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	Lounes Matoub
		Accompanied by his wife and two sisters-in-law, Lounes Matoub was returning home from a lunch in Tizi Ouzou when a dozen armed men ambushed him at about 1:30 PM killing him and wounding his wife and her sisters.
		Matoub defended himself with his own gun but was not able to escape the ambush.
		The assassination of Matoub is considered by observers as an attempt by the perpetrators to destabilize once again the Kabylie region and to initiate a civil war.
	www.amazighworld.org /history/lounesmatoub/naj1998.php (1073 words)

	Lounès Matoub - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lounès Matoub (January 24, 1956 - June 25, 1998) is a famous Kabyle singer who was a prominent advocate of the Berber cause and secularism in Algeria throughout his life.
		Lounes Matoub was born on 24 January 1956 in the village of Taourirt Moussa in Kabylie.
		On 30 June 1998 the GIA claimed responsibility for the assassination of Lounes Matoub.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Matoub_Lounes (1129 words)

	Tamazight Lost its Popular Singer and Activist
		On Thursday June 25, 1998 Matoub Lounes was assassinated at a roadblock between Tizi-Ouzou and his hometown of Taourirt Moussa, Ait Douala.
		Matoub became very popular, reaching the top of his career during Bendjedid Chadli’s era (1978-1991) when corruption and cronyism were widespread.
		Matoub Lounes is the fifth Algerian singer to die in the last four years.
	zighen-aym.site.voila.fr /matoub.html (1280 words)

	Lounes Matoub
		This section is dedicated to the assassinated lyricist-singer, Lounes Matoub, a militant whose death created a martyr for the cause of Tamazight and the Amazigh identity.
		Matoub has inspired thousands of young activists, outside, as well as inside Algeria, where he was born.
		Lounes Matoub, from The North Africa Journal, 1998.
	www.amazighworld.org /history/lounesmatoub/index.php (125 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| The birth of Matoub Lounes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Matoub was born on 26 January 1956 in Taourirt Moussa, a village close to Tizi Ouzou in the heart of the mountains of the Kabylie, Algeria's main Berber-speaking region.
		While his rivals aired their doubts as to whether the whole incident were not just a hoax, other commentators expressed incredulity that anyone should return alive from the hands of the Islamists, and drew parallels with other incidents widely believed to have been the work of the armed forces.
		As ever, Matoub was in the forefront of the resistance that was being organised to meet the Arabisation Law head on on 5 July.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/384/re6.htm (833 words)

	BBC News \| AFRICA \| Algerian singer's 'assassins' on trial
		Lounes Matoub, whose songs gave vent to the separatist aspirations of the Berbers, the indigenous people of North Africa, was gunned down in his car on a winding road in the Kabylie mountains, east of Algiers in June 1998.
		Matoub had been kidnapped by the armed Islamic group, Gia, four years earlier, and warned that if he did not stop singing he would be killed.
		Matoub sang on regardless, but his open protestations that he was not an Arab and did not have to be a Muslim challenged not just Islamist tenets, but also those of the state as it sought to enforce a programme of Arabisation.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/world/middle_east/1079853.stm (376 words)

	Al-Ahram Weekly \| Revamping the protest song
		The assassination of Matoub Lounes on 25 June unleashed a wave of protest from the Kabyle minority in Algeria and among Kabyle immigrants living in France.
		Matoub Lounes was a symbol for Algeria's Kabyle minority.
		And among Kabyle artists, he was the most bitter critic of the Algerian government, accusing it of persecuting the Kabyle minority, of incompetence in confronting the Islamists, of deep seated corruption and economic mismanagement.
	weekly.ahram.org.eg /1998/385/op2.htm (988 words)

	Matoub Lounes \|\|\| Mondomix * musiques du monde * world music
		The Algerian poet and singer Lounes Matoub was assassinated by the GIA on 25 June 1998, on a mountain road in his native region of Kabylie.
		A fierce defender of the Tamazight language, with an outspoken pro-democratic, anti-Islamist and anti-governmental stance, he was a figurehead for militants of democracy in Algeria and more specifically for those fighting for recognition of the Tamazight language and culture.
		Despite having received repeated death threats and even having been kidnapped in 1994, Lounes Matoub fearlessly dedicated his wonderful talents as writer, unique voice and ultimately his life to a struggle that continues to this day.
	matoub_lounes.mondomix.com /en/artiste.htm (184 words)

	Algeria on brink after murder of Berber singer
		Matoub, 42, was as famous among French Algerians as he was at home, and several thousand people gathered in the Place de la République in Paris and in Marseilles on Sunday to pay tribute to him.
		Lounes Matoub was a symbol of resistance to attacks on Berber culture - whether from zealous Islamic fundamentalists or government bureaucrats.
		Matoub was a fierce opponent of the murderous Muslim zealots who took up arms against the government in 1992 after they cancelled elections that the Islamists were set to win.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /htmlContent.jhtml?html=/archive/1998/06/30/walg30.html (676 words)

	Salaam Knowledge (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Matoub’s words shaped the music and shrouded the melody, reaching the deepest emotions among the folk of the Berber mountain villages.
		Matoub was co-founder of the MCB (Mouvement culturel berbere).
		Lounes Matoub was born at Taurirt-Moussa, a village in Greater Kabylia, in Algeria.
	www.salaam.co.uk /knowledge/biography/viewentry.php?id=1040 (196 words)

	Emazighen.com / The Rebel is Dead (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		While Matoub, unlike many of his comrades, was never arrested for his explicit support of Kabyle cultural-linguistic rights, his songs—a mix of oriental Cha’abi musical orchestration with politicized Berber (Tamazight) lyrics—were often banned from Algerian airwaves.
		Matoub was a stalwart supporter of efforts to change the status of Tamazight.
		Responding to Matoub’s "call to arms" at the end of his autobiography,6 the Armed Berber Movement has threatened a "traditional" vendetta against Matoub’s killers and the "elimination" of any Algerian attempting to apply the new law.
	www.emazighen.com /article.php3?id_article=48 (1170 words)

	news and letters August/September Lead article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lounes Matoub, the internationally known Algerian singer, was killed in June in an ambush near his home in Tizi-Ouzou, Kabylia, the center of that country's large non-Arab Berber population.
		Matoub's music and political statements had been a thorn in the side of the two most powerful groups in the country, the military government and the Islamic fundamentalists who have been fighting against them since 1993.
		Matoub had long been on the fundamentalists' death list because his songs dealt frankly with sexuality and other "forbidden" themes, and because of his support for the secular Berber-based political party, the Assembly for Culture and Democracy.
	www.newsandletters.org /Issues/1999/Aug-Sept/algeria9-98.html (393 words)

	Matoub Lounes \|\|\| Mondomix * musiques du monde * world music
		Lounès Matoub est assassiné par le GIA (groupe islamiste armé), à quelques kilomètres de son village natal, Tawrit Musa, en plein cur de la Kabylie.
		Lounès Matoub allait trop loin, parlait trop fort.
		Les chansons de Lounès Matoub continuent à narguer les intégristes de tous poils et à aider les autres à se tenir debout."Les seuls combats perdus d'avance sont les combats que l'on renonce à mener.
	matoub_lounes.mondomix.com /fr/portrait88.htm (536 words)

	The Berbers: fighting on two fronts
		Lounes Matoub, a whisky drinker who wrote lyrics mocking the Islamists, was the man many non-Berbers loved to hate.
		The death of Lounes Matoub has come at a dangerous moment, only a few days before a new law comes into effect making Arabic the sole official language.
		Berber speakers like Matoub argued this is a government attempt to appease the fundamentalists and which the Berbers would fight to prevent.
	www.hartford-hwp.com /archives/32/081.html (474 words)

	TAWIZA amazigh startpagina
		Matoub was killed by gunmen in June 1998 on a mountain road near his hometown.
		Matoub on June 25, 1998; his car was sprayed with 79 bullets.
		Matoub's, but they are being sung softly by three young women standing side by side on the edge of a mountain road.
	www.tawiza.nl /content/nieuws.php?igg=nieuws&id=263 (1008 words)

	WAAC's News Updates: 6-28-01
		Matoub's mother has been confining herself to her home since the fatal day.
		No one voices the reason for this needless act of repression against Matoub Lounes, who is now, not only a hero of the fight for Tamazight, but also an inspiration to all the young men and women of Kabylia.
		A stone plaque, engraved with the names of all the young people who have died in the protests, with their date of birth and death, and pictures were to be sealed beside Matoub Lounes' tomb so the young people could meet Lounes in eternel rest.
	www.waac.info /amazigh/news/2001/6-28-01b.html (290 words)

	Death of a music man
		Lounes Matoub was ambushed shortly after noon on a mountain road leading to his native village of Taourirt Moussa.
		Matoub's death came nearly four years after he was kidnapped by about 20 suspected members of the GIA near the site where he was killed.
		Matoub was the latest in a long list of celebrities who have been murdered in the Algerian civil war.
	www.expressindia.com /ie/daily/19980627/17850794.html (571 words)

	Lounes Matoub
		Lounes Matoub was a Berber singer-songwriter who wrote lyrics mocking the Islamists in Algeria.
		Berber speakers like Matoub argued that this was a government attempt to appease fundamentalists and which Berbers should fight.
		Matoub was ambushed and shot several times by govenment gendarmes in October 1988.
	www.ntpi.org /html/lounesmatoub.html (196 words)

	Emazighen.com / Berber Rising ! (part 4)
		They had known each other for 20 years, since before Matoub began recording in 1978, so this event was both a joyful reunion, and a chance for Alileche to discover the cultural milieu of San Francisco, where he now lives.
		Matoub Lounes became a highly visible figure in this struggle.
		Nobody knows for certain who killed Matoub Lounes, but Alileche went back to Kabylia in 2000, and he says that virtually everyone there believes that the government did it.
	www.emazighen.com /article.php3?id_article=18&date=2005-01 (1407 words)

	Lounes, Matoub Biography
		Lounes is a distinctive vocalist who was wounded by government bullets and kidnapped by Islamist radicals, before he was finally assassinated by the latter at a road block in 1998.
		Lounes wrote songs which openly challenged both the Islamist and the government, asserting the linguistic and cultural rights of the Kabylies.
		Clearly, Matoub Lounes sets the standard for social involvement on the part of the artist.
	www.gatewayofafrica.com /artists/biography/9.html (121 words)

	La Kabylie de Matoub LOUNES
		Tout savoir sur Lounès Matoub, Idir et Aït Menguellet
		Ecouter des chansons de Matoub Lounès, Idir, Aït Menguellet et Takfarinas
		L'auteur de ses lignes s'appellait Lounès Matoub, star de la chanson kabyle et héros dans sa région natale, la Kabylie.
	matoub.kabylie.free.fr (121 words)

	Declaration of The Friends of the Lounes Matoub Foundation
		This verdict, announced against the sister of Lounès Matoub, confirms yet again an old habit of the Algerian regime: justice has to subordinate everything, including itself, to the interests of power and its allies.
		After a month of waiting, with no word from the RCD, Matoub began to realize that they were not going to fulfill their promise and tried in vain to retrieve his documents.
		The population, who remain loyal to The Matoub Foundation, accepted this verdict with a deep sense of injustice and watched in disgust as all of these little despots and courtesans express their joy in a media frenzy that has never before so closely approached the absurd.
	www.waac.info /amazigh/human_rights/declarations/kabylia/declaration_friends_of_lounes_matoub_foundation.html (586 words)

	ALGERIA / PEACE
		The sounds of schoolchildren mingle with the sounds of the music that made her son, Lounes Matoub, so famous - not only as a singer, but as a champion of the struggles of Algeria's Berber minority.
		Matoub says she is waiting for justice -- justice that President Abdelaziz Bouteflika promised her would be rendered.
		Matoub is not the only one waiting to see what Algeria's leader will do next.
	globalsecurity.org /military/library/news/1999/10/991021-algeria.htm (802 words)

	MATOUB LOUNES
		Rappelons que c’est la huitième fois en France que le nom de Matoub Lounès est donné à un édifice public ou à une rue.
		Ce geste de reconnaissance envers Matoub Lounès qui a combattu aux côtés des démocrates algériens l’intégrisme et, bien avant, lutté contre la dictature du parti unique, le FLN, gagnerait à être médité en Algérie.
		Malgré la dimension internationale atteinte par Matoub, auquel le quotidien américain le plus prestigieux The New York Times avait consacré un reportage de deux pages il y a deux ans, une seule place porte son nom en Algérie.
	www.berberescope.com /matoub_lounes.htm (2066 words)

	Amazon.com: Lettre Ouverte Aux: Music: Lounes Matoub (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Lounes Matoub was killed a few days before this CD was released.
		In particular, the song "open letter to...," sung with the rythm of the Algerian national anthem, is an attack directed at the 37 year old Arabo-Islamic Algerian dictatorship for ruining Algeria politically, economically, socially, and culturally and for being the cause of the current crisis that has plagued the Algerian people.
		The quality of both the music and the words are fantastic.IMHO Matoub Lounes have reached in this last CD the summit of his artistic carreer, which is highly vaunted, owing to the aforesaid statement.
	www.amazon.com /exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/B00000AGLU?v=glance (619 words)

	Matoub Lounes \|\|\| Mondomix * musiques du monde * world music
		The Algerian poet and singer Lounes Matoub was assassinated by the GIA on 25 June 1998, on a mountain road in his native region of Kabylie.
		A fierce defender of the Tamazight language, with an outspoken pro-democratic, anti-Islamist and anti-governmental stance, he was a figurehead for militants of democracy in Algeria and more specifically for those fighting for recognition of the Tamazight language and culture.
		Despite having received repeated death threats and even having been kidnapped in 1994, Lounes Matoub fearlessly dedicated his wonderful talents as writer, unique voice and ultimately his life to a struggle that continues to this day.
	www.mondomix.com /en/artist.php?artist_id=88 (190 words)

	UNESCO CONDEMNS ASSASSINATION OF ALGERIAN SINGER LOUNES MATOUB {25 June 1998} (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		UNESCO CONDEMNS ASSASSINATION OF ALGERIAN SINGER LOUNES MATOUB
		Lounes Matoub was already kidnapped in September 1994, today he was killed by people who cannot bear that others sing, or think freely.”
		All too many Algerians have paid with their blood for the madness of the instigators of violence and intolerance.” Mr Mayor extended his condolences to the family.
	www.unesco.org /bpi/eng/unescopress/98-138e.htm (152 words)

	ECM
		Central to the album is the seventeen minute suite 'Hommage à Lounès Matoub', dedicated to the Algerian protest singer who was murdered in 1998.
		The rigorously independent Matoub, who lived for a time in Paris, was highly critical of a succession of corrupt and repressive regimes in Algeria and equally opposed to militant fundamentalist Islam.
		Shot by the police in 1988, kidnapped by assailants (who also murdered Rai singer Chab Hasni) in 1994, Matoub was finally gunned down four years later by a dozen assassins outside his native village, and died at the age of 42.
	www.ecmrecords.com /Background/ECM/1700/Bgr_1705.php (1238 words)

	Assassination of Algerian singer Lounes draws strong condemnations
		Renowned Algerian singer Matoub Lounes was killed on Thursday near his village in al-Qabeil (tribes) district, in addition to other 17 civilians who were killed on Wednesday night in al-Saeeda province, 400 Km to the Southern West of the capital Algiers, whereas the security forces killed 18 extremists affiliated to "al-Ahwal" contingent.
		Lounes was murdered when he was stopped at a fake barrcade in his native al-Qabeil.
		Lounes, 42, the most popular political singer in Algeria had increased his opposition against the Armed Islamic Group (GIA) after he had survived a 15-day kidnapping by the end of September 1994.
	www.arabicnews.com /ansub/Daily/Day/980627/1998062714.html (486 words)

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