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Topic: Louis XI of France

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	Louis XI of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He was the son of Charles VII of France and Mary of Anjou, a member of the Valois Dynasty, grandson of Charles VI and Isabeau de Bavière and one of the most successful kings of France in terms of uniting the country.
		Louis fled to Burgundy where he was granted refuge by Duke Philip the Good and his son Charles the Bold and settled in the castle of Genappe.
		Louis XI died in August of 1483 and was interred in the Notre-Dame de Cléry Basilica [1] in Cléry-Sant-André in the Arrondissement of Orléans.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XI_of_France (1555 words)

	Louis XI - LoveToKnow 1911
		The alliance with Savoy was sealed by the marriage of Louis with Charlotte, daughter of Duke Lodovico, in 1452, in spite of the formal prohibition of Charles VII.
		Louis made light of the whole incident in his letters, but it marked the greatest humiliation of his life, and he was only too glad to find a scapegoat in Cardinal Jean Balue, who was accused of having plotted the treason of Peronne.
		Louis was the soul of all hostile coalitions, especially urging on the Swiss and Sigismund of Austria, who ruled Tirol and Alsace.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Louis_XI (3861 words)

	Louis XI, king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Louis began his reign by dismissing many of his father’s best advisers; but he soon deserted his former allies of the Praguerie and began the task of centralizing all authority in the crown.
		Louis, however, succeeded in buying off Edward IV when he invaded (1475) France to aid Charles, and in uniting the enemies of Charles the Bold, among whom the Swiss were the strongest.
		Louis preferred men of humble origin, and among his advisers were Olivier Le Daim, Louis Tristan L’Hermite, and Cardinal Balue, whom he rewarded liberally, though he was niggardly in his own expenses.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lo/Louis11Fr.html (647 words)

	Louis XII of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis XII, King of France was born on June 27, 1462 in the Chateau de Blois, France.
		In 1476 Louis was required to marry the pious, but disabled Jeanne of France (1464 – 1505), the daughter of his second cousin, Louis XI, King of France.
		After Louis’s predecessor Charles VIII, King of France died childless, this marriage was annulled in order to allow Louis to marry Charles’ widow, Anne of Brittany (1477-1514), the heiress and daughter of Francis I of Brittany in a strategy meant to ally the French Monarchy with the duchy of Brittany.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XII_of_France (474 words)

	Louis XI
		Louis XI, King of France, the son of Charles VII and his queen, Marie of Anjou, was born on the 3rd of July 1423, at Bourges, where his father, then nicknamed the "King of Bourges", had taken refuge from the English.
		Louis XI began his reign with the same high-handed treatment of the nobles which had marked his rule in Dauphiné; going so far as to forbid them to hunt without his permission.
		Louis made light of the whole incident in his letters, but it marked the greatest humiliation of his life, and he was only too glad to find a scapegoat in Cardinal Jean Balue, who was accused of having plotted the treason of Péronne.
	www.nndb.com /people/858/000093579 (3714 words)

	Louis XI - MSN Encarta
		Louis XI (1423-1483), king of France (1461-1483), son and successor of Charles VII, who continued his father's work of restoring unity and stability to France after the ravages of the Hundred Years' War.
		Louis was born in Bourges on July 3, 1423.
		Louis was known as The Spider because of his ugliness and the skill with which he maneuvered against his enemies.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567391/Louis_XI.html (330 words)

	BookRags: Louis, XI Biography
		Louis XI was born at Bourges, the son of Charles VII and Marie of Anjou.
		Louis fought the barons to a standoff in 1465 and settled the revolt by granting financial and legal concessions.
		Louis was much concerned with the role of the state in France's economy, and he experimented with state-owned shipping in the Mediterranean, state-operated arsenals, urban development, and control of the silk trade.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/louis-xi (1334 words)

	Commonwealth of France’s Louis XI
		France's King Louis XI, who reigned from 1461 to 1483, created the modern form of nation-state, or commonwealth, in which the nation's wealth is seen as the common property of the nation and its whole people; which wealth is a function of the increase in the free energy of the economy as a whole.
		France was fertile ground for such a project, with the political legacy of Charlemagne (724-814), and a rich Platonist heritage dating to Gerbert d'Aurillac, the future Pope Sylvester II (942-1003), and his student Fulbert (960-1028), who became known as the “Venerable Socrates” of the Chartres Academy.
		Louis' father, Charles VII, the Dauphin and heir to the throne, was officially disinherited.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /fid_91-96/953_louis-XI.html (5757 words)

	Chapter Lotus-Eaters <i>to</i> Louvre of L by Brewer's Readers Handbook
		Louis degraded this ethereal spirit into a “soiled dove,” and when she fled to a convent to quiet remorse, he fetched her out and took her to Versailles.
		Louis XVIII., nicknamed De-sh-uî tres, because he was a great feeder, like all the Bourbons, and was especially fond of oysters.
		Of course, the pun is on dixhuit (18).
	www.bibliomania.com /2/3/174/1122/14810/1.html (531 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| France
		France was one of the original signatories of the UPU in 1874.
		At home France was not so seriously affected by the inflation in Germany as some other countries, but the decline in the value of the franc led to several increases in postal rates in the 1920s.
		France has been a member of the EEC since its formation and, though a member of NATO when it was formed, withdrew in the 1960s.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/france.htm (4268 words)

	The Commonwealth of France's Louis XI: Foundations of the Nation State (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louis XI created the first modern nation-state committed to educating its population and raising the living standards of the approximately 95 percent of the population which, up to Louis's time, lived a life not much better than the animals they tended.
		Louis wrote thousands of laws, which were read in the public squares across France, to both inform the population of the new regulations and to invite them to participate in such newly created economic activities.
		The reign of France's King Louis XI was the first time in human history that a policy of demographic growth was consciously implemented for the establishment of the nation-state.
	members.tripod.com /~american_almanac/louisxi.htm (5211 words)

	woodgate - pafg184 - Generated by Personal Ancestral File (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louis XI King of France [Parents] was born on 3 Jul 1423 in Bourges,France.
		Charles VIII King of France [Parents] was born on 30 Jun 1490.
		Louis Ferdinand of Bavaria Prince was born in 1859.
	homepages.ihug.co.nz /~woodgate/pafg184.htm (193 words)

	Louis XI, king of France
		Louis XI Louis XI, 1423–83, king of France (1461–83), son and successor of Charles VII.
		Louis XI, king of France: Characteristics of Louis's Reign - Characteristics of Louis's Reign A born diplomat, Louis skillfully checked his foreign and domestic...
		Louis XI, king of France: Early Life - Early Life As dauphin Louis was almost constantly in revolt against his father.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/people/A0830393.html (131 words)

	The Richard III and Yorkist History Server
		At the celebrated interview between Charles the Rash and Louis XI at Péronne, he acted in such a way (in what way it is still not entirely clear from his own cryptic remarks and from the independent evidence of other sources) that Louis XI believed thereafter that he owed his life largely to Commynes.
		Louis XI favoured him by staying at Argenton in November and December 1481, after a second bout of illness and Commynes joined the King on his journey to Saint-Claude in 1482.
		He shows how in 1465 Louis XI, far from keeping to an established plan in dealing with the uprising of the princes, in which he tried to avoid the hazards of battle at all cost, had seriously underestimated the strength of the opposition and the dangers facing him until it was almost too late.
	www.r3.org /bookcase/de_commynes/decom_1.html (13078 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Comines,
		As the count of Charolais before his accession, he opposed the growing power of King Louis XI of France by joining (1465) the League of Public Weal.
		Louis XI LOUIS XI [Louis XI] 1423-83, king of France (1461-83), son and successor of Charles VII.
		Charles VIII CHARLES VIII [Charles VIII] 1470-98, king of France (1483-98), son and successor of Louis XI.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Comines, (383 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She was the daughter of King Louis XI of France and his wife Charlotte of Savoy.
		In order to get rid of her, he betrothed her to his cousin Louis, the Duke of Orleans, and at age five she was sent to the Duke's home to be trained in the proper etiquette for court ladies.
		Her husband was able to obtain an annulment on the grounds that King Louis XI had forced the marriage upon him.
	www.christdesert.org /public_graphics/martyrology/names/j/joan_of_france_(valois).txt (408 words)

	France History, The French Valois Dynasty 1358-1589
		Born in Paris, Charles was the eldest surviving son of Charles VI of France and Isabeau de Bavière.
		Louis XI ouis XI (July 3, 1423 - August 30, 1483) was a King of France (1461 - 1483).
		Born Louis d'Orléans in the Royal Chateau Blois on June 27, 1462, son of Charles, duc d'Orleans, Louis was required by royal command to marry Jeanne, the daughter of his second cousin King Louis XI.
	www.bonjourlafrance.com /france-history/valois-dynasty.htm (6565 words)

	TimeRef - History Timelines - Medieval People Starting With L
		Louis IX held a court at Amiens to decide if Henry should be freed from the obligations forced upon him by the Provisions of Oxford in 1258 by the Barons.
		Louis' most important act was the defeat of the joint attack from England and Emperor Henry V in 1124.
		Louis persuaded the Earl of Warwick (a Yorkist) and Margaret of Anjou the exiled wife of Henry VI (a Lancastrian) to combine forces and attempt to over through Edward.
	www.btinternet.com /~timeref/hprl.htm (2478 words)

	Louis XII—The Rosebush of War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		THE ROSEBUSH OF WAR was composed near the end of King Louis XI's life in 1483, to instruct his son and heir Charles in the principles and impulse which guided Louis in creating France as history's first nation-state commonwealth.
		Nothing concerning the person of Louis could be further from the truth, as the reader will readily see expressed through the principles he set forth for the ruling of a commonwealth.
		Louis is not referring merely to the knights or noblemen who composed the mounted forces of the army, but is speaking more broadly of a new national military.
	www.schillerinstitute.org /fid_91-96/953_rosebush.html (4089 words)

	Charles the Bold, Burgundy, France, coins
		They planned an invasion of France, where the English would land at Calais and be met by a Burgundian army and proceed with their invasion of France.
		Louis XI of France took advantage of this disarray among his enemies and offered Edward compensation for the costs of the campaign subject to Edward's retreat from France.
		Louis had an extensive network of spies and diplomats and was able to hold Charles at bay.
	home.eckerd.edu /~oberhot/burcbold.htm (1028 words)

	Louis XI of France
		Louis XI (142383), king of France (146183), son and successor of Charles VII, who continued his father's work of restoring unity and stability to France after the ravages of the Hundred Years' War.
		After joining with discontented nobles in an unsuccessful rebellion against Charles VII in 1440, he was pardoned and made governor of Dauphiné;, where he showed great administrative ability.
		He added Anjou, Maine, Provence, and other regions to his kingdom in 148081; in 1482 he divided the Burgundian territories with Mary's husband, Maximilian of Habsburg (later Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I).
	www.blackstudies.ucsb.edu /antillians/louisxi.html (301 words)

	[No title]
		By 1423, the year that Louis XI, King of France (1461-83) was born, much of France was ruled by the English.
		When Charles VII died in 1461, Louis assumed the throne of France, and the country almost immediately degenerated into a state of anarchy.
		The gripping story of how Louis, known as "the universal spider" for his incessant machinations and intrigues and his network of communications and spies throughout the country, gradually subdued the nobles, secured more territory and unified France takes up the bulk of this fascinating book.
	www.orionbooks.co.uk /PB-18243/Louis-XI.htm (287 words)

	Louis XI and Astrology
		The Court of Louis XI of France was no exception, and the following text offers some insight into what use Medieval kings made of their astrologers.
		From the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries, when astrology flourished throughout Europe, there was scarcely a ruler of importance or reigning prince who did not have a Court Astrologer, whose advice and prognostications were depended upon for guidance in problems of State and other important matters[1].
		Louis XI of France was a convinced believer in astrology and is said to have often consulted Angelo Catto and d'Almonsor, two famous astrologers of the time.
	www.tarot-decks.com /astrology-louis-XI.html (936 words)

	Administration of Bay Saint Louis, Mississippi - A Place Apart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		While having a mighty warrior reputation, the Choctaws of the Bay St. Louis area were friendly to the new explorers and shared the bounty of wild game and seafood to be found in their village of Chicapoula.
		The heart of the present City of Bay St. Louis was granted to Madame Charlo in 1781.
		On January 11, 1811, the flag of the United States ws raised on the shores of Bay St. Louis, and in 1812, the area officially became part of the Mississippi Territory.
	www.ci.bay-st-louis.ms.us /admin/history.html (571 words)

	Publisher description for Library of Congress control number 96042013
		Louis XI, known as "The Spider King" because he wove many intricate plots, lives on in popular imagination primarily as a villain and a cruel, cunning, rather unscrupulous character.
		In Images of Kingship in Early Modern France, Adrianna Bakos uses the changing nature of Louis XI's historical reputation to explore the intellectual and political climate of early modern France.
		Louis -- XI, -- King of France, -- 1423-1483 -- Influence.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/enhancements/fy0649/96042013-d.html (216 words)

	bellairsia : index
		After the death of his first wife, Margaret of Scotland, Louis defied his father by marrying Charlotte of Savoy.
		Louis died at PlessislesTours and was succeeded by his son Charles VIII.
		Louis would pray to a given saint for success in one of his endeavors, and if that saint didn't come through for him, Louis would demote his medal to the back of his hat.
	www.bellairsia.com /l/l_louis_xi.html (484 words)

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