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Topic: Louis XVII of France

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	Wikipedia: Louis XVI of France
		Louis XVI of France (August 23, 1754 - January 21, 1793) succeeded his grandfather (Louis XV of France) as King of France on May 10, 1774; he was crowned on June 11, 1775.
		Louis himself was very popular and not unobliging to the social, political and economic reforms of the Revolution, but the bad influence of his wife in politics caused him to reject the principles of the Revolution.
		King Louis XVI was beheaded in front of a cheering crowd on January 21, 1793.
	www.factbook.org /wikipedia/en/l/lo/louis_xvi_of_france.html (549 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Louis XVI of France
		Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French from 1791 to 1792.
		Louis' mother was Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, second wife of the Dauphin, and the daughter of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
		Louis was nowhere near as reactionary as his right-wing brothers, the comte d'Artois and the comte de Provence, and he sent repeated messages publicly and privately calling on them to halt their attempts to launch counter-coups (often through his secretly nominated regent, former minister de Brienne).
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France (1104 words)

	Louis XVII of France: Definition and Links by Encyclopedian.com (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 - June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
		As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed king of France on January 28, 1793 by the declaration of his uncle, "Monsieur" (Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence) issued in exile in the city of Hamm, near Düsseldorf, Westphalia, a territory of the Archbishop of Cologne.
		Reports, however, quickly spread that the body was not that of Louis XVII and that he had been spirited away alive by sympathizers with another child's body left in his place.
	www.encyclopedian.com.cob-web.org:8888 /lo/Louis-XVII-of-France.html (410 words)

	Louis Xvii Of France (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Louis XVII of France (March 27 1785 – June 8 1795), from birth to 1789 known as '''Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy'''; then from 1789 to 1791 as '''Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois'''; and from 1791 to 1793 as '''Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France''', was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
		As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed King of France on January 28, 1793 by his uncle, '' Monsieur '' Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence, in a declaration issued from exile in the city of Hamm, near Dortmund, Westphalia.
		At the time, the declaration was without authority, as France was a republic ; however, when France and the other European powers later accepted Louis-Stanislas-Xavier as King Louis XVIII of France, his numbering tacitly recognized Louis XVII's right to the throne.
	www.seattleluxury.com.cob-web.org:8888 /encyclopedia/entry/Louis_XVII_of_France (863 words)

	LOUIS XVII, titular king of France. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		(Louis Charles), 1785–1795?, titular king of France (1793–95), known in popular legend as the “lost dauphin.”; The second son of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, he became dauphin at the death (1789) of his elder brother.
		After the execution (1793) of Louis XVI, the comte de Provence (later King Louis XVIII) proclaimed the dauphin king as Louis XVII, but he remained in prison until his death.
		For the life of Louis XVII and discussion of the claims of various pretenders see study by H. Francq (tr.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/lo/Louis17Fr.html (172 words)

	Louis XVII
		Louis XVII, titular king of France, second son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, was born at Versailles on the 27th of March 1785, was christened the same day Louis Charles, and given the title of duke of Normandy.
		Louis Charles became dauphin on the death of his elder brother on the 4th of June 1789.
		Louis Charles was then separated from his mother and aunt to be put in his father's charge, except for a few hours daily, but was restored to the women when Louis was isolated from his family at the beginning of his trial in December.
	www.nndb.com /people/974/000097683 (1840 words)

	Louis XVI of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was King of France and Navarre from 1774 until 1791, and then King of the French from 1791 to 1792.
		Louis was preceded as king by his grandfather, Louis XV.
		Louis was tried (from 11 December 1792) and convicted of high treason before the National Convention.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France (1157 words)

	Louis XVII To Have Royal Burial, 209 Years Late
		The ministry approved the symbolic burial after geneticists who had compared the DNA of different members of the royal family decided in 2000 that it was indeed Louis who had died in prison in 1795.
		The then dauphin, or heir to the throne, was seven when he was jailed in 1792 along with the rest of the royal family in the turbulent period after the French Revolution, and died of tuberculosis in 1795.
		Because of lingering uncertainty Louis' heart, stone-hard and held in an urn, was later placed in the chapel near the royal crypt of the Saint Denis Basilica, near Paris, the burial place of his parents and other members of the royal family.
	www.rense.com /general45/louisXVIItohave.htm (350 words)

	Dauphin
		The Dauphin was the eldest male child of the French king and heir to the throne of France under the Valois and Bourbon dynasties.
		This title descended in his family till 1349, when Humbert II sold his seigneurie, called the Dauphiné;, to King Philippe VI on condition that the heir of France assumed the title of le Dauphin.
		Louis-Charles, Duc de Normandie (future titular Louis XVII of France) 1789-1791 (in 1791 his title was changed to "Prince Royal")
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/da/Dauphin.html (182 words)

	French History of the Bourbon Dynasty
		On June 21, 1791, Louis attempted to flee secretly from Paris to the regions with his family in the hope of forcing a moderate swing in the revolution than was deemed possible in radical Paris but flaws in the escape plan caused sufficient delays to enable them to be recognised and captured at Varennes.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 17, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of the dauphin Louis, the son of King Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska.
		Louis XVIII died on September 16, 1824, and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica.
	www.bonjourlafrance.net /france-facts/france-history/bourbon-dynasty.htm (7673 words)

	Regent
		While her husband Henry II of France left the kingdom for the campaign of Metz.
		Again during the minority of her second son, Charles IX of France.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, while living in exile, self-declared Regent for his nephew Louis XVII of France after the 1793 guillotining of King Louis XVI.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/re/Regents.html (149 words)

	NINETEENTH GENERATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		King Louis XVI of FRANCE was born in 1754 in Versailles, France - son of Louis and Maria of Saxony.
		He was married to Queen Marie Antoinette of FRANCE (daughter of Francis I Stephen Duke of HAPSBURG-LORRAINE HR Emperor and Maria Theresa of BOHEMIA and HUNGARY Archduchess of Austria) in 1770.
		Queen Marie Antoinette of FRANCE was born in 1755 in Vienna - dtr of Francis I and Maria Theresa.
	home.att.net /~hamiltonclan/hamilton/gilbert/d7130.htm (143 words)

	[CTRL] 'King's Heart' Conspiracy Theory
		The heart is of Louis XVII, the would-be boy-King of France, the second son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, was born at Versailles on March 27th 1785, and was christened the very same day as Louis Charles, and given the title of the Duke of Normandy.
		In the Temple prison Louis Charles was then separated from his mother and aunt to be put in his father's charge, except for a few hours daily, but was restored to the women when his father was isolated from his family at the beginning of his trial in the following December.
		For the heart in its crystal urn is that of the ten boy King Louis XVII of the Habsburg family.
	www.mail-archive.com /ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg109967.html (1620 words)

	Louis XVII of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed king on January 28, 1793 by his uncle (after his father was executed), Monsieur Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence, in a declaration issued from exile in the city of Hamm, near Dortmund, Westphalia.
		At the time, the declaration was without authority, as France was a republic; however, when France and the other European powers later accepted Louis-Stanislas-Xavier as King Louis XVIII of France, his numbering tacitly recognised Louis XVII's right to the throne.
		Pelletan tried to return the heart to Louis XVIII and his brother Charles X, both of whom could not bring themselves to believe the heart to be genuinely that of their long dead nephew.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France (930 words)

	DNA Test Solves Mystery of French Child King
		Eight-year-old Louis-Charles de France automatically became King Louis XVII when Louis XVI was guillotined before huge crowds in central Paris at the height of the revolution in 1793.
		After Louis XVI and his queen were guillotined, the new king and his older sister, Marie-Therese, were confined to the dungeon of the Temple prison in Paris.
		Eventually, the heart was presented to a representative of the Bourbon heirs of France, but by this time the Orleans branch of the family had assumed and lost the throne, and France had become a republic.
	richlabonte.net /exonews/xtra3/lost_king.htm (3349 words)

	[No title]
		The aim was to compare the DNA of the heart with that of the maternal relatives of Louis XVII.
		two aunts of Louis XVII (Johanna Gabriela and Mada-Josepha), his mother, Marie-Antoinette, and two living maternal relatives (Queen Anna of Romania and her brother André) (Figure 2), were obtained in the Naundorff study.
		For the other maternal relatives of Louis XVII there is also a match when HVR1 is considered (for HVR2 no result was obtained in the hair samples of Johanna-Gabriela, Maria-Josepha and Marie Antoinette) (Table 2).
	www.chez.com /louis17/english.htm (1636 words)

	Louis XVII of France biography .ms (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 - June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette, who never actually reigned as king of France.
		The declaration at the time was without authority, since France was a republic; however, when the nation and the European powers accepted Louis-Stanislas-Xavier as Louis XVIII of France in 1815, the numbering tacitly recognized Louis XVII's rights.
		Taken from his mother in 1792, the child was held at the forbidding prison of the Temple, to prevent any monarchist bid to free him.
	www.biography.ms.cob-web.org:8888 /Louis_XVII_of_France.html (640 words)

	Guardian \| DNA may solve riddle of French king's death
		Now two geneticists hope to provide part of the answer by DNA testing a heart preserved in a crystal urn which was supposedly removed from the king after he died of natural causes at the age of 10.
		Some historians have argued that Louis XVII - who acceded to the throne in 1793 when his parents, Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, were executed - was able to escape when the body of a 14-year-old was placed in his bed at the Temple jail, fooling his captors.
		Several imposters claimed to be Louis XVII after the autocratic Louis XVIII, a Bourbon, returned from exile in England in 1814 and ruled until 1824, to be succeeded by Charles X. The Orléanist line became the legitimate heirs when Louis-Philippe, Philippe Egalité's son, was crowned in 1830.
	www.guardian.co.uk /print/0,3858,3942134-103681,00.html (615 words)

	Louis XVII , King of France (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.unc.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		While the Royal Family was being held at the forbidding prison of the Temple, he was separated from his mother and sister in the summer of 1793 to prevent any monarchist bid to free him.
		Reports, however, quickly spread that the body was not that of Louis XVII and that he had been spirited away alive, the "Lost Dauphin", by sympathizers with another child's body left in his place.
		After DNA comparison with that reclaimed from the hair of Marie Antoinette proved the identity of the heart in the year 2000, the remains were finally buried in the Basilica on June 8, 2004.
	www.djhooker.com.cob-web.org:8888 /46/22792.htm (771 words)

	AllRefer.com - Louis XVII, titular king of France (French History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Louis XVII, titular king of France, French History, Biographies
		Louis XVII (Louis Charles), 1785–1795?, titular king of France (1793–95), known in popular legend as the "lost dauphin." The second son of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette, he became dauphin at the death (1789) of his elder brother.
		In 2000 geneticists announced that they had compared DNA from the dead boy's preserved heart with DNA from members of the royal family and proved conclusively that the child who died in prison was indeed the dauphin.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/Louis17Fr.html (339 words)

	The French Revolution \| Louis XVII \| Robespierre
		Meanwhile Louis and Marie Antoinette were holed up at Versailles with Louis XVII --- affectionately called Dauphin ("Daffy") --- and Marie Thérèse.
		The Assembly then ordered Louis and family back to Paris, and since the revolutionary urban renewal project had destroyed the Bastille, the royal family was forced to go back to the Toolshed.
		Louis said that he "would rather die" than eat with a bunch of raincoaters, so they gave him a tumbrel ride to the Place de la Révolution, where a new machine invented by Dr. Guillotin whittled him down to size --- roughly 4'11".
	www.ralphmag.org /CG/french-revolution.html (1338 words)

	Royal Genealogies Part 30
		Louis XV's reported prophecy, "After me, the deluge," was fulfilled in the overthrow of the French monarchy less than two decades later.
		Louis swore obedience to the new Franch constitution in 1791, but continued secretly to work against the revolution and to plot intrigues with France's enemies.
		Louis XVI was guillotined on Jan 21, 1793, in the Place de la Revolution (now Place de la Concorde) in Paris.
	ftp.cac.psu.edu /~saw/royal/r30.html (910 words)

	Movers: Enlightenment (Mid 1600s - Late 1700s) By Miles Hodges (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The result of the war was the loss for France of most of its colonial holdings in America, most of its position in Asia, and the rise of Britain as the unchallenged master of the seas.
		In the end, Louis understood the nature of the crisis growing up in France--exclaiming: "after me, the deluge." He suspected that some kind of horrible accounting for the French monarchy was fast moving in on the French political scene.
		Louis was the second son of Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, given the title of Duke of Normandy.
	www.newgenevacenter.org /movers/enlightenment2.htm (2503 words)

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