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Topic: Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor

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Lothar I, Holy Roman Emperor

Lothair, King of Lotharingia

Louis III of East Francia

Louis the German

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Louis the Pious

Louis III of France

Lothar II, Holy Roman Emperor

Charles the Bald

List of German Kings and Emperors

Zwentibold

Treaty of Mersen

Carloman, King of the West Franks

	Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844.
		He at once preferred a claim to the rights of an emperor in the city, which claim was decisively rejected; but in 850 he was crowned joint emperor at Rome by Pope Leo IV, and soon afterwards married his cousin, Engelberga, a daughter of King Louis the German, and undertook the independent government of Italy.
		But after Louis had secured the election of Pope Nicholas I in 858, he became reconciled with his brother, and received some lands south of the Jura mountains in return for assistance given to Lothair in his efforts to obtain a divorce from his wife, Teutberga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (767 words)

	Encyclopedia: Louis IX of France
		Louis' patronage of the arts drove much innovation in Gothic art and architecture, and the style of his court radiated throughout Europe by both the purchase of art objects from Parisian masters for export and by the marriage of the king's many daughters to foreign husbands and their subsequent introduction of Parisian models elsewhere.
		Louis was more successful in preventing feuds between his own nobles: between the counts of Brittany and Champagne over the succession to Navarre; the dauphin of Vienne (Guigues VII.) and Charles of Anjou; the count of Burgundy and the count of Chalons; Henry of Luxemburg and the duke of Lorraine with the count of Bar.
		Louis is often described as "one of the greatest of all French kings" because of his many accomplishments which included improving the tax system, simplifying administration, extending the appellate jurisdiction of the crown to all cases, encouraging the use of Roman Law, and building the first French navy.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Louis-IX-of-France (6380 words)

	Louis II - TheBestLinks.com - Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis the German, TheBestLinks.com:Disambiguation, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Louis II - TheBestLinks.com - Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis the German, TheBestLinks.com:Disambiguation, Ludwig II of Bavaria,...
		Louis II, Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia, Louis the German...
		Louis II of Hungary and Bohemia (1506-1526, reigning 1516-1526)
	www.thebestlinks.com /Louis_II.html (184 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		After the death of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII the Luxemburg party among the electors set aside Henry’s son, John of Luxemburg, because of his youth and chose Louis as rival king to Frederick the Fair.
		The popes Clement V and his successor John XXII refused to approve Louis’s election and, claiming that the imperial throne was vacant, declared the Holy Roman Empire to be under papal rule.
		In 1327–30 Louis was in Italy, where he was crowned emperor by the representatives of the Roman people, and set up Pietro Rainalducci as Antipope Nicholas V. Rainalducci was soon reconciled with the pope, however, and Louis unsuccessfully attempted to reach a settlement.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Louis4HRE.html (419 words)

	Roman Emperors DIR Heraclonas
		Constans II, son of Heraclius Constantine and Gregoria, was born in Constantinople on November 7, 630.
		The emperor Heraclonas, because of public pressure after the death of Heraclius Constantine, crowned his nephew Constans as co-emperor in September of 641, at the age of 11.
		With the assassination of Constans II at the age of thirty-seven, Constantine IV became emperor.
	www.roman-emperors.org /Constan2.htm (1142 words)

	Louis II
		Louis II Louis II Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844.
		In the early centuries of the Roman Empire it was used as the name of an Arab tribe in the Sinai, apparently taken from the Arabic word sharqiyyin (easterners).
		Louis was an excellent ruler, of whom it was said "in his time there was great peace, because every one could enjoy his own possessions".
	home.comcast.net /~desilva22/louisii.htm (682 words)

	Timeline Holy Roman Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The Catholic heir to the Hapsburg dynasty, Charles V, was elected Holy Roman Emperor, combining the crowns of Spain, Burgundy (with the Netherlands), Austria and Germany.
		1576 Rudolf II was crowned King of the Holy Roman Empire and moved the Imperial Court from Vienna to Prague.
		1640 Jun 9, Leopold I, Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire (1658-1705), was born.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/countries/HOLY_ROMAN_EMP.HTML (2895 words)

	Courtly Lives - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
		Ferdinand I, later a Holy Roman Emperor, was born in Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain, on March 10, 1503, and died in Vienna on July 27, 1564.
		Maximilian II was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Albrecht I (1248-1308), Holy Roman Emperor, and Duke of Austria in 1282.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/MaximilianI.html (1623 words)

	Anastasius Bibliothecarius
		Language scholar, Roman cardinal, and influential political counselor to 9th-century popes.
		Representing the Holy Roman emperor, the Frank Louis II (c.
		Included in Anastasius' major writings are commentaries on the influential 6th-century Neoplatonic philosopher Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite and probably the accounts of Popes Nicholas I and Adrian II in the Liber pontificalis (Latin: "The Book of the Popes"), an essential source for the history of primitive Christianity.
	www.orbilat.com /Encyclopaedia/A/Anastasius_Bibliothecarius.html (308 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - The Holy Roman Emperor
		Charles I of Spain, II of Holland, I of Austria.
		Formal end of the Holy Roman Empire (First Reich) as it is dissolved by Emperor Napoleon I of France (the Prussian-led Second Reich forms in 1871).
		The Habsburg emperors revert to their Austrian title, raising the former archduchy to the status of Austrian Empire, as it still holds almost all its eastern territories.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHRE.htm (513 words)

	AllRefer.com - Leopold II, Holy Roman emperor, king of Bohemia and Hungary (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Leopold II 1747–92, Holy Roman emperor (1790–92), king of Bohemia and Hungary (1790–92), as Leopold I grand duke of Tuscany (1765–90), third son of Maria Theresa.
		When Leopold succeeded (1790) his brother Joseph II as emperor and as ruler of the Hapsburg lands, he took over a nearly disrupted state.
		Having reached an agreement (1790) with Frederick William II of Prussia, who wished to prevent Austrian expansion in the east and was about to side with the Ottoman Empire (Turkey) in its war against Russia and Austria, Leopold abandoned his alliance with the Russian czarina, Catherine II.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Leopo2HRE.html (453 words)

	the Holy Roman Empire
		The Holy Roman Empire (HRE) never achieved the political unification that France did; a prolonged attempt at centralizing authority starting with Maximilian I (1493-1519) was wrecked by the Reformation and the ensuing wars, culminating with the Thirty Years War (1618-48) and the Treaty of Westphalia (1648).
		That is, he was "emperor elect": a term that did not imply that he was emperor-in-waiting or not yet fully emperor, but only that he was emperor by virtue of the election rather than papal coronation (by tradition, the style of rex Romanorum electus was retained between the election and the German coronation).
		The emperor was crowned by either the archbishop of Mainz or that of Trier, depending on the diocese in which the ceremony took place (in 1742, the archbishop of Cologne, brother of Emperor Karl VII, officiated with the consent of the archbishop of Mainz).
	www.heraldica.org /topics/national/hre.htm (11303 words)

	Louis "I" "the Pious" "the Meek" "the Fair" de AQUITAINE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Louis sought to provide for an orderly succession by decreeing in 817 that his eldest son, Lothair, would inherit the empire and that his two younger sons, Pepin of Aquitaine and Louis II (Louis the German), would hold subordinate kingdoms within the empire.
		The emperor then had a fourth son, Charles, by his second wife, who was determined that her son would not be excluded from the royal inheritance.
		Louis the German received the lands east of the Rhine, and Charles the Bald those west of the Rhône, the Saône, the Meuse, and the Schelde (Escaut).
	homepage.mac.com /james_keller/PS35/PS35_191.HTML (528 words)

	I13721: Charles III the Fat (Holy Roman Emperor & II King of Fra) (839 - 888) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		son of Emperor Louis II and the great-grandson of Charlemagne.
		Emperor Lothair I and King Louis II of Germany.
		Louis II (846-79), but the imperial throne was vacant until 881.
	www.oblevins.com /Blevins/D0000/G0000015.html (773 words)

	Timeline Germany to 1820 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		c4CE Romans terraced the steep slopes of the Mosel River for the cultivation of grapes.
		Emperor Maximilian visited Ensisheim 15 days after the fall and ordered that the stone be preserved in the local church.
		1552 Jul 18, Rudolf II of Habsburg, emperor of Germany (1576-1612), was born.
	www.bonus.com /contour/timelines_history/http@@/timelines.ws/countries/GERM_TO_1820.HTML (12517 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Francis II ruled thereafter as Francis I of the Austrian Empire (established in 1804).
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	ADRIAN II (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		ADRIAN II A member of the same family as Popes Stephen IV and Sergius III, Adrian II had twice refused the papacy before his election in 867.
		The pope had difficulties with Lothair II that ended with the emperor's death in 869; the pope anathametized Patriarch Photios of Constantinople, an act upheld by the fourth council of Constantinople.
		His last public act as pope was to crown Louis II Holy Roman Emperor at Pentecost, 872.
	www.thesacredheart.com /sts/sa0098.htm (123 words)

	Louis the Stammerer
		Louis II, King of France, called "le Bègue" or "the Stammerer", was a son of Charles the Bald, Holy Roman Emperor and king of the West Franks, and was born on the 1st of November 846.
		Having made extensive concessions to the nobles both clerical and lay, he was crowned king by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, on the 8th of December following, and in September 878 he took advantage of the presence of Pope John VIII at the council of Troyes to be consecrated afresh.
		The king is described as "un homme simple et doux, aimant la paix, la justice et la religion." By his first wife, Ansgarde, a Burgundian princess, he had two sons, his successors, Louis III and Carloman; by his second wife, Adelaide, he had a posthumous son, Charles the Simple, who also became king of France.
	www.nndb.com /people/182/000093900 (223 words)

	I4052: Louis II le Jeune (of the Holy Roman Empire) (ABT 0822 - 31 Aug 0875) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Louis II, (825 — 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 - 875),eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king ofItaly in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crownedking at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844.
		He at once preferred a claim to the rights of an emperor in the city,which claim was decisively rejected; but in 850 he was crowned jointemperor at Rome by Pope Leo IV, and soon afterwards married hiscousin, Engelberga, a daughter of King Louis the German, and undertookthe independent government of Italy.
		Louis was an excellent ruler, of whom it was said "in his time therewas great peace, because every one could enjoy his own possessions".
	www.tedpack.org /people/d0000/g0000044.html (797 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		Aëtius was the son of a Roman mother and a Scythian father.
		Ironically, the last dynasty (Vaudemont) had been transplanted from Lorraine into Tuscany, and the last Emperor of all (Francis II) was a serious, capable, and studious fellow with a very Roman sense of gravitas, who was born in and spent his youth amidst the sunny hills of central Italy.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	Holy Roman Empire -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Pope Stephen II (752–757) thought that only drastic action could save the city, and he set off to cross the Alps—the first time a bishop of Rome had journeyed to northern Europe—to make a personal...
		To the east of France lay the Holy Roman Empire with its capital at Vienna.
		Her son Joseph II, who had become coruler with his mother on the death of his father, succeeded her in 1780.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9106284?source=RSSOTD (858 words)

	Benedict III -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The election was not immediately confirmed by the Holy Roman emperor Louis II the Bavarian, who set up Anastasius the Librarian as antipope.
		A Roman Catholic institution, it was founded in 1887 and is sponsored by the Sisters of the Order of St. Benedict, who make up part of the faculty.
		A Roman Catholic, all-male institution, it was founded in 1857 and is sponsored by the Benedictines of St. John's Abbey.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9078558 (769 words)

	thePeerage.com - Person Page 10321
		Louis II 'the German', King of the East Franks (M) b.
		Louis II 'the German', King of the East Franks was born circa 805.
		Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor was born circa 822.
	www.thepeerage.com /p10321.htm (592 words)

	History Channel Search Results
		He was the fourth son of Holy Roman Emperor Louis I; his mother, Louis's second wife, was Judith of Bavaria.
		Nevertheless, when Holy Roman Emperor Louis II died in 875, Charles received the imperial crown through the favor of Pope John VIII.
		Charles was succeeded as king of France by his son, Louis II (846–79), but the imperial throne was vacant until 881.
	www.historychannel.com /thcsearch/thc_resourcedetail.do?encyc_id=205289 (212 words)

	Louis XVI (1754-1793), Reigned 1774-1793
		King of France from 1774, grandson of Louis XV and son of Louis the Dauphin.
		Louis married Marie Antoinette, the daughter of Empress Maria Teresa of Austria, in 1770 when she was only fourteen.
		Louis attempted to flee France in 1791 but was prevented.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp61394 (416 words)

	Timeline France to 1649
		1409 Jan 9, Rene' d'Anjou (d.1480) was born the son and 3rd child of Duke Louis II of Anjou and Yolande of Aragon at Angers in the Maine-and-Loire region of western France.
		The Roman Catholic Church recognized Joan of Arc as a saint in 1920.
		Louis XII of France called the council to oppose the Holy League of Pope Julius II.
	timelines.ws /countries/FRANCE00_1649.HTML (13141 words)

	thePeerage.com - Name Index 8
		Louis 'the Young', King of the East Franks d.
		Louis II 'the German', King of the East Franks b.
		Louis II 'the Stammerer', Roi de France b.
	www.thepeerage.com /i8.htm (171 words)

	Timeline 600CE to 999CE
		802 In Cambodia Jayavarman II proclaimed himself a "universal monarch" in a ritual that united religion and politics and gave rise to the cult of the Devaraja (deified king).
		He was the youngest son of Louis the German and was crowned emperor by Pope John VIII in 881 and became king of all the East Franks in 882, succeeding his brother Louis the Younger.
		879 Apr 10, Louis II, the Stutterer, King of France (877-79), died and Louis III was crowned King of France.
	timelines.ws /0600AD_999AD.HTML (10742 words)

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