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Topic: Lotus effect

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	Lotus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Indian or Sacred Lotus and the American Lotus of the genus Nelumbo (family Nelumbonaceae), a sacred plant of Hinduism and Buddhism.
		The Lotus-eaters of the Odyssey are thought to have eaten a species of jujube, Ziziphus lotus; this could be the lotus tree that the mythological Lotis had been transformed into.
		The lotus effect describes self-cleaning super-hydrophobic micro- to nano-structured surfaces.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lotus (262 words)

	Lotus Seed: Food and Medicine
		Lotus stems are used in preparing salads and the dried flowers are used in cooked dishes, such as Mandarin Duck and Lotus Flowers; the fresh flowers are a common decoration.
		Lotus stems (hegeng) are used medicinally in the same way as the leaves for treatment of summer heat and are used also to treat tightness in the chest due to obstruction of qi circulation.
		Lotus stamen (lianxu) is sweet, astringent, and neutral, benefiting the heart and kidney; it is mainly used for preventing discharge, such as treatment of leukorrhea or for frequent urination.
	www.itmonline.org /arts/lotus.htm (1778 words)

	Lotus Flower Essence, by Rupa Shah, MD
		As the lotus awakens and blooms at the first rays of the morning sun, the interdependence between the lotus and the sun is a symbol of love.
		In Buddhist tradition, the fully-opened lotus has a strong solar character, and its petals are likened to the rays of the sun; it is a symbol of enlightenment.
		Given the lotus plant's potency as a symbol, and its thousands of years of association with spiritual practice in many traditions, we believe that this essence is the foremost flower essence on this planet.
	www.essences.com /vibration/may02/lotus.html (982 words)

	Grand Prix Cars - Lotus-Ford 79
		The edges were sealed against the ground with brush-like skirts, which is important to prevent outside air from interfering with air passing beneath the car and thus spoiling the effect.
		Lotus won the Constructor’s title with Andretti and Peterson taking first and second places in the drivers’ classification.
		While the Lotus 79 was head and shoulders above the opposition in 1978, being the only proper ground-effect car, Lotus was somewhat caught sleeping at the beginning of 1979.
	www.ddavid.com /formula1/lotus79.htm (1030 words)

	Paul's Formula 1 Page - Team Lotus
		Team Lotus have the nucleus of what was the F1 racing team at their base in Wymondham and have made tentative plans to get back into Formula 1 in 1999.
		Lotus, who left F1 at the end of 1994, were being linked with the possible empty 12th spot on the list of competing constructors now that Honda (since the death of Harvey Postlethwaite) will not, after all, be entering a team next year and will instead just be supplying engines to BAR and Jordan.
		Under the Lotus name Hunt would be able to move the team to England where there is a larger pool of F1 talent to draw from, something that Alain Prost has been unable to do with the former Ligier team.
	www.f1page.com /f1lotus.html (999 words)

	Lotus effect shakes off dirt (November 2002) - News - nanotechweb.org
		The lotus - a flowering wetland plant native to Asia - may not, at first glance, be of interest to the nanotechnologist.
		The effect arises because lotus leaves have a very fine surface structure and are coated with hydrophobic wax crystals of around 1 nm in diameter.
		Dubbed lotus stone, the material has potential for use in the construction industry, in applications such as facing tiles.
	www.nanotechweb.org /articles/news/1/11/5/1 (388 words)

	Legend of the Lotus
		The golden lotus that is mentioned in Buddhist sutras has two meanings, one is the symbol for the achievement of enlightenment and the other points towards a real flower which is beyond our normal perception.
		The white lotus, born in the water and grown in the water, rises beyond the water and remains unsoiled by the water.
		When I see a lotus blossom now, or, what is more likely, the leaf of a cauliflower or tulip, I marvel at the ingenuity of nature in bringing forth, after a hundred million years of evolution, such pristine beauty through such an exquisite design.
	platinumlotus.com /lotus_legend.html (2507 words)

	FACTOR FOUR - lotus-effect
		So far, the lotus effect may be found in house paint, tiles, glass panes and plastic sheets.
		Lotus vehicle windshields increase road safety as the water- and dirt-repellent surfaces improve visibility and allow quicker reaction to road hazards.
		The lotus effect in house paint is disputed.
	www.wupperinst.org /FactorFour/best-practices/lotus-effect.html (555 words)

	AU Imaizumi-Anraku, H
		The pasture legumes Lotus uliginosus (Schk.) and Lotus corniculatus (L.), known to differ in their tolerance to flooding, were inoculated with Rhizobium loti and flooded for 60 d while subjected to two levels of dissolved pO2: 0.241 and 0.094 micromoles ml-(-1).
		Facilitative effect of Lotus tenuis on Paspalum dilatatum in a lowland grassland of Argentina.
		Effect of competition on the responses of grasses and legumes to elevated atmospheric CO along a nitrogen gradient: differences between isolated plants, monocultures and multi-species mixtures.
	www.psu.missouri.edu /lnl/v30/literature.htm (16240 words)

	Lotus with Stone
		A symbol for karma, the law of cause and effect, the lotus is a female generative symbol, incorporating all four elements unified.
		The lotus roots in earth, floats in water, breathes in air, and grows by the fire of the sun.
		The lotus is sacred to Laksmi and Kali, and in Egypt to Hathor.
	www.markdefrates.com /pages/lotus.html (70 words)

	Chemical & Engineering News NanoFocus: MULTILAYERS AND WATER DON'T MIX (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The water-repulsion, or lotus effect, is due to a hydrophobic coat on the leaf that is roughened on the nanoscale, resulting in reduced contact area between the water droplets and the leaf's surface.
		To create the lotus effect, the FSU group, led by chemistry professor Joseph B. Schlenoff, prepared ultrahydrophobic nanocomposite films from a novel combination of fluorinated polyanions and polycations and the mineral attapulgite [Angew.
		"In the lotus effect, the surface of the leaf is rough on the micrometer scale and decorated with hydrophobic wax particles on the nanometer scale," Schlenoff explains.
	pubs.acs.org /cen/nanofocus/top/83/8306water.html (1391 words)

	The Land of the Lotus Smokers
		Lotus flowers followed by Cannabis: Cannabis tops smoked at approximately three hours after smoking the Lotus flowers amplified the effects, but did not change them otherwise.
		The Lotus effects were not replaced or overlain by the Cannabis.
		The Cannabis effects were primarily unnoticeable except as accentuating the effects already present from the Lotus flowers.
	www.tacethno.com /info/nelumbo/lotussmokers.html (1409 words)

	The lotus beaters
		They do not admire the aquatic flower's striking beauty or its remarkable hardiness (lotus seeds freed from the pyramids reportedly germinated) but its leaves, its very clean leaves.
		Lotus leaves' water-repellency depends as much on the bumpy leaf surface as on its waxy coating.
		Lotus leaves do not have this problem because they continuously replace their waxy layer.
	www.mindswap.org /2002/nature/000810-4.xml (554 words)

	Evaporation Cooling Model of Surface Tension
		The technique used by lotus plants (nelumbo nucifera) was discovered by Botanists Wilhelm Barthlott and Christoph Neinhuis of the University of Bonn in Germany.
		In particular, lotus blossoms (the easiest to clean) were coated with tiny hydrophobic particles.
		While this is true for most surfaces, the nanoscale topography of a lotus leaf allows it to contact the drop only in very localized areas.
	www.nanoword.net /library/weekly/aa072300b.htm (521 words)

	Analytical psychology and Buddhism of Nichiren Daishonin
		The lotus flower is considered the symbol of the simultaneousness of cause and effect, because it produces seeds and flowers at the same time.
		Buddhism teaches that on a deeper level, cause and effect are simultaneous, because the present instant is the result of all causes, which have been defined since the infinite past, and the beginning of everything, which will happen in the future.
		On the one hand, karma has been defined as the totality of causes and effects which we put into existence in the past and which have a deep influence on our present actions; on the other hand, according to Jung, the collective unconscious, formed by the archetypes, is innate and inherited.
	www.buddhistinformation.com /analytical_psychology_and_buddhi.htm (4028 words)

	News detail (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Lotus flower (Nelumbo nucifera) is the symbol of purity in several Asian religions.
		The explanation for the effect lies in two physical characteristics: the properties of these microstructures repel water and the nanostructures found on top of the microstructures are made of waxy materials which are badly wettable.
		The Lotus Shower has two main features: a ventilation system creating airflow from the top to bottom of the shower cabin to make the water move to the drain at the bottom in zero-gravity.
	www.isunet.edu /EN/16&actuid=83&origine=15 (416 words)

	Network Externalities in Microcomputer Software: An Econometric Analysis of the Spreadsheet Market
		Therefore, direct assessment of network externalities would examine the effects of the actual installed bases of competing products, including those which were not compatible with the dominant standard, on their prices.
		Lotus 1-2-3 was touted as the single most successful computer application ever, and a key ingredient in the success of the highly popular IBM PC platform (Cringely, 1992, p.
		This reduced the benefits to new users of adopting the Lotus standard, since the prevailing standard, in the sense of widest use, was not Lotus-based.
	ccs.mit.edu /papers/CCSWP158/CCSWP158.html (11681 words)

	The Lotus Effect
		Lotus art can be found on the Internet by using the keywords "lotus blossom." Electron microscope photos of Dr. Barthlott's research are also available on the Internet at: www.botanik.unibonn.
		Lotus is the name of a car, a perfume, a spreadsheet application, a corporation.
		The most lucrative application of this lotus biotech development may be the possibility of a self-cleaning paint for automobiles, making washing cars a thing of the past.
	www.homileticsonline.com /subscriber/btl_display.asp?installment_id=2467 (2657 words)

	ASU researchers demonstrate new nanotech effect - moving water molecules by light
		The ASU team theorized and then proved that a change in water wettability — the ability of the water molecules to easily move across a surface — when induced by light can be significantly amplified through a combination of very high nanoscale roughness and chemically coating the surface with molecules.
		The lotus leaf effect is a fairly well known phenomenon that combines the microscopically rough surface of the plant's leaves with a waxy chemical coating and leads to high water repellency and self-cleaning of the surface.
		What appears to aid this effect is tiny 'nanowires' on the surface of a material, the ASU researchers said.
	www.eurekalert.org /pub_releases/2004-07/asu-ard072904.php (893 words)

	ETH Zürich - Broadcast Tip: Lotus Effect (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The lotus effect was investigated by Lukas Schneider from Solothurn and Marc Bachofner from Effretikon.
		Within the framework of the Swiss Youth Research Program "Schweizer Jugend Forscht", the two students were guests at the Laboratory for Surface Science and Technology and attempted to copy the self-cleaning lotus effect using water-repellent, microstructured surfaces.
		The science broadcast MTW on SF1 shows how the two young researchers investigated the lotus effect on the original (banana leaf) and on artificially fabricated metal surfaces by means of scanning electron microscopy and other methods.
	www.ethz.ch /news/ethupdate/2004/040302_1/index_EN (156 words)

	Turning the lotus effect on its head (April 2005) - News - nanotechweb.org
		The leaf is a symbol of purity in many cultures because of its ability to remain clean: when rain falls onto a lotus leaf, the drops of water that form on the surface roll off, taking any dirt with them.
		However, two researchers in the US have now discovered that although lotus leaves are superhydrophobic as far as droplets of water are concerned, they are actually hydrophilic with respect to condensed water vapour (Y-T Cheng and D Rodak 2005 Appl.
		Microscope observations reveal that the waxy surface of the lotus leaf is made of micron-sized bumps that, in turn, are covered with nanoscale hair-like tubes (figure 1).
	nanotechweb.org /articles/news/4/4/5?alert=1 (378 words)

	student - 114-04-05: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Lotus 23 is an honest and conscious approach to umbrella design.
		Lotus 23 is designed with form, function, personality and age in mind.
		Lotus 23 is not meant to be sold as a cheap, mass produced umbrella like its competition.
	www.designawards.com.au /ADA/04-05/student/114/114.htm (775 words)

	The Lotus Flower
		Hence the title “Lotus” Sutra, one of whose main messages is the simultaneity of cause and effect.
		Of course, it may not appear visibly right away, but the moment we chant to get that job, solve a relationship problem, overcome an illness or whatever, we are guaranteed to see a result.
		“The Lotus Sutra speaks of the pure white lotus rising from the waters of a muddy pond,” writes SGI President Ikeda.
	www.sgi-usa.org /publications/world_tribune/b2b/thelotusflower.htm (653 words)

	techMonroe Street Journal
		Lotus Notes saved Lotus Corporation from the continuous downhill sales slope common to most other personal application developers (except, of course, Microsoft).
		Lotus 1-2-3, the popular spreadsheet program of the 1980's and the DOS world, still exists as part of Lotus' SmartSuite office software, but has followed the poor performance of other dominant programs of that time, such as WordPerfect, which did not anticipate and adjust to the Windows world.
		A company can use Lotus Notes to store all of its cumulative knowledge, create applications on the Lotus Notes platform which allow them to effectively manage this information, and use e-mail and the web to send this information to anyone automatically.
	www.umich.edu /~msjrnl/backmsj/092297/tech.html (1722 words)

	Moving Water Molecules By Light
		This is a far better way than current methods such as damaging electric fields and opens the way to a new class of microfluidic devices used in analytical chemistry and for pharmaceutical research.
		The ASU team theorized and then proved that a change in water wettability -- the ability of the water molecules to easily move across a surface -- when induced by light can be significantly amplified through a combination of very high nanoscale roughness and chemically coating the surface with molecules.
		The paper is called "Lotus Effect Amplifies Light-Induced Contact Angle Switching" and is available here if you're an American Chemical Society (ACS) subscriber or if you decide to purchase it for $25.
	radio.weblogs.com /0105910/2004/07/31.html (600 words)

	Heart Cut - March 29, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The lotus has long been extolled as the "beauty of purity" in Oriental cultures, as evidenced by the lotus eulogies of Chinese poets in ancient times.
		The purity of the lotus is attributed to the water- and soil-repellent characteristics of its micro- and nanostructured surfaces.
		Optical measurements confirmed the effect of the defects on the position of a photonic band gap.
	www.acs.org /portal/a/c/s/1/acsdisplay.html?DOC=heartcut\archive\032904_heartcut.html (1063 words)

	ACCEPTABILITY OF LOTUS CORNICULATUS AND LOTUS ULIGINOSUS AS A FOOD SOURCE FOR NON-PEST BUTTERFLY LARVAE
		The potential effects of sown legumes on the wildlife of agricultural ecosystems is a subject that has received scant attention.
		In the United Kingdom sown Lotus is still of negligible agricultural importance, though wild lotus is a constituent of semi-natural grasslands where it is an important food source for the larvae of several butterfly species.
		Investigation of the excretory products revealed that for the wild lotus the larvae were able to assimilate a high proportion (44%) of their carbon intake, whereas for cv.
	www.psu.missouri.edu /lnl/v29/Hopkins.htm (542 words)

	Science Line - Science News - Lotus effect shakes off dirt (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The leaves of Lotus plants are coated with minute wax crystals around 1 nm in diameter which repel water, droplets falling onto them bead up and, if the surface slopes slightly, will roll off.
		At the nanoscale rough surfaces are more effective in repelling water than smooth ones as there is less contact between water and solid.
		This rough structure is also essential to the self-cleaning effect - on a smooth surface, water droplets slide rather than roll and do not pick up dirt particles to the same extent.
	www.sciencenet.org.uk:16080 /news/2002/1102/lotus.html (259 words)

	ThinkCycle: Open Collaborative Design (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In doing so, the lotus leaf protects itself from disease, by eliminating spores and also ensuring the leaf surface stays dry to inhibit germination.
		A number of applications of the "Lotus Effect" are on the market, including an exterior facade paint (Lotusan) introduced by Ipso in 1999 with a 5-year cleanliness guarantee without washing or sandblasting, and roof tiles by Erlus.
		Professor Wilhelm Barthlott has been studying the properties of leaves for over 20 years - the science as well as the technology were available, but the apparent contradiction that surfaces need to be rough to stay clean inhibited commercial applications.
	www.thinkcycle.org /tc-notes/show-note?tc_note_id=40758 (173 words)

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