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Topic: Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor

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Conrad III

	Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The sole member of the house of Supplinburg to hold the titles, Lothar II (1075-1137) became duke of Saxony in 1106, king of Germany in 1125 and Holy Roman Emperor in 1133.
		Lothar faced opposition through most of his reign from Frederick II, the Hohenstaufen duke of Swabia, whom he had defeated in the election to the kingship (the usual preliminary to accession as emperor), and Frederick's brother Conrad III.
		Lothar is entombed in the monastery church of Königslutter.
	www.theezine.net /l/lothar-ii-holy-roman-emperor.html (167 words)

	Lothair III, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lothair III of Supplinburg (1075–1137), was Duke of Saxony (1106), King of Germany (1125), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 to 1137.
		Lothair III is thus seen as a successor of Emperor Lothair I (ruled 843-855) and King Lothair II of Lotharingia (ruled 855-869), most of whose kingdom was eventually absorbed into Germany.
		King Eric II of Denmark was made a vassal of the emperor in 1135, becoming a member of the Reichstag.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lothar_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1310 words)

	AllRefer.com - Francis II, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Francis II 1768–1835, last Holy Roman emperor (1792–1806), first emperor of Austria as Francis I (1804–35), king of Bohemia and of Hungary (1792–1835).
		In 1798 he joined the Second Coalition against France, was again defeated, and in the Treaty of LunEville (1801) consented to the virtual dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire, which was formally ended (1806) after the Austrian rout at Austerlitz (see also Pressburg, Treaty of).
		Francis was a chief architect of the Holy Alliance.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/Francis2HRE.html (413 words)

	ipedia.com: Lothar Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lothar, Holy Roman Emperor, was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Irmengarde, daughter of Ingramm, the Duke of Hesbaye.
		Lothar (in older English texts, sometimes Lothair) (795 - March 2, 855), Holy Roman Emperor, was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Irmengarde (Ermengarde), daughter of Ingramm (Ingerman), the Duke of Hesbaye.
		Lothar, however, soon changed his attitude, and spent the succeeding decade in constant strife over the division of the Empire with his father.
	www.ipedia.com /lothar.html (705 words)

	Otto III Holy Roman Emperor: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Otto was succeeded by Henry II, son of Henry the Wrangler.
		...Pope Leo III that his...arms the holy Church of...for the Emperors military...advent of Otto I and the...efforts of Otto III to unite the Roman Empire and...position of Otto III.
		Holy Roman emperor 955 83, Holy Roman emperor (973 83) and German king (961 83), son and successor of Otto I. He was crowned joint emperor in...Verona, where he had his son Otto III elected German king.
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/101262785 (1615 words)

	Biography of Bernard of Clairvaux (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		When in 1124 Pope Honorius II was elected, Bernard was already reckoned among the greatest of French churchmen; he now shared in the most important ecclesiastical discussions, and papal legates sought his counsel.
		Lothar, though crowned by Innocent in St Peter's, could do nothing to establish him in the Holy See so long as his own power was sapped by his quarrel with the house of Hohenstaufen.
		In 1137, the year of Lothar's last journey to Rome, Bernard was back in Italy again; at Monte Cassino, setting the affairs of the monastery in order, at Salerno, trying in vain to induce Roger of Sicily to declare against Anacletus, in Rome itself, agitating with success against the antipope.
	biography-3.qardinalinfo.com /b/Bernard_of_Clairvaux.html (2532 words)

	Lothair II, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lothair II of Supplinburg (1075–1137), was the rulers of SaxonyDuke of Saxony (1106), King of Germany (1125), and Holy Roman Emperor from 1133/ to 1137.
		He was next granted the duchy in 1106 by Emperor Henry V in exchange for his hlep against Henry's father, Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
		The emperor continued giving little to know resistance against papal interference on his power; he even ignored a bull by Innocent which stated that the emperor's authority derived from him.
	www.infothis.com /find/Lothair_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1230 words)

	Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Henry V, Holy Roman Emperor, (1081 - May 23, 1125) was the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty.
		He forced the abdication in 1105 of his father, the emperor Henry IV and secured his own election as king, assuming the imperial crown in 1111.
		Despite initial Papal support for his accession, Henry continued the Investiture Controversy started by his father against the Pope's insistence on control all ecclesiastical appointments in Germany.
	www.theezine.net /h/henry-v-holy-roman-emperor.html (157 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - The Holy Roman Emperor
		Charles I of Spain, II of Holland, I of Austria.
		Formal end of the Holy Roman Empire (First Reich) as it is dissolved by Emperor Napoleon I of France (the Prussian-led Second Reich forms in 1871).
		The Habsburg emperors revert to their Austrian title, raising the former archduchy to the status of Austrian Empire, as it still holds almost all its eastern territories.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHRE.htm (441 words)

	Adalbert of Mainz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Of the family of the counts of Saarbrücken, he served as imperial chancellor under Emperors Henry IV and Henry V.
		In exchange for supporting the Emperor in his quest to regain the rights to investiture (which Henry received from Pope Paschal II in 1111), he was given the position of archbishop of Mainz.
		The election was thus important in that the nobility could no longer be guaranteed to vote for a king's designated heir, which forced later kings to give even greater concessions than ever before in return for a promise to elect their sons.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Adalbert_of_Mainz.htm (478 words)

	LOTHAR II
		Lothair, whose desire for the divorce was prompted by his affection for a certain Waldrada, put away Teutberga; but Hucbert took up arms on her behalf, and after she had submitted successfully to the ordeal of water, Lothair was compelled to restore her in 858.
		Still pursuing his purpose, he won the support of his brother, the emperor Louis II, by a cession of lands, and obtained the consent of the local clergy to the divorce and to his marriage with Waldrada, which took place in 862.
		An attack on Rome by the emperor was without result, and in 865 Lothair, convinced that Louis and Charles at their recent meeting had discussed the partition of his kingdom, and threatened with excommunication, again took back his wife.
	www.websters-online-dictionary.org /definition/LOTHAR+II (661 words)

	Anacletus_II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 1130, Pope Honorius II was dying and Pierloni was determined to succeed him, even if it meant huge bribery.
		He was elected as Pope Innocent II, but the Pierloni faction did not accept the result and proclaimed him as Anacletus II.
		Innocent II quickly convened the Second Lateran Council in 1139 and resolidified the Church's teachings against usury, clerical marriage, and other problems.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Anacletus_II (336 words)

	Brandenburg (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In 948 Emperor Otto I theGreat established German control over the now largely Slavic inhabitants of the area and founded the dioceses of Havelberg and Brandenburg; he died in 983.
		In 1134, in the wake of a German crusade against the Wends, the German magnate Albert the Bear was granted the Northern March bythe Holy Roman Emperor Lothar II.
		As the lands that had been acquired in Prussia wereoutside the formal boundaries of the Holy Roman Empire, Frederick assumed (as Frederick I) the title of "King of Prussia" (1701),basing this promotion from margrave on his title to what were, in actuality, vast but less agriculturally valuable stretches ofsandy ground.
	www.therfcc.org /brandenburg-8248.html (994 words)

	Charles II "the Bald" Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Lothar gets all the lands extending between the Rhine and the Escaut, the Cambresis, the Hainaut, the country of Mezieres, and all the countships neighboring the Meuse, through the Saone and the Rhone, the Artois and Italy.
		Upon the death of his nephew, Lothar II on 8 August 869, Charles sped to Lotharingia and had himself crowned King of Lotharingia annointed on 9 September in the cathedral at Metz by Bishop Adventius of Metz and Archbishop Hincmar of Rheims.
		As soon as Louis II died on 12 August 875, Charles rushed to Italy and received the imperial crown and is annointed by Pope John VIII on 25 December 875.
	xpda.com /family/ind00274.htm (1401 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) never achieved the political unification that France did; a prolonged attempt at centralizing authority starting with Maximilian I (1493-1519) was wrecked by the Reformation and the ensuing wars, culminating with the Thirty Years War (1618-48) and the Treaty of Westphalia (1648).
		That is, he was "emperor elect": a term that did not imply that he was emperor-in-waiting or not yet fully emperor, but only that he was emperor by virtue of the election rather than papal coronation (by tradition, the style of rex Romanorum electus was retained between the election and the German coronation).
		The emperor was crowned by either the archbishop of Mainz or that of Trier, depending on the diocese in which the ceremony took place (in 1742, the archbishop of Cologne, brother of Emperor Karl VII, officiated with the consent of the archbishop of Mainz).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11238 words)

	FRANCIA
		Meanwhile, the language family that was displaced by the Romans in Gaul and by the Angles and Saxons in Britain persists in the "Celtic Fringe" of Ireland, Scotland, and Wales, including Brittany, which was actually colonized with refugees from Celtic Britain.
		In 1349 Count Humbert II (d.1355), the "Dauphin," simply sold the territory to the grandson of Philip VI, the prince who would later become Charles V. Thus, Charles became the first "Dauphin" of France, and as he was the Crown Prince from 1350-1364, this now became the traditional title of the Heir Apparent of France.
		The Emperor Charles IV was still formally crowned as King of Burgundy at Arles in 1365.
	www.friesian.org /francia.htm (14169 words)

	Worldroots.com
		1273 Hapsburg, Rudolf I of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
		1400 Wittelsbach, Rupert III of the Palatinate, Holy Roman Emperor
		1493 Habsburg, Maximilian I of Austria, Holy Roman Emperor
	worldroots.com /brigitte/romanemperors.htm (201 words)

	ANTIPOPE ANACLETUS II FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Pierloni was born to a powerful Roman family and, as second son, was destined to the Church.
		The most important of these was a duke, William_X_of_Aquitaine, who decided for the antipope against the will of his own bishops and the influential support of Roger_II_of_Sicily, whose title of "King of Sicily" Anacletus had approved shortly after his accession.
		Due to Roger's powerful support of Anacletus, Innocent II was forced to leave Rome and live in Pisa, while Anacletus occupied Rome.
	www.witwib.com /Antipope_Anacletus_II (342 words)

	Crusader States, Kings of Jerusalem & Cyprus, Templars, Hospitallers, Israel, etc.
		While the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, King Philip II of France, and the King of England all went on Crusade, Frederick died on the way, Philip soon left, and operations were mainly conducted by Richard I, the Lion-Hearted.
		William had been captured by John, brother of the Emperor Michael VIII Palaeologus, in 1259 and was ransomed with the cession of Laconia to the Romans in 1261 (beginning the Despotate of the Morea).
		At the death of Isabella, Philip II of Taranto, a son of Charles II was then able to set aside her second husband, Philip of Savoy, and her daughter, Matilda, and return Achaea to the Anjevians.
	www.friesian.com /outremer.htm (13741 words)

	Friedberg, Hesse . Hohenstaufen . Holy Roman Empire . Hesse-Darmstadt . Prussia . World War II . Elvis Presley
		Hohenstaufen was a dynasty of List of German Kings and Emperors Kings of Germany, many of whom were also crowned Holy Roman Emperor and Duke of Swabia Dukes of Swabia.
		Frederick and Conrad, the two current male Staufens, were grandsons of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor and nephews of Henry IV.
		After the death of the intervening king and emperor Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor Lothar II of Supplinburg, in 1137, Conrad became Conrad III of Germany.
	www.uk.knowledge-info.org /Friedberg,_Hesse-UK-6404664-sa (516 words)

	History of Germany (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although in these Mediterranean countries the Roman principle finally prevailed, being that of a more advanced civilization, still the individualistic forces which contributed to found these states were not wasted.
		It was only as the "Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation" that Germany could develop from a union of German tribes to a compact nation.
		Shortly after World War II, Berlin became the seat of the Allied Control Council, which was to have governed Germany as a whole until the conclusion of a peace settlement.
	www.historyofnations.net /europe/germany.html (3649 words)

	HRE Emperor List
		Henry II of Saxony, king 1002-1014, emperor 1014-1024
		Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor, king 1125-1133, emperor 1133-1137
		Napoleon abolished the Holy Roman Empire, but the Austrian and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire continued to 1918.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/hre_emperor_list.htm (155 words)

	Timeline 600CE to 999CE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		802 In Cambodia Jayavarman II proclaimed himself a "universal monarch" in a ritual that united religion and politics and gave rise to the cult of the Devaraja (deified king).
		He was the youngest son of Louis the German and was crowned emperor by Pope John VIII in 881 and became king of all the East Franks in 882, succeeding his brother Louis the Younger.
		877 Oct 6, Charles II the Kale, King of France and Roman emperor (875-77), died at 54.
	timelines.ws /0600AD_999AD.HTML (10742 words)

	EMPEROR (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Search the EMPEROR Family Message Boards at Ancestry.com (if available).
		Search the EMPEROR Family Resource Center at RootsWeb.com (if available).
		Find graves of people named EMPEROR at Find-a-Grave.com (or add one that you know).
	www.worldhistory.com /surname/US/E/EMPEROR.htm (73 words)

	I6880: Henry V of Germany, Holy Roman EMPEROR (8 Jan 1081 - 23 May 1125)
		Louis I, the Pious of Aquitaine, King of France, Holy Roman EMPEROR
		--Otto II of Saxony, Holy Roman EMPEROR
		--Otto III of Saxony, Holy Roman EMPEROR
	freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com /~jboales/d0002/g0000291.html (1972 words)

	Lothar I Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Children: King Louis II of Italy, Lothair II of Lorraine, Duchess Ermengarde of Moselle
		Parents: Louis I "the Pious" Holy Roman Emperor, Judith Empress of Bavaria
		Siblings: Princess of France, Louis II King of East Franks, Adelaide, Gisela of France, Charles II "the Bald" Holy Roman Emperor
	xpda.com /family/ind01012.htm (221 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
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		Other descriptions of Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor
		Click for other authoritative sources for this topic (summarised at Factbites.com).
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lothar-II,-Holy-Roman-Emperor (217 words)

	Holy Roman Emp+Kg of Italy Ludwig II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Holy Roman Emp+Kg of Italy Ludwig II Born: 825
		Father: Holy Roman Emp+King of Bavaria Lothar I
		Child: Holy Roman Emp+Kg of Italy Ludwig II
	worldroots.com /cgi-bin/gasteldb?@I05241@ (33 words)

	1127 explained (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Conrad III establishes the Hohenstaufen dynasty when he is crowned antiking to the Holy Roman Emperor, Lothar II.
		First coalition of the Norman princes against Roger II of Sicily.
		The minaret of Kalyan is completed in Bukhara in present day Uzbekistan.
	www.wordspider.net /11/1127.html (249 words)

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