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	Louis XVIII of France Summary
		Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France and Navarre from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to Napoleon's return in the Hundred Days.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 18, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of Louis, dauphin de France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, and grandson of Louis XV of France and his Queen consort Maria Leszczyńska.
		Louis XVIII died on September 16, 1824, and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica.
	www.bookrags.com /Louis_XVIII_of_France (1447 words)

	Louis XVIII
		Louis XVIII, Louis le Désiré, Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, third son of the dauphin Louis, son of Louis XV, and of Maria Josepha of Saxony, was born at Versailles on the 17th of November 1755.
		In March 1814 the Allies entered Paris, and thanks to Talleyrand's negotiations the restoration of the Bourbons was effected, Louis XVIII entering Paris on the 2nd of May 1814, after issuing the declaration of St. Ouen, in which he promised to grant the nation a constitution (octroyer une charte).
		The character of Louis XVIII may be summed up in the words of Bonaparte, quoted by Sorel, "C'est Louis XVI avec moins de franchise et plus d'esprit." He had all the Bourbon characteristics, especially their love of power, combined with a certain nobility of demeanor, and a consciousness of his dignity as king.
	www.nndb.com /people/834/000093555 (1405 words)

	Napoleon III - France.com
		Charles Louis Napoleon Bonaparte (April 20, 1808 - January 9, 1873) was the son of King Louis Bonaparte and Queen Hortense de Beauharnais; both monarchs of the Kingdom of Holland.
		In a situation that resembles the case of Louis XVIII of France, the numbering of Napoleon's reign assumes the existence of a legitimate Napoleon II of France who never actually ruled.
		Hoping to achieve military glory to match his uncle Louis and forced by the diplomacy of the German chancellor Otto von Bismarck, Napoleon began the Franco-Prussian War in 1870.
	www.france.com /docs/155.html (583 words)

	Louis XVIII, king of France — Infoplease.com
		Beyond Enlightenment: occultism, politics, and culture in France from the old regime to the fin-de-siecle (1).
		The Execution of Louis XVI and the End of the French Monarchy.
		The Musaeum of Alexandria and the formation of the 'Museum' in eighteenth-century France.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0830400.html (395 words)

	Restauration: Louis XVIII, Charles X, Louis Philippe. Tapisserie d' Art aux points de St. Cyr ou Aubusson au 19em ...
		Louis XVIII: Frère de Louis XVI, né à Versailles 1755 mort à Paris en 1824.
		Avec le retour des Bourbons sur le trône de France, les fleurs de lys se substituent aux aigles et autres emblèmes de l'Empire...
		Apparu dès le Louis XV, caractérisé par son dossier enveloppant, le fauteuil en gondoles connaît un grand succès.
	www.tapisseriedefrance.fr /001800.restauration.fr.htm (604 words)

	Louis XVIII - LoveToKnow 1911
		Louis Stanislas-Xavier, comte de Provence, third son of the dauphin Louis, son of Louis XV., and of Maria Josepha of Saxony, was born at Versailles on the 17th of November 1755.
		All this time he was in close communication with the royalists in France, but was much embarrassed by the conflicting policy pursued by the comte d'Artois from England, and was largely at the mercy of corrupt and dishonest agents.
		In the absence of Decazes a new favourite was found to amuse the king's old age, Madame du Cayla (Zoe Talon, comtesse du Cayla), a protegee of the vicomte Sosthene de la Rochefoucauld and consequently a creature of the Ultras.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Louis_XVIII (2418 words)

	Louis XVIII of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755 - September 16, 1824) was King of France and Navarre from 1814 (although he declared that he considered his reign to have begun in 1795) until his death in 1824, with a brief break in 1815 due to Napoleon's return in the Hundred Days.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 18, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of Louis, dauphin de France and Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, and grandson of Louis XV of France and his Queen consort Maria Leszczyńska.
		Louis XVIII died on September 16, 1824, and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France (928 words)

	Encyclopedia: Louis XVI of France (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis' mother was Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, second wife of the Dauphin, and the daughter of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland.
		Louis was nowhere near as reactionary as his right-wing brothers, the comte d'Artois and the comte de Provence, and he sent repeated messages publicly and privately calling on them to halt their attempts to launch counter-coups (often through his secretly nominated regent, former minister de Brienne).
		Louis, dauphin de France, in a pastel by Maurice Quentin de La Tour Louis, dauphin de France (1729- 1765), born in Versailles, was the eldest and only surviving son of King Louis XV of France and Queen Marie Leszczyńska, and thus heir (dauphin) to the throne of France.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Louis-XVI-of-France (4828 words)

	Louis XVII of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 – June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
		As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed king of France on January 28, 1793 by the declaration of his uncle, "Monsieur" (Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence) issued in exile in the city of Hamm, near Dortmund, Westphalia, a territory of the Archbishop of Cologne.
		The declaration at the time was without authority, since France was a republic; however, when the nation and the European powers accepted Louis-Stanislas-Xavier as Louis XVIII of France in 1815, the numbering tacitly recognized Louis XVII's rights.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Louis_XVII_of_France (785 words)

	Louis XV of France - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		Louis XV of France (February 15, 1710 – May 10, 1774), "the Beloved" (French: le Bien-Aimé), was King of France from 1715 until his death.
		Louis XV was born at Versailles on February 15, 1710, while his great-grandfather Louis XIV was still on the throne.
		In August 1714, Louis XIV had made a will which granted a prominent role in the anticipated regency to the two sons that had been born to him by his former mistress, Madame de Montespan, and who had since been legitimised, and were now known as the Duke of Maine and the Count of Toulouse.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Louis_XV (8113 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Louis XVIII of France
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 17, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of Louis, dauphin de France, and grandson of King Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska.
		On the 10-year-old king's death in prison on June 8, 1795, Provence proclaimed himself as King Louis XVIII, although he was often referred to by the title of pretense of Comte de Lille.
		King Louis' chief ministers were at first moderate, including Talleyrand, the Duc de Richelieu, and Élie Decazes, and Louis himself followed a cautious, moderate policy, hoping that moderation would insure the continuation of the dynasty.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Louis_XVIII_of_France (1097 words)

	ipedia.com: Louis XVIII of France Article (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis XVIII (November 17, 1755- September 16, 1824) was King of France from 1814 until his death in 1824.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 17, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of the dauphin Louis, the son of King Louis XV and Marie Leszczynska.
		Louis XVIII died on September 16, 1824, and was interred in the Saint Denis Basilica.
	www.ipedia.com /louis_xviii_of_france.html (361 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/France
		In 1328, Philip VI (1328-50), of the house of Valois, a younger branch of the Capetians, succeeded to the throne.
		It was left for Louis XI (1461-83) to destroy the power of the last great feudal lords and to incorporate into the royal domain almost all of present France.
		France was beset by a host of problems in 1995, including severe floods and terror bombings; the government faced international criticism for its nuclear testing in the South Pacific, which it resumed after a three-year moratorium; and the country was paralyzed late in the year by a long transportation workers strike.
	www.reference.com /browse/columbia/France (6617 words)

	Columbia Encyclopedia- France - AOL Research & Learn
		The heart of France N of the Loire River is the province of Île-de-France, which occupies the greater part of the Paris basin, a fertile depression drained by the Seine and Marne rivers.
		In 1328, Philip VI (1328—50), of the house of Valois, a younger branch of the Capetians, succeeded to the throne.
		It was left for Louis XI (1461—83) to destroy the power of the last great feudal lords and to incorporate into the royal domain almost all of present France.
	reference.aol.com /columbia/_a/france/20051206015609990002 (6449 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Louis XVIII (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis XVIII, who reigned as King of France from 1814 to 1824, is often listed among famous gay people in history, but the evidence is unclear.
		After the execution of Louis XVI on January 21, 1793 and the death (in June 1795) of that king's ten-year-old son, who was being held prisoner in Paris, the Count de Provence proclaimed himself King of France as Louis XVIII.
		Louis granted a liberal constitution, known as "The Charter," but spoiled the effect by dating it "in the nineteenth year of our reign," as if he had been France's legal sovereign ever since 1795.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/louis_XVIII.html (975 words)

	The Ministry Of The Cardinal De Fleury - Louis Xv Of France
		Louis XV failed to overcome the fiscal problems, mainly due to his chronic indecision and lack of commitment.
		Worse, Louis seemed to be aware of the forces of anti-monarchism which were threatening his familys rule and yet he failed to do anything to stop them.
		Although France still held New Orleans, Louisiana, lands west of the Mississippi, and Guadeloupe, it was this defeat and signing of the treaty that marked the first stage of a total abandonment of the New World.
	mywebpage.netscape.com /AAVSO2696/louis-xv-of-france-the-ministry-of-the-cardinal-de-fleury.html (629 words)

	Marie Antoinette Queen of France
		Louis August, the future Louis XVI (1754-1793), was the third son of the dauphin Louis (died on 1765) and Marie Josephine (died on 1767) and succeeded to the throne from his grandfather Louis XV on 1774.
		Louis was a simple and honest man, but he was also weak, in fact in spite of the hope that he caused with his accession to the throne, he didn't prove himself to be able to be master of the bad situation there was the France and the monarchy.
		Louis Charles de France, future Louis XVII (1785-1795), Duke of Normandy, was the second son of Marie Antoinette and Louis XVI and he became dauphin when his older brother Louis Joseph (1781-1789) died.
	www.ladyreading.net /marieantoinette/det4-en.html (1382 words)

	Wikinfo \| Louis XVIII of France (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis XVIII (1755-1824) was King of France from 1814 until his death in 1824.
		Louis-Stanislas-Xavier was born on November 17, 1755 in the Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France, the fourth son of the dauphin Louis, the son of King Louis XV.
		At birth, he received the title of Count of Provence but throughout most of his life he was known as "Monsieur." After the death of his two elder brothers and the accession of his remaining elder brother as Louis XVI of France in 1774, he became heir presumptive.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Louis_XVIII_of_France (359 words)

	First empire - Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis XVIII travelled all over Europe before being able to come to the throne; when he reentered France he found a new country, a new nobility, a new administrative organization and policy.
		Louis XVIII chose the second solution, most of those faithful to Napoleon, Fouche one of them, kept their positions.
		At the head of a divided France, Louis XVIII gave amnesty to all the revolutionaries except the regicides.
	www.histofig.com /history/empire/personnes/france_louis18_en.html (994 words)

	Napoleon III of France at AllExperts
		NapolÃ©on III, Emperor of the French (Charles Louis NapolÃ©on Bonaparte) (20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was President of France from 1849 to 1852, and then Emperor of the French under the name NapolÃ©on III from 1852 to 1870.
		In a situation that resembles the case of Louis XVIII of France, the numbering of NapolÃ©on's reign treats NapolÃ©on II, who never actually ruled, as a true Emperor (he had been briefly recognized as emperor from June 22 to July 7, 1815).
		In the beginning of the 1860s, the objectives of the Emperor in foreign policy had been met: France had scored several military victories in Europe and abroad, the defeat at Waterloo had been exorcised, and France was regarded again as the largest military power in Europe.
	en.allexperts.com /e/n/na/napoleon_iii_of_france.htm (2477 words)

	Wikinfo \| Louis XVII of France (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Louis XVII of France (March 27, 1785 - June 8, 1795) also known as Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy (1785-1789), Louis-Charles, Dauphin of Viennois (1789-1791), and Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France (1791-1793), was the son of King Louis XVI of France and Marie Antoinette.
		As the eldest living son of King Louis XVI, he was proclaimed king of France on January 28, 1793 by the declaration of his uncle, "Monsieur" (Louis-Stanislas-Xavier, the Comte de Provence) issued in exile in the city of Hamm, near Düsseldorf, Westphalia, a territory of the Archbishop of Cologne.
		Reports, however, quickly spread that the body was not that of Louis XVII and that he had been spirited away alive by sympathizers with another child's body left in his place.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=Louis_XVII_of_France (444 words)

	M.S.Rau Antiques
		An historic document bearing the royal wax seal of King Louis XVIII of France to William Lawless, Irish and French Revolutionary.
		Louis XVIII served a brief term as King of France and Navarre from May 2, 1814 until March 20, 1815.
		Upon the return of Louis XVIII, the Irish Legion swore their allegiance to the new King and were later disbanded on September 28, 1815.
	www.rauantiques.com /28-9172.html?rel=C&relid=1077 (120 words)

	FRANÇOIS BUFFET
		The third surviving son of Henri II of France and Catherine de Medici he had led the Catholic reaction against the Huguenot rising whose leadership had passed by 1570 to the young King of Navarre, Henri de Bourbon.
		Although Henri IV was proclaimed King of France on his Valois cousin’s death, he faced four more years of struggle before eventually converting to Catholicism (the occasion of his famous saying “Paris is worth a Mass”) and being allowed to enter his capital.
		For Louis XVIII, who had been restored after Napoleon’s decade long Empire ended, and for Ferdinand I, who had been restored to his capital Naples in 1815 after fifteen years in exile in Sicily, there was a powerful symbolism in the Crown being passed without a break from one legitimate Monarch to the next.
	www.europeanpaintings.com /collector/buffet.htm (593 words)

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