorentz symmetry (March 2004) - Physics World - PhysicsWeb
		Lorentz symmetry has so far withstood the tests of time, but in recent years theorists have begun to question whether it is indeed an exact symmetry of nature.
		Lorentz transformations are continuous transformations consisting of relative motion at constant velocity (boosts) and rotations.
		Lorentz transformations between different co-ordinate frames ensure that the space-time interval and the value of the speed of light are the same for all inertial observers.
	physicsweb.org /articles/world/17/3/7 (4452 words)

	Kids.net.au - Encyclopedia Hendrik Lorentz - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (born July 18, 1853 in Arnhem, Netherlands died February 4, 1928 in Haarlem) the winner of the 1902 Nobel Prize for his theory of electromagnetic radiation and primary developer of the theory of relativity (often falsely attributed primarily or solely to Albert Einstein) (see FitzGerald-Lorentz Contraction and Lorentz transformations).
		In his doctoral thesis for University of Leiden (1875), Lorentz refined the electromagnetic theory of James Maxwell to better explain the reflection and refraction of light.
		The respect that Lorentz was held in in The Netherlands is seen in O W Richardson's description of his funeral [6]:
	www.kidsseek.com /encyclopedia-wiki/he/Hendrik_Lorentz (651 words)

	The Collapse of the Lorentz Transformation
		Lorentz transformations (1) published in 1904, were first discovered by Woldemar Voigt in 1887 when studying the elastic theory of light, even if they are generally attributed to Lorentz.
		The aim of the Lorentz transformations (1) is to calculate the relationships between the lengths and time units between a frame supposedly at rest and another frame in motion, assuming that the same velocity of light is measured in both frames.
		In fact, the Lorentz transformations predicts only the transformation that gives an “average” velocity of light equal to c, which means that the velocity of light is slower in the forward direction and faster in the backward direction, in the moving frame, just as illustrated in equation 17.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /lorentz/lorentz.html (4352 words)

	I522: Lorentz HARTER (14 Oct 1698 - 1792)
		I lorentz Herther at Burnetsfield & in the County
		[560] Lorentz Herrther (Harter) was born 14 Oct. 1698 and married Abolonia Shultine (Abigail Schutt) born 30 ___ 1702.
		Lorentz came to America in 1712 and took the Oath of Loyalty at Albany, NY in 1715.
	www.gbnf.com /genealogy/eagan/html/d0082/I522.HTM (1010 words)

	CERN Courier - Framing Lorentz symmetry - IOP Publishing - article
		Lorentz symmetry, the feature of nature that says experimental results are independent of the orientation or the boost velocity of the laboratory through space, has survived a century of tests since Albert Einstein introduced the special theory of relativity.
		The general theory of Lorentz and CPT violation, known as the Standard Model Extension (SME), was developed by Alan Kostelecky and collaborators at Indiana University as part of the effort to unify the theories of quantum mechanics and gravity by investigating the full range of possible violations of Lorentz and CPT symmetries.
		Lorentz tests in atomic experiments have a variety of generic features, and Robert Bluhm of Colby College gave a comprehensive overview of these and the related theory.
	www.cerncourier.com /main/article/44/10/18 (1750 words)

	Pare Lorentz, Poet and Filmmaker
		To Lorentz, "the golden harvest" was an image that represented the land of plenty that America was before the Depression and the plenty that she might again produce if use of her land was brought back into the balance that had existed earlier in her history.
		Lorentz' worked expressed a belief that in turning away from the negative aspects of the present and looking back to the more successful past, America would be able to reclaim the best aspects of that past and bring themselves out of the malaise into which they were floundering.
		Lorentz combined poetry with powerful visuals and moving music to create a new medium, one complex enough to accomplish the somewhat contradictory task of both praising and chastening the country that he so loved.
	xroads.virginia.edu /~1930s/FILM/lorentz/front.html (1266 words)

	Lorentz contraction. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth’s absolute motion through space (see ether; relativity).
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein’s theory of relativity.
		The Lorentz transformation will result in a stationary observer recording an effect equivalent to the Lorentz contraction when observing an object in uniform motion relative to his system of coordinates.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Lorentzc.html (306 words)

	Lorentz biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Zeeman had verified experimentally Lorentz's theoretical work on atomic structure, demonstrating the effect of a strong magnetic field on the oscillations by measuring the change in the wavelength of the light produced.
		Lorentz is also famed for his work on the FitzGerald-Lorentz contraction, which is a contraction in the length of an object at relativistic speeds.
		Lorentz transformations, which he introduced in 1904, form the basis of Einstein's special theory of relativity.
	www-gap.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /~history/Biographies/Lorentz.html (908 words)

	The Lorentz Transformations in Three Dimensions
		The second aspect of the Lorentz transformations, is related to the physics involved, so that the velocity of light "measured" in a moving frame, appears to be equal to c in any direction.
		The hypothesis of Lorentz and Einstein that the other axes do not change and that the transformations are purely geometrical is not compatible with the physics implied in the calculations of quantum mechanics.
		We conclude that the previous description given by Lorentz and Einstein which assumes a transformation in only one dimension (which has never been observed in any experiment) is erroneous because it is not compatible with quantum mechanics and with the principle of mass-energy conservation.
	www.newtonphysics.on.ca /EINSTEIN/Chapter7.html (1385 words)

	A Direct Test of the Lorentz Length Contraction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lorentz contraction, which changes the apparent location of a light source, combines with aberration, which changes the apparent direction to the source, producing a variety of effects.
		Aberration occurs independently of the motion of the source, and is an effect established locally by the velocity addition formula as applied to the motion of light from the source with respect to the motion of the observer.
		One of the difficulties in Lorentz’s original contraction theory was that he considered the length contraction to be real, while the time dilation was a mathematical artifact of no real significance.
	renshaw.teleinc.com /papers/simiee2/simiee2.stm (6131 words)

	The Lorentz Condition
		We thus see that the Lorentz condition is a consequence of charge conservation for the four-potential of any charge distribution in the reference frame in which the charge is stationary.
		If the Lorentz condition is valid in one reference frame, it is valid in all frames for the special case of a plane electromagnetic wave.
		This follows from substituting the four-potential for a plane wave into the Lorentz condition, as was done in equation (16.27) in the previous section.
	www.physics.nmt.edu /~raymond/classes/ph13xbook/node174.html (238 words)

	Lorentz invariance and you \| Cosmic Variance
		Lorentz invariance is a cornerstone of relativity (and thus of all of modern physics), so breaking it is often thought to be bad.
		But Lorentz invariance is an assumption of the CPT theorem, and a vector field with a nonzero value in the vacuum can violate it.
		Amusingly enough, it’s the new experimental constraints on violating Lorentz invariance that get in our way — for a model of the type we consider to really work, the violation has to be strong in the early universe, and fade away by the time we are doing are experiments today.
	cosmicvariance.com /2005/10/25/lorentz-invariance-and-you (1685 words)

	The Lorentz Transformation
		Lorentz was not aware of the wave nature of matter, and so he could not explain why such a contraction should occur.
		Lorentz also showed that clocks should slow down to half of their original rate, according to the same g value.
		This means that a stopwatch would indicate only 30 relative seconds while a clock at rest inside aether would advance from 0 to 60 absolute seconds.
	www.glafreniere.com /sa_Lorentz.htm (409 words)

	Einstein-Lorentz Transformations
		In 1899 Lorentz published his transformations to explain Michelson’s findings, but it was later found that these transformations fit Einstein’s theory exactly.
		Lorentz transformations are mathematical statements of the conclusions of the Special Theory.
		The progression of the individual steps is not intuitive so that the path of the transform development is not obvious until the conclusion.
	www.iit.edu /~smile/guests/gsel1-4.htm (1010 words)

	SparkNotes: Kinematics: Lorentz Transformations and Minkowski Diagrams
		In fact, Fitzgerald and Lorentz saw that for the laws of physics to be preserved in all inertial reference frames, the Galilean transformations of Newtonian physics had to be replaced.
		However, no rationale or theory was provided for these particular transformations; Fitzgerald and Lorentz deduced their transformations from the mathematics of electromagnetism and not from any understanding of the relativistic nature of motion.
		A Minkowski diagram or spacetime diagram is a convenient way of graphically representing the lorentz transformations between frames as a transformation of coordinates.
	www.sparknotes.com /physics/specialrelativity/kinematics/section3.rhtml (1530 words)

	Strange Attractors - The Lorentz Butterfly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		In the 1960's the mathematician and meteorologist Edward Lorentz was attempting to simulate the behaviour of the atmosphere on a computer.
		What Lorentz had shown was that the future state of the system was very sensitive to the initial conditions used for the calculation and hence even a deterministic system could be inherently unpredictable in the long-term.
		With reference to Lorentz's strange attractor the famous statement on chaos says that the flapping of a butterfly's wings in Tokyo can cause a tornado in Texas.
	www.allrite.com.au /science/science/sa1.htm (314 words)

	2.1 Defining Lorentz violation
		Before we discuss Lorentz violation in general, it will be useful to detail a pedagogical example that will give an intuitive feel as to what “Lorentz violation” actually means.
		A local Lorentz transformation is a subgroup of the group of general coordinate transformations so the action is by construction invariant under “passive” local Lorentz transformations.
		On top of this structure, Lorentz non-invariant tensors were introduced that manifestly broke the symmetry but the group action remained the same.
	relativity.livingreviews.org /Articles/lrr-2005-5/articlesu1.html (640 words)

	Physics: Hendrik Lorentz: Explaining the Lorentz Transformation
		Hendrik Lorentz assumed the electron was a charged particle which 'generated' a spherical spatially extended electromagnetic field in the ether.
		Lorentz imagined that the ether exists throughout Space and that fields existed as a 'state' of this ether.
		This is a general principle, and is the foundation of Einstein's principle of special relativity and thus his postulate that the velocity of light is always measured to be the same.
	www.spaceandmotion.com /Physics-Hendrik-Lorentz.htm (4120 words)

	The Lorentz Transformation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Given coordinates x', y', z', and t' of an event in the primed frame, the Lorentz transformation allows you to compute the coordinates x, y, z, and t of the event in the unprimed frame, and vise versa.
		The Lorentz transformation is uniquely determined by the postulates of special relativity (with the additional assumption that space is homogeneous and isotropic).
		Another important aspect of the Lorentz transformation is that it can be used to transform quantities other than space and time from one inertial frame to another.
	www.physics.nyu.edu /courses/V85.0020/node45.html (1018 words)

	Shockwave (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lorentz' solo violin playing has been featured in motion pictures such as Other People's Money and Back To The Future III as well as the television series Northern Exposure.
		Lorentz is currently writing a collection of ethnic encores for Leisure Planet Publications, and co-wrote and performed a series of Stephen King audio books for Penguin Publishing with composer Eve Beglarian.
		Lorentz is a featured performer in the Santa Fe Pro Musica, and served as concertmaster on the
	www.earunit.org /RobinLorentz.htm (191 words)

	Lorentz contraction articles on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lorentz contraction LORENTZ CONTRACTION [Lorentz contraction], in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or
		Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon LORENTZ, HENDRIK ANTOON [Lorentz, Hendrik Antoon], 1853-1928, Dutch physicist, a pioneer in formulating the relations between electricity, magnetism, and light.
		He was one of the first to postulate the existence of electrons.
	www.encyclopedia.com /printablenew/28293.html (212 words)

	Fitzgerald-Lorentz Contraction
		The cartwheel appears Lorentz contracted by a factor of 2 along the direction of motion.
		The bottom of the cartwheel, where it touches the road, is not moving, and is not Lorentz contracted.
		In the frame of reference of someone riding on the axle (but not rotating), the rim is whizzing around and is Lorentz contracted, while the spokes are moving transversely, and are not contracted.
	casa.colorado.edu /~ajsh/sr/contraction.html (256 words)

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