Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis

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	AllRefer.com - Lorentz contraction (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Lorentz contraction[lOr´ents] Pronunciation Key, in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or Lorentz-Fitzgerald, contraction.
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth's absolute motion through space (see ether; relativity).
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein's theory of relativity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentzc.html (355 words)

	Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis was proposed by George FitzGerald and independently proposed and extended by Hendrik Lorentz to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which attempted to detect Earth's motion relative to the luminiferous aether.
		According to him, early explanation attempts including the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis had been "ad-hoc".
		In Science and Hypothesis he commented on the Lorentz contraction:
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lorentz-Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis (497 words)

	PhilSci Archive - The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation
		Lorentz postulated, particularly in 1895, any one of a certain family of possible deformation effects for rigid bodies in motion, including purely transverse alteration, and expansion as well as contraction; FitzGerald may well have had the same family in mind.
		Brown, Harvey R. The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation.
		Brown, Harvey R (2001) The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00000218 (190 words)

	Lorentz Contraction: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth's absolute motion through space (see ether ; relativity).
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein's theory of relativity.
		The Lorentz transformation will result in a stationary observer recording an effect equivalent to the Lorentz contraction when observing an object in uniform motion relative to his system of coordinates.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101255938 (856 words)

	Fitzgerald, George
		In 1892 he explained the anomalous results of the Michelson-Morley experiment 1887 by supposing that bodies moving through the ether contracted as their velocity increased, an effect since known as the Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction.
		In 1905, the contraction hypothesis was incorporated and given a different interpretation in Albert Einstein's general theory of relativity.
		Fitzgerald predicted that a rapidly oscillating (that is, alternating) electric current should result in the radiation of electromagnetic waves - a prediction proved correct in the late 1880s by Heinrich Hertz's early experiments with radio, which Fitzgerald brought to the attention of the scientific community in Britain.
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/F/Fitzgerald/1.html (168 words)

	Kennedy-Thorndike experiment - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another common attempt to "rescue" classic mechanics was the Fitzgerald-Lorentz contraction hypothesis, in which objects moving against the aether would contract.
		The modification is to make one arm of the classical MM apperatus much larger than the other, as a test for special relativity to verify time dilation so that that no phase shifts will be detected due to length contraction alone while the earth rotates around the sun.
		This would nullify any measurement that relied on the speeds relative to an aether, as the experiment itself was being contracted exactly the amount to cancel out the measurement.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Kennedy-Thorndike_experiment (357 words)

	FitzGerald contraction
		the hypothesis that a moving body exhibits a contraction in the direction of motion when its velocity is close to the speed of light.
	www.factmonster.com /ipd/A0441203.html (49 words)

	The Speed of Light - A Limit on Principle?
		It suffices to introduce the hypothesis that moving particles are contracted by some interaction with the ether (Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction), and that internal time is dilated by the same factor.
		While time and space appear somehow "on equal rights" in the Lorentz transformation equations, this is not the case within the formalism of quantum mechanics.
		It can be shown that Einstein's second postulate is equivalent to setting S(x') = - v/c^2 x', so that one obtains the well known Lorentz transformation equations
	homepage.sunrise.ch /homepage/schatzer/space-time.html (4215 words)

	:: hypothesis :: related - ( frustration aggression alternate continuum lorentz fitzgerald contraction fallacy contrary fact ) by Spell-Dictionary
		:: hypothesis :: related - (frustration aggression alternate continuum lorentz fitzgerald contraction fallacy contrary fact) by Spell-Dictionary
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	www.spell-dictionary.com /db/hypothesis (74 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lorentz contraction (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Lorentz contraction [lOr´ents] Pronunciation Key, in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or Lorentz-Fitzgerald, contraction.
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth's absolute motion through space (see ether ; relativity).
		The Lorentz transformation will result in a stationary observer recording an effect equivalent to the Lorentz contraction when observing an object in uniform motion relative to his system of coordinates.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentzc.html (74 words)

	Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lorentz was not particularly satisfied with his hypothesis because he realized that it was
		Lorentz showed how such an effect might be expected based on electromagnetic theory and the electrical constitution of matter, that is, when a body moves through space its dimension parallel to the line of motion might become less by an amount dependent on its speed.
		For Earth moving in its orbit at about 18.5 mile/s (30 km/s), the contraction would amount to about one part in 200,000,000, which would be about 2.5 inches (64 mm) on the diameter of Earth.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fitzgerald-Lorentz_contraction (74 words)

	PhilSci Archive - The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation
		Brown, Harvey R (2001) The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation.
		Lorentz postulated, particularly in 1895, any one of a certain family of possible deformation effects for rigid bodies in motion, including purely transverse alteration, and expansion as well as contraction; FitzGerald may well have had the same family in mind.
		Brown, Harvey R. The origins of length contraction: I. The FitzGerald-Lorentz deformation.
	philsci-archive.pitt.edu /archive/00000218 (74 words)

	George FitzGerald -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
		See also: (Click link for more info and facts about Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis) Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis
		George FitzGerald -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/g/ge/george_fitzgerald1.htm (34 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lorentz contraction (Physics) - Encyclopedia
		Lorentz contraction[lOr´ents] Pronunciation Key, in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or Lorentz-Fitzgerald, contraction.
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth's absolute motion through space (see ether; relativity).
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein's theory of relativity.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentzc.html (355 words)

	MSN Encarta - Relativity
		The Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction was considered by scientists to be an unsatisfactory hypothesis because it could not be applied to any problem in which measurements of absolute motion could be made.
		According to classical physics, one of the two observers was at rest, and the other made an error in measurement because of the Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction of his apparatus; according to Einstein, both observers had an equal right to consider themselves at rest, and neither had made any error in measurement.
		This example is not as unreasonable as it seems at first sight, for the station is also moving, due to the motion of the earth on its axis and its revolution around the sun.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761558302/Relativity.html (355 words)

	Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis was proposed by George FitzGerald and independently proposed and extended by Hendrik Lorentz to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which attempted to detect Earth's motion relative to the luminiferous aether.
		After reading a paper by Heaviside in which was shown that electric and magnetic fields are deformed by motion, FitzGerald inferred that similarly, when a body moves through space it experiences a deformation due to motion, and that this may explain the "null result".
		Lorentz showed independently how such an effect might be expected based on electromagnetic theory and the electrical constitution of matter, that is, when a body moves through space its dimension parallel to the line of motion might become less by an amount dependent on its speed.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lorentz-Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis (497 words)

	Lorentz contraction. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Lorentz contraction hypothesis was put forward in an attempt to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment of 1887 designed to demonstrate the earth’s absolute motion through space (see ether; relativity).
		), in physics, contraction or foreshortening of a moving body in the direction of its motion, proposed by H. Lorentz on theoretical grounds and based on an earlier suggestion by G. Fitzgerald; it is sometimes called the Fitzgerald, or Lorentz-Fitzgerald, contraction.
		Although the Lorentz contraction did not succeed entirely in reconciling the results of the Michelson-Morley experiment with classical theory, it did serve as the basis for the mathematics of Einstein’s theory of relativity.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Lorentzc.html (306 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He extended the hypothesis of G. Fitzgerald, an Irish physicist, that the length of a body contracts as its speed increases (see Lorentz contraction), and he formulated the Lorentz transformation, by which space and time coordinates of one moving system can be correlated with the known space and time coordinates of any other system.
		Lorentz also discovered (1880), simultaneously with L. Lorenz of the Univ. of Copenhagen, the relations (known as Lorentz-Lorenz relations) between the refraction of light and the density of a translucent body.
		On this he based his explanation of the Zeeman effect (a change in spectrum lines in a magnetic field), for which he shared with Pieter Zeeman the 1902 Nobel Prize in Physics.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentz.html (318 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He extended the hypothesis of G. Fitzgerald, an Irish physicist, that the length of a body contracts as its speed increases (see Lorentz contraction), and he formulated the Lorentz transformation, by which space and time coordinates of one moving system can be correlated with the known space and time coordinates of any other system.
		Lorentz also discovered (1880), simultaneously with L. Lorenz of the Univ. of Copenhagen, the relations (known as Lorentz-Lorenz relations) between the refraction of light and the density of a translucent body.
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz [hen´dr u k An´t O n l O ´rents] Pronunciation Key, 1853–1928, Dutch physicist, a pioneer in formulating the relations between electricity, magnetism, and light.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentz.html (318 words)

	AllRefer.com - Hendrik Antoon Lorentz (Physics, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		He extended the hypothesis of G. Fitzgerald, an Irish physicist, that the length of a body contracts as its speed increases (see Lorentz contraction), and he formulated the Lorentz transformation, by which space and time coordinates of one moving system can be correlated with the known space and time coordinates of any other system.
		Lorentz also discovered (1880), simultaneously with L. Lorenz of the Univ. of Copenhagen, the relations (known as Lorentz-Lorenz relations) between the refraction of light and the density of a translucent body.
		Hendrik Antoon Lorentz[hen´druk An´tOn lO´rents] Pronunciation Key, 1853–1928, Dutch physicist, a pioneer in formulating the relations between electricity, magnetism, and light.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Lorentz.html (318 words)

	Vacuum History & Technology
		He is best known for the Fitzgerald-Lorentz Contraction, a hypothesis that played a role in discrediting the notion that the vacuum of space is filled with a material medium called ether.
		Lorentz also proposed that light waves were due to oscillations of an electric charge in the atom.
		His mathematical theory of the electron brought him a Nobel Prize in 1902.
	www.mcallister.com /vacuum.html (2681 words)

	Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lorentz-FitzGerald contraction hypothesis was proposed by George FitzGerald and independently proposed and extended by Hendrik Lorentz to explain the negative result of the Michelson-Morley experiment, which attempted to detect Earth's motion relative to the luminiferous aether.
		After reading a paper by Heaviside in which was shown that electric and magnetic fields are deformed by motion, FitzGerald inferred that similarly, when a body moves through space it experiences a deformation due to motion, and that this may explain the "null result".
		Lorentz showed independently how such an effect might be expected based on electromagnetic theory and the electrical constitution of matter, that is, when a body moves through space its dimension parallel to the line of motion might become less by an amount dependent on its speed.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lorentz_contraction (617 words)

	Vacuum History & Technology
		He is best known for the Fitzgerald-Lorentz Contraction, a hypothesis that played a role in discrediting the notion that the vacuum of space is filled with a material medium called ether.
		Lorentz also proposed that light waves were due to oscillations of an electric charge in the atom.
		His view was that a vacuum was without physical properties and is, of course, the foundation of all vacuum technology today.
	www.mcallister.com /vacuum.html (617 words)

	Bibliography for Sir Joseph Larmor
		On the Role of the FitzGerald-Lorentz Contraction Hypothesis in the Development of Joseph Larmor's Electronic Theory of Matter.
		The electron theories of Larmor and Lorentz: A comparative study.
		Contributions of British Physics to the First Electron Theory of Matter and the First Electromagnetic View of Nature-Sir Joseph Larmor's 1893 Theory of Aether and Matter.
	coldrain.net /lucasianchair.org/larmor-bib.html (390 words)

	Serebella Contents Lord Thomas of Macclesfield---Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis
		Serebella Contents Lord Thomas of Macclesfield---Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis
		It uses material from the Wiktionary page "Lord".
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/contains-267143-267190-Lord_Thomas_of_Macclesfield-Lorentz-Fitzgerald_contraction_hypothesis.html (118 words)

	Luminiferous aether - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Another, completely different, attempt to save "absolute" aether was made in the Lorentz-Fitzgerald contraction hypothesis, which posited that everything was affected by travel through the aether.
		In 1908 Oliver Lodge gave a speech in behalf of Lord Rayleigh to the Royal Institution on this topic, in which he outlined its physical properties, and then attempted to offer reasons why they were not impossible.
		This too was shown to be incorrect when Oliver Joseph Lodge noted no such effect around other planets.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luminiferous_aether (3980 words)

	References for Larmor
		A Warwick, On the role of the FitzGerald- Lorentz contraction hypothesis in the development of Joseph Larmor's electronic theory of matter, Archive for History of Exact Science 43 (1) (1991), 29-91.
		J Z Buchwald, The abandonment of Maxwellian electrodynamics: Joseph Larmor's theory of the electron II: The abandoning of Maxwellian theory, Arch.
		J Z Buchwald, The abandonment of Maxwellian electrodynamics: Joseph Larmor's theory of the electron I: The maturation of a tradition: Maxwellian electrodynamics in the 1880's, Arch.
	www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk /history/References/Larmor.html (185 words)

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