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Topic: Louise de Keroualle

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Charles Lennox, 1st Duke of Richmond and Lennox

Charles II

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Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland

Nell Gwyn

Charles Beauclerk, 1st Duke of St Albans

Charles II of England

Barbara Fitzroy

Duke of St Albans

Charlotte Fitzroy

Charles I of England

Lucy Walter

James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth

James II of England

	New Zealand Art Monthly - Articles
		Louise Renee de Penancoet de Keroualle (Duchess of Portsmouth and Aubigny) was born in September 1649.
		Her parents were Guillaume de Penancoet conte de Keroualle and Marie-Anne (nee de Ploeuc).(3) Louise first met Charles II when she went to England in the Spring of 1670.
		Louise may have commissioned the painting as she would have been interested in promoting her new-found standing in society and expressing the power that ultimately went with that position.
	www.nzartmonthly.co.nz /ward_001.html (2435 words)

	Louise-Renee de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Portsmouth, Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, Duchess of, Countess Of Fareham, Baroness Petersfield, Duchess (duchesse) D'aubigny
		Portsmouth, Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, Duchess of, Countess Of Fareham, Baroness Petersfield, Duchess D'aubigny...
		"Portsmouth, Louise-Renée de Kéroualle, Duchess of, Countess Of Fareham, Baroness Petersfield, Duchess D'aubigny." Encyclopædia Britannica.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9061006 (750 words)

	Loiuse de Keroualle (Getty Museum) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Portrait of Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth
		Louise de Keroualle, the duchess of Portsmouth, sits in front of a window open to a lush landscape.
		Louise de Keroualle, who worked as a spy for Louis XIV, came to England from France as a Maid of Honour to the sister of King Charles II in 1670.
	www.getty.edu /art/collections/objects/o774.html (164 words)

	Kind Hearts and Coronets (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louise was the daughter of Guillaume de Penancoët, Count of Kéroualle and of Marie de Plœuc, who were married in February 1645.
		Louise's descendant the 10 th duke of Lennox and Richmond and 5 th Duke of Gordon inherited the titles in 1989.
		Christina de Kéroualle is married to the Viscount of Aubigny and is the daughter-in-law of the Count of Lassée.
	www.lammermoor.com /aubigny/interview.html (3520 words)

	Haddington Pipe Band (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, favourite of the King of England, Charles 11, and after her, through the children which Louise had, by Charles, the Duke of Richmond.
		Louise spent the last years of her life in Aubigny.
		In 1841, they lost the Chateau de La Verrerie to the De Vogue family, and thus rid themselves of the last of their inheritance, in Berry.
	www.cubic-design.co.uk /clients/haddington/aubigny.html (421 words)

	EARLS AND DUKES OF RICHMOND - LoveToKnow Article on EARLS AND DUKES OF RICHMOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		It was then given to John de Montfort, duke of Brittany, but on his death without heirs in 399, or possibly at an earlier date through forfeiture, it reverted to the crown.
		This Charles (1672-1723), on whom his father the king bestowed the surname of Lennox, was the son of the celebrated Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth.
		His son Charles, 2nd duke (1701-1750), addec~to the titles he inherited from his father that of duke of Aubigny in France, to which he succeeded in 1734 on the death of his grandmother the duchess of Portsmouth; and all these honors are stifi held by his descendant the present duke of Richmond.
	71.1911encyclopedia.org /R/RI/RICHMOND_EARLS_AND_DUKES_OF.htm (1434 words)

	Goodwood House (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The origins of the collection lay in the possessions of Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, and Duchess of Aubigny in France, to whom some of the paintings originally belonged.
		Louise was the favourite mistress of King Charles II from 1670 until his death in 1685; the 1st Duke of Richmond was their natural son.
		Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth by Sir Godfrey Kneller
	www.goodwood.co.uk /2004/house/treasures/painting.htm (472 words)

	MARCH (MONTH) - LoveToKnow Article on MARCH (MONTH) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In 1675 Charles conferred the titles of duke of Richmond and Lennox and earl of March on Charles Lennox, his natural son by Louise de Keroualle, duchess of Portsmouth, from whom the earldom of March has descended to its present holder the duke of Richmond and Gordon.
		Little is known of his career except that he was twice marriedfirst to Na Vsabel Martorell, and second to Na Johanna Scornathat he died on the 4th of November 1458, and that he left several natural children.
		Inheriting an easy fortune from his father, the treasurer to the duke of Gandia, and enjoying the powerful patronage of Prince Carlos de Viana of Aragon, March was enabled to devote himself to poetical composition.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MA/MARCH_MONTH_.htm (2113 words)

	AllRefer.com - Portsmouth, Louise RenEe de KEroualle, duchess of (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Portsmouth, Louise RenEe de KEroualle, duchess of (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Portsmouth, Louise RenEe de KEroualle, duchess of, British And Irish History, Biographies
		Portsmouth, Louise RenEe de KEroualle, duchess of[lwEz runA´ du kArOOAl´] Pronunciation Key, 1649–1734, French mistress of Charles II of England.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/P/PrtsmthLRK.html (247 words)

	LOUISE DE KEROUALLE, DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH - LoveToKnow Article on LOUISE DE KEROUALLE, DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE KEROUALLE, DUCHESS OF (1649-1734), mistress of the English king Charles PORTSMOUTH
		See H. Forneron, Louise de Kerouatte (Paris, 1886); and Mrs Colquhoun Grant, From Brittany to Whitehall (London, 1909).
		See: LOUISE DE KEROUALLE, DUCHESS OF PORTSMOUTH at LoveToKnow.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /P/PO/PORTSMOUTH_LOUISE_DE_KEROUALLE_DUCHESS_OF.htm (1441 words)

	succinct history (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Louise de Keroualle, favourite of the King of England Charles II, Duchess of PORTSMOUTH, received AUBIGNY from Louis XIV.
		Louise de Keroualle’s descendants live less and less in AUBIGNY.
		In 1840, the town belonged the chateau of AUBIGNY, and in 1841, the De Vogüé family purchased the chateau of LA VERRERIE (and is always landowner).
	www.aubigny.org /aubigny/uk/aubigny/histoire (306 words)

	NPG 497; Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth
		NPG 497; Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth
		Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth (1649-1734), Mistress of Charles II.
		She returned a year later to become the king's mistress, a role for which she had the support of the French government in the hope that she would be a diplomatic asset.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/portrait.asp?mkey=mw05102 (170 words)

	Antiques and the Arts Online
		Special sections of the exhibition are devoted to Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and Louise de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, the king's most important and influential mistresses.
		Barbara Villiers, the mother of six of the king's 14 known illegitimate children, set the standard of fashionable beauty and was painted many times by Lely, who is said to have put something of her appearance into all his portraits.
		Louise de Keroualle, sent from France by Louis XIV, brought French fashions - including portraiture - to court, and promoted French interest.
	antiquesandthearts.com /a2000.asp?a=GalleryHopping11-27-2001-12-15-34 (794 words)

	nell gwyn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She was known for her wit as well as her beauty.
		In 1681, when her carriage was booed by a throng that had mistaken her for another of Charles II's mistresses, the Catholic Louise de Keroualle, she responded "Pray, good people, be civil; I am the Protestant whore".
		It is thought to have been Nell who persuaded the king to build the Royal Hospital, Chelsea in London for ex-servicemen.
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /Nell_Gwyn.html (228 words)

	Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth (1649-1734), Mistress of Charles II
		Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth (1649-1734), Mistress of Charles II Sitter
		Louise de Kéroualle came first to England from France in 1670 as a maid of honour to Charles II's sister, the Duchess of Orleans.
		She returned to become the King's mistress in 1671, with the encouragement of the French government, who hoped she would be a diplomatic asset.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp03623 (218 words)

	Lauren Royal - Real People (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sadly, Queen Catharine never did present him with legitimate offspring, but at long last a descendent of his is poised to sit on the throne, since Princess Diana and her sons are descended from Charles II and Barbara, through their son Charles Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, born in 1663.
		Born in 1649 in France, Louise first came to England in 1670 as a maid of honor to Charles's sister, Henrietta.
		Though Louise's unpopularity was due mostly to her being French and Catholic, she was also known to be wildly extravagant with the King's money.
	www.laurenroyal.com /3.0/bookshelf/people (2118 words)

	YCBA - Great British Paintings from American Collections
		Special sections of the exhibition will be devoted to Charles II's most important and influential mistresses: Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth.
		Barbara Villiers, the mother of six of the King's numerous illegitimate children, set the standard of fashionable beauty and was painted many times by Sir Peter Lely (1618-1680), who is said to have put something of her appearance into all his portraits.
		Louise de Kéroualle, sent from France by Louis XIV, brought French fashions—including portraiture—to the court and promoted French interests.
	www.yale.edu /ycba/exhibitions/past/painted_ladies/painted_ladies.htm (848 words)

	PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE - Online Information article about PORTSMOUTH, LOUISE DE
		LOUISE DE K$ROUALLE, DUCHESS of (1649-1734), See also:
		The name of Keroualle was derived from an heiress whom her ancestor See also:
		Brittany, and their name was so spelt by themselves.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /POL_PRE/PORTSMOUTH_LOUISE_DE.html (794 words)

	French culture and life in France - Champs-Elysees Blog: Scotland-en-France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		She had been sent over by the Sun King to seduce Charles and was the conduit for French funds secretly made over to the English crown to keep it out of France's European wars.
		Louise was hated by the English but adored by Charles who made her Duchess of Portsmouth, and their illegitimate children started the line of Dukes of Richmond and Lennox.
		The 16th century castle is now the town hall, and Louise de Keroualle's gardens extend to one side.
	www.champs-elyseesblog.com /archives/2005/07/scotland-en-fra.html (590 words)

	Find in a Library: Rival sultanas: Nell Gwyn, Louise de Kéroualle, and Hortense Mancini
		Rival sultanas: Nell Gwyn, Louise de Kéroualle, and Hortense Mancini
		Portsmouth, Louise Renée de Penancoët de Kéroualle, -- duchess of, -- 1646-1699.
		Mazarin, Hortense Mancini, -- duchesse de, -- 1646-1699.
	www.worldcatlibraries.org /wcpa/ow/733814bf6e6e43fb.html (73 words)

	National Portrait Gallery \| Press releases \| Painted Ladies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Special sections of the exhibition will be devoted to Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland, and Louise de Kéroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth, the King's most important and influential mistresses.
		Barbara Villiers, the mother of 6 of the King's 14 known illegitimate children, set the standard of fashionable beauty and was painted many times by Lely, who is said to have put something of her appearance into all his portraits.
		Louise de Kéroualle, sent from France by Louis XIV, brought French fashions - including portraiture - to court, and promoted French interests.
	195.172.6.37 /betsie/parser.pl/0005/www.npg.org.uk/live/prelplad.asp (832 words)

	Some of the cast of Invitation to a Funeral
		Hortense Mancini, Duchess of Mazarin (born circa 1645).
		Briefly the chief rival of both Nell Gwyn and Louise de Kéroualle, and possibly the most striking in appearance of all Charles II's mistresses, she was tall with waist-length fl hair and eyes that changed colour with the light.
		Besides her great beauty, she was also known for her compulsive gambling, her skill with guns and swords, and a certain propensity for dressing in men's clothing.
	www.okima.com /cast (739 words)

	Yale's Painted Ladies Explores Women of the Court - The Tripod - Arts
		The current exhibit at Yale focuses on, but not at the exclusion of many others, Barbara Villiers and Louise de Keroualle, two of Charles principle mistresses.
		Shifting to the later part of Charles reign we see a portrait of Louise de Keroualle by Pierre Mignard done in 1682.
		Here, de Keroualle is painted as a sea nymph and rendered in a loose flowing gown.
	www.trinitytripod.com /news/2002/02/26/Arts/Yales.Painted.Ladies.Explores.Women.Of.The.Court-194601.shtml (1248 words)

	Nell Gwyn (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		When crowds booed Nell's carriage, thinking she was Louise, she leaned out of the window and called 'I am the Protestant whore!'
		She was never ashamed of her position, and never ceased to delight the King - who grew very bored indeed with Louise, and with his earlier mistress Barbara Villiers.
		And she never attempted, as they did, to interfere in politics.
	www.parkeriters.com /gwyn.htm (62 words)

	::: Discovery Channel UK ::: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He even gave the title maitresse en titre to Louise de Keroualle, recognising her as his official mistress.
		Louis XV's mistress for 20 years, Madame de Pompadour, was installed in a sumptuous purpose-built apartment in the Palace of Versailles, adorned with great works of art.
		As the Victorian age brought propriety and sobriety to Britain, Victoria's son, the future Edward VII, blatantly flaunted the rules.
	travel.discoveryeurope.com /staging/clive3/themistress/feature1.shtml (261 words)

	Rupert Graves Online - Filmography: Charles II - The Power & The Passion.
		Rufus Sewell, Rupert Graves, Helen McCrory, Martin Freeman and Ian McDiarmid star in a four-part drama serial about the life of King Charles II for BBC ONE, it was announced by BBC Controller of Drama Commissioning, Jane Tranter.
		The focus of King Charles II is his court, his squabbling family and his glamorous mistresses - from the high-born and promiscuous Barbara Villiers (Helen McCrory), through folk heroine and sex symbol of the day Nell Gwynne (Emma Pierson) to the French spy Louise de Keroualle (Mélanie Thierry).
		It is an original take on a historical period written by award-winning screenwriter Adrian Hodges, whose credits include David Copperfield and The Lost World, which penetrates to the heart of the charismatic monarch who was deeply traumatised by the execution of his father.
	www.rupert-graves.com /filmography/charles.html (466 words)

	Auckland Art Gallery - What's on
		In context - Ann Gelbmann: Louise de Keroualle
		Ann holds an MA in the History of Dress from the Courtauld institute, London, and has worked with fashion and textiles at the Victoria and Albert Museum.
		Ann's Masters dissertation focused on the influence of the French upon English dress during the reign of Charles II and, in particular, the significance of Louise de Keroualle during this period of the history of dress.
	www.aucklandartgallery.govt.nz /activities/events/whatson.asp?date=15-January-2004 (332 words)

	worldhouseinfo
		The main block was designed by Italian architect by [[Alessandro Galilei]] and the wings were added by [[Edward Lovett Pearce]] in 1724.
		The house was inherited by Tom Connolly in 1758 and the interior decoration was finished by his wife [[Louisa LennoxLady Louisa]] (great-grand-daughter of [[Charles II of England]] and [[Louise de Keroualle]]) during the 1760s and 1770s.
		Much of the work was carried out to designs of [[William Chambers]].
	www.worldhouseinfo.com /castledown-house.htm (131 words)

	France (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Chateau de la Verrerie was completed by Robert Stuart, a member of the Royal House of Stuart, whose family had received the estate from Charles VI of France.
		This branch of the family died out in 1684 and the Chateau was given by Louis XIV to Louise de Keroualle, mistress of Charles II.
		In 1842 the Chateau was sold to the Vogue family.
	www.heritagesites.eu.com /france/verreri.htm (94 words)

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