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Topic: Giovanni di Lorenzo de Medici

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Medici (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici was the first Medici to enter banking, and while he became influential in Florentine government, it wasn't until son Cosimo the Elder took over that in 1434 as gran maestro that the Medici became unofficial head of state of the Florentine republic.
		Marie de Medici, widow of Henri IV and mother of Louis XIII, is used by Peter Paul Rubens in 1622-23 as the subject in his oil painting Marie de' Medici, Queen of France, Landing in Marseilles.
		Salvestro de' Medici (1331–1388), led the assault against the revolt of the ciompi, became dictator of Florence, and banished in 1382
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Medici (1016 words)

	Learn more about Lorenzo de' Medici in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lorenzo di Piero de' Medici (January 1, 1449 - 8 April, 1492), Italian statesman and de facto ruler of the Florentine Republic during the height of the Italian Renaissance.
		Lorenzo's support for artists such as Leonardo da Vinci, Donatello, Sandro Botticelli, Domenico Ghirlandaio, Andrea del Verrocchio and Michelangelo Buonarroti was instrumental in the development of Florence as the epicenter of 15th century Renaissance Europe.
		Another Medici, his brother Giovanni, restored it, but it was only made wholly secure again on the accession of a distant relative from a branch line of the family, Cosimo I de' Medici.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /l/lo/lorenzo_de__medici.html (777 words)

	Lorenzo de Medici: Tutte le informazioni su Lorenzo de Medici su Encyclopedia.it (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lorenzo de' Medici, Signore di Firenze nella seconda metà del Quattrocento, fu un letterato e mecenate nonché fine diplomatico.
		Figlio di Piero di Cosimo de' Medici e di Lucrezia Tornabuoni, alla morte del padre, avvenuta nel 1469, assunse il potere riuscendolo poi a consolidare nonostante la congiura dei Pazzi del 1478 nella quale fu ucciso il fratello Giuliano.
		Si tratta di una raccolta di sonetti e di canzoni in cui domina l’influsso della grande poesia amorosa del Trecento (il dolce stil novo, Dante, Petrarca).
	www.encyclopedia.it /l/lo/lorenzo_de_medici_1.html (887 words)

	Pope_Leo_X
		Leo X, born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (11 December 1475, Florence – 1 December 1521, Rome), Pope from 1513 to his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther (1483–1546) first accused the Roman Catholic Church of corruption.
		Giovanni received the tonsure at six, held benefices at eight, and before he was thirteen negotiations were in active progress for his elevation to the cardinalate.
		The interval was devoted to the study of theology and canon law, pursuits that proved less congenial to the young prince than the elegant literature for which he had inherited his father's taste, and in which he had already made great progress under the tuition of Politian and Bibbiena.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/p/po/pope_leo_x.html (702 words)

	Giovanni de' Medici - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Giovanni di Bicci de' Medici (1360-1429) (founder of the Medici dynasty)
		Giovanni di Cosimo de' Medici (1421-1463) (second son of Cosimo the Elder)
		Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (1475-1521) (Pope Leo X) Giovanni de' Medici il Popolano, husband of Caterina Sforza, Lady of Imola and Forlì
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Giovanni_de'_Medici (157 words)

	Pope Leo X - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		On March 26, 1492, the 16-year-old Giovanni became a cardinal and moved to Rome, receiving a letter of advice[1] from his parents which rank among the wisest and weightiest compositions of its class.
		Having resisted to the best of his ability, the Cardinal de' Medici found a refuge at Bologna and, being obnoxious to Innocent VIII's successor, Pope Alexander VI (1492–1503) as well as seeing himself deprived of political importance for the time being, he journeyed to several foreign countries with a party of friends.
		He died in Rome in 1521, and was buried in Santa Maria sopra Minerva.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pope_Leo_X (777 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Giuliano di Lorenzo de' Medici
		Medici MEDICI [Medici], Italian family that directed the destinies of Florence from the 15th cent.
		Bruni, the Medici, and an Aretine conspiracy of 1437.
		Pope Eugenius IV and Jewish money-lending in Florence: the case of Salomone di Bonaventura during the Chancellorship of Leonardo Bruni.
	encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Giuliano+di+Lorenzo+de'+Medici (331 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: House of Medici
		Born 1389, died 1 August, 1464, the founder of their power and so-called "Padre della Patria", was the son of Giovanni di Averardo de' Medici, the richest banker in Italy.
		Henceforth until his death Lorenzo was undisputed master of Florence and her dominions, and, while continuing and developing the foreign and domestic policy of his grandfather, he greatly extended the Medicean influence throughout Italy.
		But in 1530, after the famous siege, the city was compelled to surrender to the imperial forces, and Charles V made Alessandro de' Medici, an illegitimate son of the younger Lorenzo, hereditary head of the Florentine government.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/10120a.htm (1457 words)

	The Galileo Project \| Galileo \| Patrons \| Medici Family
		Giovanni's son, Cosimo (1389-1464), Cosimo il Vecchio (the old or first Cosimo), is considered the real founder of the political fortunes of the family.
		Piero's sons, Lorenzo (1449-1492) and Giuliano (1453-1478) ruled as tyrants, and in an attack in 1478 Giuliano was killed and Lorenzo wounded.
		Lorenzo the Magnificent: Christopher Hibbert, The Rise and Fall of the House of Medici (London: Allen Kane, 1974), fig.
	galileo.rice.edu /gal/medici.html (1482 words)

	Painters Of Florence - Lorenzo Di Credi
		Lorenzo's style was mainly derived from that of Verrocchio, whose sharply-defined outlines he preserves, and whose fat babies with awkward limbs and turned-up toes he imitates, while his smiling Virgins and curly-headed angels often recall Leonardo's types.
		Lorenzo's popularity among his brother artists, and the confidence which they reposed in his honesty and judgment, is proved by the frequent instances in which he was asked to settle disputes and decide the value of works of art.
		Among the most important works of Lorenzo di Credi's mature period are the Adoration of the Shepherds, with the graceful boy carrying a lamb in his arms, which he painted for the nuns of Santa Chiara, and is now in the Academy, and the Madonna and Saints in the Louvre.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles36/florence-painters-21.shtml (1554 words)

	Lorenzo de Medici/Lorenzo The Magnificent \| Ruler of Florence and Art Patron
		Lorenzo de Medici was born on January 1, 1449 in Florence, Italy.
		Lorenzo died during the night of April 8 and 9, 1492 in the Villa of Careggi at the age of 43.
		Paternal Advice To A Cardinal—Sage advice from Lorenzo De Medici in a letter to his son Giovanni made a cardinal at age of 14, and later ruled as Pope Leo X (reigned 1513-1521).
	www.lucidcafe.com /library/96jan/lorenzo.html (631 words)

	Giovanni di Ser Giovanni (called Lo Scheggia): The Triumph of Fame; (verso) Impresa of the Medici Family and Arms of ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lorenzo was the most celebrated ruler of his day as well as an important poet and a major patron of the arts; his name is synonymous with the Renaissance.
		It was kept by Lorenzo in his private quarters in the Medici palace in Florence and was acquired in the early years of the nineteenth century by Alexis-François Artaud de Montor, one of the earliest collectors of early Italian painting.
		This one is decorated with the armorial device of Lorenzo the Magnificent's father, Piero de' Medici: a diamond ring with three ostrich feathers and a banderole with the motto SEMPER (forever).
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ho/08/eustc/hod_1995.7.htm (480 words)

	Florence Art Guide - The Medici Family
		Lorenzo the Magnificent then reduced them to six, placing the blue ball at the top; Cosimo I, last of all, arranged them in the oval shape that they were to maintain in the future.
		Giovanni di Bicci (1360-1429, Bicci came from the nickname given to his father Averardo) was the founder of the family fortunes; by the early 15th century he had already accumulated a huge fortune thanks to his warehouses and banking interests as well as to his contract as rent collector for the City Council.
		Giovanni, Lorenzo the Magnificent's second son, was to become famous as Pope Leo X (1475-1478): he protected artists and writers at the papal court but also had to deal with Luther's Reformation.
	www.mega.it /eng/egui/epo/medici.htm (673 words)

	Pope Leo X (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Leo X né Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (December 11 1475 - December 1 1521) was the only pope who has bestowed his own name his age and one of the few original extraction has corresponded in some measure the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		Like his contemporary Henry VIII he was from the first destined the ecclesiastical condition; he received the tonsure at seven held benefices at eight before he was thirteen negotiations were in progress for his elevation to the cardinalate.
		Innocent VIII the reigning pope was bound to by domestic ties and a common policy interest; in October 1488 Giovanni was created a cardinal under condition that he should not be publicly as such for three years.
	www.freeglossary.com /Pope_Leo_X (682 words)

	[No title]
		When she died in 1482 some 13 years after her husband, Lorenzo was more than a little distraught and indeed the consequent lack of her down-to-earth common sense and guidance may well be part of the reason for the trauma of the last ten years of his life.
		Lorenzo inherited the family curse of gout, couldn’t smell or taste anything (inherited from his mother as noted above) and was not the most physically attractive of men—however all his contemporaries state (and one doubts it is just flattery) that when he spoke, he was positively magnetic.
		Giovanni (“Leo”) Looked at from the viewpoint of history it is perhaps fair to say that the Lorenzo Il Magnifico line remained “important” after his demise, largely as a result of his second son.
	members.shaw.ca /soniamichaels/CH12complete.doc (11965 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Pope Leo X
		Leo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (December 11, 1475 – December 1, 1521), pope between 1513 and his death, is known primarily for his failure to stem the Protestant Reformation, which began during his reign when Martin Luther first attacked the Roman Catholic Church.
		Leo is considered the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		Having resisted to the best of his ability, the Cardinal de' Medici found a refuge at Bologna and, being obnoxious to Innocent's successor, Alexander VI as well as seeing himself deprived of political importance for the time being, undertook a journey to several foreign countries with a party of friends.
	all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Leo_X (876 words)

	MavicaNET - Lorenzo de Medici the Magnificent
		Lorenzo the Magnificent is, withouth doubt, the most important and significant member of the Medici family from all points of view.
		Lorenzo de' Medici ("The Magnificent") was intensely interested in the arts and scholarship.
		The origins of the House of the Medici family are to be found buried in the depths of the Tuscan countryside, in other words, in the Mugello, where the castle-villa of Cafaggiolo can be identified as their "cradle".
	www.mavicanet.com /lite/ukr/27451.html (354 words)

	Medici - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Medici (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		The Medici arrived in Florence in the 13th century and made their fortune in banking.
		The first family member to control the city, from 1434 to 1464, was Cosimo de' Medici (‘the Elder’); he and his grandson Lorenzo (‘the Magnificent’), who ruled from 1469 to 1492, made Florence the foremost city-state in Renaissance Italy, and were famed as patrons of the arts and humanist thought.
		After a period of exile (1494–1512), the Medici returned to power and ruled first as dukes and later as grand dukes of Tuscany until 1737, when the line of succession died out.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /Medici (203 words)

	Medici : Godfathers of the Renaissance. Snapshots. Giovanni \| PBS
		A financially cautious, self-made man, Giovanni was one of five sons of a poor widow.
		Giovanni’s success with the branch in Rome leads to him taking over from Vieri to become the Capo of the Medici family.
		When he dies, Giovanni is Godfather of 26 branches of the Medici family.
	www.pbs.org /empires/medici/rap/gio1.html (150 words)

	Your way to Florence:accommodation, tourist services and resources of Chianti, Florence, Tuscany, Italy.
		The Medici policy was always aimed at encouraging democratic aspirations, but the basic intention of the family was to turn those aspirations to their own advantage and to exploit them into their own interest.
		Giovanni didn't like to be involved with public appointments, but he accepted to be "Priore" (prior) in Florence for three times.
		The pope, the patriarch of Constantinople, and the emperor of Constantinople, John VIII Paleologus, were guests of Florence and of the Medici.
	www.arca.net /db/medici/medici1.htm (760 words)

	Medal of the Pazzi cospiracy, obverse: Lorenzo, reverse: Giuliano by BERTOLDO DI GIOVANNI
		Medal of the Pazzi cospiracy, obverse: Lorenzo, reverse: Giuliano by BERTOLDO DI GIOVANNI
		Medal of the Pazzi cospiracy, obverse: Lorenzo, reverse: Giuliano
		The obverse depicts Lorenzo, who escaped, and the reverse in a mirror image portrays Giuliano who was killed in the Duomo during mass on 26 April.
	www.wga.hu /html/b/bertoldo/pazzimed.html (126 words)

	Giovanni di Cantibori's Notes on Florence
		They receive their instructions from Lorenzo de' Medici after he and his able permanent secretaries, among them, have made basic policy and sent it by letter to the Eight of Practice.
		By Lorenzo's time interest on merchant loans were not a problem, but thre was no interest on Chruch deposits, and Church overdrafts were paid for by overcharging the Church on goods sold to the Church through the merchant side of the Bank.
		Lorenzo de' Medici had enough influence with the Sultan to have Bertini returned to Florence, where he was tried and executed.
	web.mit.edu /sca/www/xrf/research/florence.html (5113 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Niccolò Machiavelli: History of Florence: Lorence de' Medici
		For this reason the Count Giovanni della Mirandola, a man of almost supernatural genius, was attracted by the magnificence of Lorenzo, and preferred to establish his home in Florence rather than in any other part of Europe, all of which he had visited in his travels.
		Thus Lorenzo's mode of life, his ability and good fortune, were recognised with admiration, and highly esteemed, not only by all the princes of Italy, but also by those at a great distance.
		These proofs of regard from foreign sovereigns caused Lorenzo to be looked upon with the greatest admiration by all Italy; and his reputation was daily increased by his rare ability, for he was eloquent and subtle in speech, wise in his resolves, and bold and prompt in their execution.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/machiavelli-histflo-lorenzo.html (1096 words)

	Florence - Uffizi Gallery - Sala Di Lorenzo Monaco
		He was the master of Bicci di Lorenzo and of Pier della Francesca, by whom there is a picture in this room, and who owed his precision in drawing and his clear firm outlines to Veneziano, for both of which qualities this artist was remarkable.
		He painted this picture shortly after the death of Cosimo de' Medici, the Pater Patrice, and has represented him attired in a robe of fl and gold, kneeling before the Madonna, and kissing the feet of the holy Child.
		Above, is a Madonna adoring the Child, by Lorenzo Credi; an angel crowns the Child with olive ; the landscape back ground, though conventional, is in good perspective ; the outlines are hard, but correct ; the colour pale ; the Child is in a natural attitude, and the limbs delicately rounded and infantine.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles26/florence-27.shtml (2114 words)

	Lorenzo Monaco (Piero di Giovanni): Last Judgment in an Initial C: Cutting from an Antiphonary (1975.1.2485) \| Object ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Lorenzo Monaco (Piero di Giovanni): Last Judgment in an Initial C: Cutting from an Antiphonary (1975.1.2485)
		This miniature was excised from an antiphonary (one of the principal choirbooks of Catholic devotion) painted by Lorenzo Monaco for the Camaldolese convent of Santa Maria degli Angeli, Florence.
		Written and illuminated over a period of 135 years beginning in 1370, the choirbooks of Santa Maria degli Angeli represent the crowning achievement of the art of illumination in early Renaissance Florence.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/hd/iman/hod_1975.1.2485.htm (318 words)

	1521 Definition / 1521 Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		[click for more] - Pope Leo XLeo X, né Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (December 11, 1475 - December 1, 1521), was the only pope who has bestowed his own name upon his age, and one of the few whose original extraction has corresponded in some measure with the splendour of the pontifical dignity.
		He was the first to sail from Europe westwards to Asia, the first European to sail the Pacific Ocean, and the first to lead an expedition for the purpose of circumnavigating the globe.
		Though Magellan himself died in the East Indies before returning to Europe, 18 members of the crew and one ship of the fleet returned to Spain in 1522,...
	www.elresearch.com /1521 (1693 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Giovanni di Paolo (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-25)
		Giovanni di Paolo GIOVANNI DI PAOLO [Giovanni di Paolo], c.1403-1483, major Italian painter of the Sienese school.
		Pannini, Giovanni Paolo PANNINI, GIOVANNI PAOLO [Pannini, Giovanni Paolo], 1691-1765, Italian painter.
		Giovanni Pellegrino and Salomone: a fifteenth-century Tenzone between a Christian Writer and a Jewish Poet.(Notes and Readings)(Critical Essay)
	www.encyclopedia.com /articles/05113.html (461 words)

	The Medici. Piero di Cosimo de' Medici and St. Peter Martyr. The Medici and Renaissance art.
		Her marriage to Anghiari was arranged by Cosimo de' Medici, who also, after the loss of both her husband and son, aided her in founding the convent.
		The double cell of Cosimo de' Medici, reserved for his use, was frescoed by Fra Angelico and Benozzo Gozzoli.
		The Medici are shown as connected with this reform process by the presence of 'their saints' yet again: John the Evangelist, Cosmas, Damian, Laurence, and Saint Peter Martyr.
	www.threemonkeysonline.com /article2.php?id=326 (1759 words)

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