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	Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis IV of Bavaria (also known as Ludwig the Bavarian) of the House of Wittelsbach (born 1282) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.
		Louis IV was a protector of the Teutonic Knights.
		Louis VI the Roman (1328–1365), duke of Upper Bavaria, elector of Brandenburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1437 words)

	Louis II, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis II, (825 – 875), Holy Roman Emperor (sole ruler 855 – 875), eldest son of the emperor Lothair I, became the designated king of Italy in 839, and taking up his residence in that country was crowned king at Rome by Pope Sergius II on June 15, 844.
		He at once preferred a claim to the rights of an emperor in the city, which claim was decisively rejected; but in 850 he was crowned joint emperor at Rome by Pope Leo IV, and soon afterwards married his cousin, Engelberga, a daughter of King Louis the German, and undertook the independent government of Italy.
		But after Louis had secured the election of Pope Nicholas I in 858, he became reconciled with his brother, and received some lands south of the Jura mountains in return for assistance given to Lothair in his efforts to obtain a divorce from his wife, Teutberga.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_II_Holy_Roman_Emperor (790 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		After the death of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII the Luxemburg party among the electors set aside Henry’s son, John of Luxemburg, because of his youth and chose Louis as rival king to Frederick the Fair.
		The popes Clement V and his successor John XXII refused to approve Louis’s election and, claiming that the imperial throne was vacant, declared the Holy Roman Empire to be under papal rule.
		Meanwhile, the pope, Clement VI, took advantage of the hostility to Louis and deposed him (1346), securing the election of a new German king, Charles of Luxemburg (later Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV).
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Louis4HRE.html (419 words)

	Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor
		Louis IV Louis's death (1347), the popular desire for peace, which was fostered by the ravages of the Black Death (bubonic plague), and the absence of a strong leader to unite the opposition enabled Charles to make good his claim to the crown by 1349.
		As Holy Roman emperor, his reputation rests mainly on the Golden Bull, which, although it confirmed the weakness of the imperial power, provided a stable constitutional foundation for its exercise.
		Holy Roman Empire: Emperors - Charlemagne (Charles I), emperor of the West (800–814), Carolingian king of the Franks...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0811422.html (503 words)

	AllRefer.com - Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Louis IV or Louis the Bavarian, 1287?–1347, Holy Roman emperor (1328–47) and German king (1314–47), duke of Upper Bavaria.
		In 1327–30 Louis was in Italy, where he was crowned emperor by the representatives of the Roman people, and set up Pietro Rainalducci as Antipope Nicholas V. Rainalducci was soon reconciled with the pope, however, and Louis unsuccessfully attempted to reach a settlement.
		Louis was successfully resisting his rival when he was killed in a hunting accident.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Louis4HRE.html (505 words)

	AllRefer.com - Charles IV, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Charles IV 1316–78, Holy Roman emperor (1355–78), German king (1347–78), and king of Bohemia (1346–78).
		The son of John of Luxemburg, Charles was educated at the French court and fought the English at CrEcy, where his father's heroic death made him king of Bohemia.
		Louis's death (1347), the popular desire for peace, which was fostered by the ravages of the Black Death (bubonic plague), and the absence of a strong leader to unite the opposition enabled Charles to make good his claim to the crown by 1349.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/C/Charles4HRE.html (594 words)

	Courtly Lives - Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
		Cunegunda (1465-1520) married Albrecht IV of Bavaria in 1487.
		Maximilian II was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire, and King of Bohemia and Hungary.
		Albrecht I (1248-1308), Holy Roman Emperor, and Duke of Austria in 1282.
	www.angelfire.com /mi4/polcrt/MaximilianI.html (1623 words)

	Timeline: 1300-1400 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor at civil war withhis rival, Frederick of Austria.
		Holy Roman Emperor Louis IV invades Italy and declares Pope John XXII deposed.
		Declaration of Rense: Electors of the Holy Roman Empire declare the empire to be a separate entity from the papacy.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/timeline_1300.html (2075 words)

	Issue of the So-called 'Holy Roman Empire'
		The use of the expression 'Holy Roman Empire' prior to 1254 is anachronistic.
		The term of 'Holy Roman Empire' was not used at the time of Charlemagne, who had the title of 'Occidentalis Imperator', according to the historians, using various translations ('Empereur d'Occident' in French).
		The Treaty of Verdun (843) divided the Carolingian empire among the sons of Louis I. Lothar I retained title of 'emperor' and the kingdom of Italy.
	xenophongroup.com /montjoie/hre-isu.htm (2235 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> 1329 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Wiesbaden is granted the right of coinage by Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor.
		Qutugtu Khan, ruler of the Mongol Empire (born 1300)
		Emperor Mingzong of Yuan China, and Grand Khan of the Mongol Empire (born 1320)
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/1329 (206 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - The Holy Roman Emperor
		The rule of the Holy Roman Empire falls to non-Frankish emperors when the weak Charles is deposed by the Germans.
		Formal end of the Holy Roman Empire (First Reich) as it is dissolved by Emperor Napoleon I of France (the Prussian-led Second Reich forms in 1871).
		The Habsburg emperors revert to their Austrian title, raising the former archduchy to the status of Austrian Empire, as it still holds almost all its eastern territories.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHRE.htm (513 words)

	Munich LANGUAGE SCHOOL EXPLORER
		Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.
		The current Roman Catholic Pope Benedict XVI (Joseph Ratzinger) was ordained a priest in the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising on June 29, 1951.
		Louis I managed to accquire such famous pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and the figures from the Aphaea temple on Aegina for the Glyptothek.
	www.school-explorer.com /info/Munich (5852 words)

	YourArt.com >> Encyclopedia >> 1282 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		March 30 - The Sicilian rebellion known as the Sicilian Vespers begins against the rule of Angevin King Charles I of Sicily; over the next six weeks, thousands of French are killed.
		Holy Roman Emperor Rudolph I of Germany invests his sons Albert I of Germany and Rudolph II of Austria as co-rulers of the duchies of Austria and Styria, thus founding the Habsburg dynasty in those territories.
		Floris V, Count of Holland defeats the Frisians at the battle of Vronen and retrieves the body of his father, some 26 years dead.
	www.yourart.com /research/encyclopedia.cgi?subject=/1282 (468 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor
		After the death of Holy Roman Emperor Henry VII the Luxemburg party among the electors set aside Henry's son, John of Luxemburg, because of his youth and chose Louis as rival king to
		Charles IV Louis was successfully resisting his rival when he was killed in a hunting accident.
		The ideal of unity; Russell Chamberlin examines the origins and development of Europe's persistent vision of unity from the birth of the Holy Roman Empire to its fall.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0830379.html (455 words)

	Facts about louis iv holy roman emperor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach, born 1282, was duke of Bavaria from 1294, duke of the Palatinate from 1329 and, after 1314, Holy Roman Emperor.
		Louis VI the Roman, duke of Bavaria, born 1330
		Otto V the Bavarian, Duke of Bavaria, born 1346
	www.supercrawler.com /Facts/louis_iv__holy_roman_emperor.html (218 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The FOURTEENTH Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Louis IV the Bavarian released Frederick III from prison.
		Louis IV the Bavarian invades Italy and occupies Rome.
		The Bishop of Troyes declares the Holy Shroud to be spurious (false).
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/14cent.html (3178 words)

	Louis IV - TheBestLinks.com - Holy Roman Emperor, TheBestLinks.com:Disambiguation, Louis IV of France, Disambig, ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Louis IV - TheBestLinks.com - Holy Roman Emperor, TheBestLinks.com:Disambiguation, Louis IV of France, Disambig,...
		Louis IV, Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, TheBestLinks.com:Disambiguation, Louis...
		The name Louis IV is used to refer to numerous persons in history:
	www.thebestlinks.com /Louis_IV.html (116 words)

	German Language - Search View - MSN Encarta
		Until the middle of the 14th century Latin was the official written language of the Holy Roman Empire, which comprised most of the German-speaking regions of present-day Europe.
		During the reign (1314-47) of Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor, German was adopted as the language of official court documents.
		Between 1480 and 1500 it was introduced for official use in many municipalities and courts of Saxony and Meissen and was adopted also by the universities of Leipzig and Wittenberg.
	encarta.msn.com /text_761567950__1/German_Language.html (1334 words)

	The Empire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		This covers the various phases of the Roman Empire: the original, the Western, the Eastern (Byzantine), and the Holy Roman Empire.
		Aëtius was the son of a Roman mother and a Scythian father.
		Ironically, the last dynasty (Vaudemont) had been transplanted from Lorraine into Tuscany, and the last Emperor of all (Francis II) was a serious, capable, and studious fellow with a very Roman sense of gravitas, who was born in and spent his youth amidst the sunny hills of central Italy.
	www.hostkingdom.net /empire.html (1774 words)

	Holy Roman Empire
		The (second) medieval revival of the Western Roman Empire was referred to as The Holy Roman Empire which lasted from 962 AD to 1806.
		Usually, the king of Germany became emperor -considered by Europeans the title of most prestige- as soon as he was crowned by the pope.
		The on-going struggle between these families and the intervention of the papacy drastically weakened the empire, culminating in the "Age of the Princes" in Germany and the "Great Interregnum" in the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.arcaini.com /ITALY/ItalyHistory/HolyRomanEmpire.htm (387 words)

	September 28 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		351 - Battle of Mursa Major: the Roman Emperor Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius.
		365 - Roman usurper Procopius bribes two legions passing by Constantinople, and proclaims himself Roman emperor.
		1322 - Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor defeats Frederick I of Austria in the Battle of Mühldorf.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/September_28 (1184 words)

	Designs of Wonder: An Internet Armorial
		Guillaume de Nogaret, emissary of Philip IV of France, captures Pope Bonniface VIII at Anagni, Italy and ill-treats him; the Pope is rescued by the citizens of Anagni, but dies soon after in Rome.
		Declaration of Rense: Electors of the Holy Roman Empire declare the empire to be independent from the papacy
		Treaty of Coblenz: alliance between England and the Holy Roman Empire.
	www.designsofwonder.com /?content=AD1300 (1111 words)

	Padua -- Recommendations and Resources (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		A violent struggle had just broken out between Pope John XXII and Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, and the latter, on being excommunicated and called upon to give up the empire, only replied to the pope’s threats with fresh provocations.
		When in 1326 Louis saw the arrival in Nuremberg of the two authors of the book dedicated to him, startled by the boldness of their political and religious theories, he was at first inclined to treat them as heretics.
		Between the 15th and 18th Centuries the University was reknowed for its research, particularly in the areas of medicine, astronomy, phylosophy and law partially thanks to the freedom and independence guaranteed by the protection of the Republic of Venice, to which Padua belonged, from the influence of the Roman Catholic Church.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/111/padua.html (1332 words)

	Maximilian III, Elector of Bavaria - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Image:MaximilianIII.jpg Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria (28 March 1727-30 December 1777) was the eldest son of Emperor Karl VII.
		As the last of the junior branch of the Wittelsbach dynasty which derived from Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor and ruled Bavaria since early 14th century, his death led to a succession dispute and the brief War of the Bavarian Succession.
		Ultimately, he was succeeded by his distant cousin, the Elector Palatine Karl IV from the senior branch of the dynasty.
	psychcentral.com /psypsych/Maximilian_III_Joseph (229 words)

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