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	Louis IV of the Holy Roman Empire - LoveToKnow 1911
		128 71 347), surnamed the Bavarian, Roman emperor and duke of Upper Bavaria, was the second son of Louis II., duke of Upper Bavaria and count palatine of the Rhine, and Matilda, daughter of the German king Rudolph I.
		In August 1313 the German throne had again become vacant, and Louis was chosen at Frankfort on the 10th of October 1314 by a majority of the electors, and his coronation followed at Aix-la-Chapelle on the 25th of November.
		Louis was a man of graceful appearance, with ruddy countenance and prominent nose.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Louis_IV_of_the_Holy_Roman_Empire (1514 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis was a son of Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Mechthild (Matilda), a daughter of King Rudolph I.
		Louis IV was a protector of the Teutonic Knights.
		Louis VI the Roman (1328–1365), duke of Upper Bavaria, elector of Brandenburg.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1538 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Count Otto II was the ancestor of the Count palatine of Bavaria Otto IV (died 1156), whose son Otto was invested with the Duchy of Bavaria in 1180 after the fall of Henry the Lion.
		The family provided two Holy Roman Emperors: Louis IV (1314-1347) and Charles VII (1742-1745), both members of the Bavarian branch of the family, and one German King with Rupert of the Palatinate (1400-1410), a member of the Palatinate branch.
		With the death of Elector Charles Theodore in 1799 all Wittelsbach land in Bavaria and the Palatinate was reunited under Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria, a member of the branch Palatinate-ZweibrÃ¼cken-Birkenfeld.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Wittelsbach (971 words)

	LOUIS IV, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The popes Clement V and his successor John XXII refused to approve Louis’s election and, claiming that the imperial throne was vacant, declared the Holy Roman Empire to be under papal rule.
		In 1327–30 Louis was in Italy, where he was crowned emperor by the representatives of the Roman people, and set up Pietro Rainalducci as Antipope Nicholas V. Rainalducci was soon reconciled with the pope, however, and Louis unsuccessfully attempted to reach a settlement.
		Louis was successfully resisting his rival when he was killed in a hunting accident.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/lo/Louis4HRE.html (372 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Bavarian
		With the extinction of the Bavarian line of the house of Wittelsbach on the death of Elector Maximilian Joseph in 1777, the duchy of Bavaria passed to the elector palatine, Charles Theodore, of the Sulzbach line.
		He helped reorganize the Bavarian army, commanded part of the Bavarian troops fighting with the French against Austria in 1805 in the Napoleonic Wars, and led the Bavarian corps that aided Napoleon's victory at Wagram (1809).
		Louis IV or Louis the Bavarian, 1287?-1347, Holy Roman emperor (1328-47) and German king (1314-47), duke of Upper Bavaria.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Bavarian (602 words)

	Palatinate
		When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.
		Frederick III's grandson, Frederick IV, and his adviser, Christian of Anhalt[?], founded the Evangelical Union[?] of Protestant states in 1608, and in 1619 Elector Frederick V (the son-in-law of King James I of England) accepted the throne of Bohemia from rebellious Protestant noblemen.
		He was soon defeated by the forces of Emperor Ferdinand II at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620, and Spanish and Bavarian troops soon occupied the Palatinate itself.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pa/Palatinate.html (668 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (louis iv, holy roman emperor info) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach (born 1282) was duke of Bavaria from 1294/1301 together with his brother Rudolf I, also count of the Palatinate until 1329 and, German king since 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.
		Louis was the son of Louis II, Duke of Upper Bavaria, and Mechthild, a daugther of King Rudolph I.
		Though Louis was partly educated in Vienna and became co-regent of his brother Rudolf in Bavaria in 1301 with the support of his Habsburg mother Mechthild, he quarelled with Habsburg since 1307 for possesions in Lower Bavaria.
	wikimiki.info /en/Louis+IV,+Holy+Roman+Emperor (8984 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: The Kingdom of Bavaria
		Bavarian territory near Ostheim, are the Regnitz and the Tauber; the northern are the Rodach and the Saale.
		Louis II (1253-94) was succeeded by his son Louis III (known as Emperor Louis IV of the Holy Roman Empire) who, by an agreement in 1329 at Pavia, took
		Bavarian troops died in Russia, victims of the climate or of encounters with the Cossacks.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02353c.htm (3882 words)

	Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Louis IV of Bavaria of the House of Wittelsbach, born 1282, was duke of Bavaria from 1294, duke of the Palatinate from 1329 and, after 1314, Holy Roman Emperor.
		Louis V the Brandenburger, duke of Bavaria, born 1316
		Louis VI the Roman, duke of Bavaria, born 1330
	www.biography.ms /Louis_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.html (192 words)

	Order of Friars Minor
		Boniface VIII adjusted their relations in the Bull "Super cathedram" of 18 February, 1300, granting the mendicants freedom to preach in their own churches and in public places, but not at the time when the prelate of the district was preaching.
		In 1766 Louis XV established in France the Commission des Reguliers, which, presided over by Cardinal de Brienne and conducted with the greatest perfidy, brought about in 1771 a union between the Conventuals and the French Observants.
		Sixtus IV (1471-84) was a Conventual of the period before the division of the order.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/f/friars_minor,order_of.html (16110 words)

	Sly's Fourteenth Century Timeline
		Louis IV (also known as Ludwig IV, or The Bavarian) becomes both king of Germany and Holy Roman Em eror, and goes to war with Frederick III duke of Austria, a competitor for his imperial title.
		Louis IV proclaims Nicholas V as pope, and is finally crowned.
		Sigismund, the king of Hungary and son of the Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV marries Queen Mary of Hungary.
	www.edwardsly.com /1300-99.html (1323 words)

	Keeping Catholics Catholic Page XXV-The Timeline-The FOURTEENTH Century (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Louis IV the Bavarian released Frederick III from prison.
		Louis IV the Bavarian wars with Leopold I, Frederick’s brother and rival Emperor.
		Louis IV the Bavarian invades Italy and occupies Rome.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/Ithaca/6461/14cent.html (3178 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Baldwin
		During the civil war of eight years which ensued he fought on the side of Louis the Bavarian, and contributed largely to his final success.
		Baldwin's siding with Louis the Bavarian even after that emperor was deservedly excommunicated.
		There may have been palliating circumstances as to his administration of the Archdiocese of Mainz in opposition to the pope's command, but, as a subject of the pope, he should have submitted.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/02220c.htm (844 words)

	MUNICH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		On the E bank of the Isar R. is the Maximilianeum (1874–77), home of the Bavarian parliament.
		Other notable cultural centers are the National Theater, the home of the Bavarian State Opera, and the Residenz (Royal) Palace, containing the Reiche Zimmer, the Treasury, and the Cuvilliés Theater—a sumptuously decorated rococo theater designed (1751–53) by François de Cuvilliés (1695–1768).
		Munich was destroyed by fire in 1327 and later rebuilt by Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor.
	www.history.com /encyclopedia.do?articleId=217077 (1003 words)

	Timelines and History of Judaism in St. Louis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		The earliest evidence of a Jew settling in St. Louis is that of Joseph Philipson from Pennsylvannia.
		Louis section of the Council of Jewish Women was organized in the fall of 1895.
		The Jewish Federation of St. Louis was created with the merger of The Federation of Jewish Charities of St. Louis and the Orthodox Jewish Charitable and Educational Federation of St. Louis.
	stlgs.org /jgs-StLouis/timelines.html (8315 words)

	Popes
		Louis defeated Frederick in 1322, but John forbade him to exercise imperial authority until he, as pope, settled the dispute.
		At the same time Louis received at his court the political philosophers Marsilius of Padua and John of Jandun, who, in their work Defensor pacis ("Defender of the Peace"), had declared the authority of an ecumenical council superior to that of the pope.
		When Louis returned to Germany in 1329, Peter submitted to John and was subsequently imprisoned at Avignon.
	gallery.euroweb.hu /database/glossary/popes/john22.html (782 words)

	World Architecture Images-
		Duke Louis IV was elected German king in 1314 and crowned as Holy Roman Emperor in 1328.
		As capital of Bavaria Munich is an important political center in Germany and the seat of the Bavarian Landtag (the state parliament), the Staatskanzlei (the state chancellery) and of all state departments.
		Louis I managed to acquire such famous pieces as the Medusa Rondanini, the Barberini Faun and the figures from the Aphaea temple on Aegina for the Glyptothek.
	www.essential-architecture.com /EUROPE/GERMANY/G-MUN/MUN.htm (6032 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- Bavaria - AOL Research & Learn
		Elector Maximilian IV Joseph, who in 1799 united all Wittelsbach lands, allied himself with Napoleon I, joined the Confederation of the Rhine, and in 1806 was proclaimed king of Bavaria as Maximilian I.
		King Louis I (1825–48), dethroned by the mild revolution of 1848, was succeeded by the able Maximilian II (1848–64) and the brilliant but insane Louis II (1864–86).
		King Louis III, successor to the mad Otto I, was dethroned in Nov., 1918, by Kurt Eisner, who established a socialist republic.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/bavaria/20051205192309990020 (1283 words)

	Louis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis, Duke of Savoy, the Duke of Savoy from 1440 to 1465
		Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor, son of Louis II Louis IV of France, king of France from 936 to 954
		Louis the Stammerer, the eldest son of Charles the Bald and Ermentrude of Orléans
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis (593 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - The Holy Roman Emperor
		Louis wills the Frankish Empire to his sons, but tries to ensure that the eldest gains the biggest share, in order to avoid the fragmentation of territory that so weakened the Merovingians.
		When Louis IV (Louis the Bavarian) is elected German king in 1314, a minority faction elects Frederick the Fair of Hapsburg as emperor.
		Louis defeats Frederick in 1322, but the Pope refuses to recognise or crown him, so Louis crowns himself emperor by representatives of the Roman people.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHRE.htm (513 words)

	C.I.4.P.I. ~ WWW.KEALEY.NET ~ Canadian Institute for Political Integrity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Louis made two crusades--to Egypt and the Holy Land, from 1248 to 1254, on which he was reportedly captured and held for ransom by Muhammadans; and to Tunis, in 1270, where he died of the plague.
		Louis XII (born 1462, ruled 1498-1515) is chiefly noted for the Italian wars, begun by his predecessor, Charles VIII, and continued after the reign of Louis XII by Francis I. Louis XIII (born 1601, ruled 1610-43) kept his able minister, Richelieu, in power for 18 years despite strong opposition.
		Louis II (1870-1949), prince of Monaco, born in Baden-Baden, Germany; succeeded to throne of principality of Monaco 1922; son of Albert I; served in French army with rank of major general.
	www.kealey.net /2004_07_01_archive.html (14391 words)

	Historica Germania. Considers the history of Germany from the ancient period ca. 500 AD to the end of World War II.
		Louis I (Louis the Pious) Holy Roman Emperor 814-40.
		Loius IV (Louis the Bavarian) of House of Wittelsbach, Holy Roman Emperor (1328-47).
		Charles IV of Luxembourg, Holy Roman Emperor (1355-78), issues Golden Bull of 1356, which grants German princes power to elect emperor and provides basic constitution of Holy Roman Empire.
	www.stengerhistorica.com /History/HistoricaGermania/Index.htm (1354 words)

	Worldroots.com
		Wittelsbach, Louis I the Kelheimer, Duke of Bavaria
		Wittelsbach, Louis IV the Gentle Palatine, Elector of the Palatinate, b.
		Wittelsbach, Otto IV of Bavaria, Duke of Bavaria
	worldroots.com /brigitte/wittelsbach.htm (702 words)

	AllRefer.com - Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Louis IV, Holy Roman emperor, German History, Biographies
		Louis IV or Louis the Bavarian, 1287?–1347, Holy Roman emperor (1328–47) and German king (1314–47), duke of Upper Bavaria.
		In 1322, Louis defeated and captured Frederick at MUhldorf.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Louis4HRE.html (505 words)

	PS101 Case Study: Treaty of Westphalia, 1648
		A sharp contrast to universalism was a new concept, that of raison d'état, or "reason of state." Cardinal Richelieu was its main proponent, and the main advisor to the king of France, Louis XIII.
		At this point, the Protestant King of Denmark, Christian IV, intervened in the war but his inept leadership led to Denmark's defeat and devastation at the hands of Catholic armies under the command of the Bavarian General Johannes von Tilly and a brutal and bizarre mercenary captain, Albert Wallenstein.
		Louis XIII was determined to severely diminish the power of the Austrian Hapsburgs, and the war served that end well.
	www.iup.edu /politicalscience/courses/ps101/d-westph.htm (2206 words)

	Louis IV - Search Results - MSN Encarta (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-16)
		Louis IV, in German, Ludwig IV, called The Bavarian (c.
		Henry IV (of England) (1367-1413), king of England (1399-1413), the first of the House of Lancaster.
		Henry IV (of France) (1553-1610), king of France (1589-1610), who restored stability after the religious wars of the 16th century.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /Louis_IV.html (100 words)

	The Shire of Vanished Wood
		Thaddeus was a contemporary of pope Nicholas IV (1288 – 1292), whose pontificate was an important landmark in the history of propaganda for the crusade.
		On the whole, the reign of Nicholas IV witnessed the birth of an epoch of intense literary and diplomatic propaganda for the crusade.
		Emperor Louis IV the Bavarian had withdrawn Germany from papal influence, while the papacy itself, in exile at Avignon, was unable to control even Italy.
	www.vanishedwood.org /castle/library/book.php?id=CrusadesIII (22146 words)

	Bavaria: History
		the Bavarian dukes, of whatever house, were at the center of the rebellions of the great German princes against the imperial authority.
		Under the Wittelsbach emperor Louis IV (reigned 1328–47), Bavaria was briefly reunited.
		Louis II All three rulers had a passion for the arts, science, and architecture.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0856876.html (804 words)

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