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Topic: Low Franconian

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Franconian language

West Frisian language

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	Low Franconian languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Low Franconian is any of several West Germanic languages spoken in The Netherlands, northern Belgium, and South Africa.
		In Germany it is common to consider the Limburgian dialects as Low Franconian; in The Netherlands and Belgium however they are seen as Central or High German.
		This difference is caused by a difference in definition: the linguists of the Low Countries define a Low German dialect as one that has only taken part in the fourth phase of the High German consonant shift.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_Franconian (173 words)

	Low Saxon language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Nedersaksisch, Neddersassisch,) is any of a variety of Low German ("Nedderdüütsch" in Low Saxon) dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
		Low Saxon, East Low German and Low Franconian are classified together as Low German.
		The distinction between Low Saxon, East Low German and Low Franconian (on one side) or High German (on the other side) is not precisely defined; there are several clines that vary smoothly from one dialect to another.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Low_Saxon (885 words)

	A few words about Low Saxon (Low German) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Saxon is used as a minority language in the northern parts of Germany and in the eastern parts of the Netherlands.
		Low Saxon used to be the language of the medieval Hanseatic (Hansa) Trading League that began in the mid-13th century as a protective alliance of several port cities along the shores of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.
		Low Saxon lost its influence with the decline of the Hanseatic League in the late 16th century or in the early 17th century.
	www.sassisch.net /rhahn/low-saxon/lowsax-engl.htm (1610 words)

	Encyclopedia: Low German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League.
		Low German is also sometimes used to refer to any German dialect which differs from the official German language, but this is not linguistic use.
		The term "Low German" is often restricted to Low Saxon, one of its three main branches, or extended to all of West Germanic except for High German.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Low-German (424 words)

	GERMAN LANGUAGE - LoveToKnow Article on GERMAN LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Franconian, the parent, as we have already said, of Flemish and Dutch, and an eastern division, Low Saxon (Plattdeutsch, or, as it is often simply called, Low German).
		Low Saxon is usually divided into Westphalian (to the west of the Weser) and Low Saxon proper, between Weser and Elbe.
		The High Franconian dialects, that is to say, east and south (or south-Rheriish) Franconian, which are separated broadly speaking by the river Neckar, comprise the language spoken in a part of Baden, the dialects of the Main valley from Wurzburg upwards to Bamberg, the dialect of Nuremberg and probably of the Vogtland (Plauen) and Egerland.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GERMAN_LANGUAGE.htm (7834 words)

	Low Saxon language - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, Plattdüütsch, Nedderdüütsch or Neddersassisch) is any of a variety of Low German dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
		The distinction between Low Saxon and Low Franconian (on one side) or High German (on the other side) is not precisely defined; there are several clines[?] that vary smoothly from one dialect to another.
		Low Saxon was once much more widespread than today, being used as a lingua franca throughout the Baltic region, under the influence of the Hanseatic League.
	openproxy.ath.cx /lo/Low_Saxon.html (414 words)

	DIALECT DESCRIPTIONS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Their Low German dialect tends to use "i" instead of "ie":tid (tied, time) and min (mien, mine), as well as the 'k' sound for "ch", as in the "-ken" diminutive ending in betken (beten, little bit).
		The Franconian dialect (from the tribe known as the Franks) carries with it remnants of Middle High German (Upper Franconian).
		The various Low German dialects in the area east of the Elbe River are of relatively recent origin.
	www.iserv.net /~bsman/dialect_descriptions.htm (2856 words)

	Dutch language - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The West Germanic dialects can be divided according to tribe (Frisian, Saxon, Franconian, Bavarian and Swabian), and according to the extent of their participation in the High German consonant shift (Low German against High German).
		The present Dutch standard language is largely derived from Low Franconian dialects spoken in the Low Countries that must have reached a separate identity no later than about AD 700.
		There is in fact a dialect continuum which blurs any clear boundary between Dutch and Low German, and the Low Franconian rural dialects of the Lower Rhine are much closer to Hollandic than to standard German.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Dutch_language (3456 words)

	German Language Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Whether Low German and High German are separate languages or not, is a matter of opinion; they do form, however, a dialect continuum where each dialect is closely related to its neighbor dialects, no matter whether they are Low or High German.
		Low Franconian includes Dutch and Flemish, spoken in the Netherlands and Belgium; Low Saxon includes dialects spoken in the German Lowlands and in the eastern Netherlands.
		Central German dialects include Ripuarian, Luxembourgish, Moselle Franconian, Rhine Franconian, Hessian, Thuringian, and Upper Saxon, and are spoken in the southeastern Netherlands, eastern Belgium, Luxembourg, parts of France, and in Germany approximately between the River Main and the southern edge of the Lowlands.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/German_language (3655 words)

	Encyclopedia: Low Franconian languages (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Subdivisions East Low German Low Franconian Low Saxon Low German (in Low German, Platt(düütsch) or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
		In Germany it is common to consider the Limburgian dialects as Low Franconian; in The Netherlands and Belgium however they are seen as Middle German or High German.
		See also: Franconian language The term Flemish language can designate: the official language of Flanders, which is Dutch with only very small variations; any of the regional dialects of Dutch spoken in Belgium; these are more different from Dutch than the official language of Flanders; one of these dialects, the West Flemish.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Low-Franconian-languages (700 words)

	Germanic Languages
		Old Low German consisted of a pair of West Germanic languages, spoken along the North Sea coast and somewhat inland, Old Saxon and Low Franconian.
		Low Franconian was the ancestor of Middle Dutch and Dutch-Flemish.
		Low Franconian is probably a lineal or collateral descendent of the collection of ancient West Germanic dialects called Frankish.
	softrat.home.mindspring.com /germanic.html (3010 words)

	Dutch language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Dutch is a Low German language within the West Germanic branch (see the table above).
		The Zeeuws of most of Zeeland is closer to Flemish dialects than to standard Dutch, and the similar Zeeuws of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen is not Dutch at all but rather a form of West Flemish.
		Some dialects such as Limburgs and several Low Saxon-influenced dialects are sometimes elevated to the status of streektaal (area language), and then discussed as separate languages.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/d/du/dutch_language.html (2093 words)

	German Genealogy: Dialects
		Mosel Franconian is spoken in the region of the old Electorate of Trier.
		Low German, even Middle and Low Franconian (Flemish) elements have influence in the north, while characteristics of Main and East Franconianin appear in the south.
		North Frisian is spoken on the Hallig islands and the neighboring strip of mainland on the western coast of southern Jutland and Schleswig, with elements of Danish and Low German mixed in.
	www.genealogienetz.de /misc/dialect-e.html (1405 words)

	Low Franconian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Franconian is any of several West Germanic language s spoken in the Netherlands, northern Belgium, and South Africa.
		Franconian International School We offer English language education to members of the international community in the Nürnberg, Fürth, Erlangen, and Herzogenaurach areas in southeastern Germany.
		Agora Language Marketplace Extensive collection of resources: learning materials, language publishers, study abroad, language lab hardware, newsletter for the language professional, and a section devoted to business.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Low_Franconian_language.html (445 words)

	Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Other significant languages includes a number of Low German languages including Dutch, and the Scandinavian languages.
		For example, many Low Saxon dialects are discussed on Low Saxon besides just Standard Low Saxon and Plautdietsch.
		Wymysojer (with a significant influence from Low Saxon, Dutch, Polish and Scots)
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Germanic_languages (629 words)

	Maps of Indo-European Languages-German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low German refers to any German dialect except the standard or "High German" understood throughout the entire region of Germany.
		Low German dialects descended from Middle Low German and Old Low German counterparts, which in turn came from the West Germanic sub-branch of the Germanic branch of Indo-European languages.
		Modern Low German is most closely related to High German, Frisian and the Anglo-Saxon ancestor of Modern English.
	web.cn.edu /kwheeler/IE_Centum_German.html (189 words)

	MSN Encarta - German Language
		A later change, found also in Low German, is that of the Germanic th to d (High German das, Low German dat,”that”).
		Another characteristic of German, as well as of all the Germanic languages, is that the principal accent falls regularly upon the first syllable of a word; in verbal combinations, however, the root syllable, not the prefix, is stressed.
		As a result of the colonization of the Baltic regions by the Teutonic Knights, Low German spread throughout the lands east of the Elbe to Brandenburg, Mecklenburg, and Pomerania, as well as parts of Prussia.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567950/German_Language.html (631 words)

	Low Franconian language -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low-Franconian dialects are also spoken in the German area along the (A major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea) Rhine between Cologne and the border between Germany and The Netherlands.
		In Germany it is common to consider the (Click link for more info and facts about Limburgian) Limburgian dialects as Low Franconian; in The Netherlands and Belgium however they are seen as Middle German or (The standard German language; developed historically from West Germanic) High German.
		This difference is caused by a difference in definition: the linguists of the Low Countries define a Low German dialect as one that has not taken part in the (Click link for more info and facts about Second Germanic sound shift) Second Germanic sound shift at all.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/l/lo/low_franconian_language.htm (341 words)

	the French vs. the Franks (page 2) \| Antimoon Forum
		Dutch is a Low German language within the West Germanic branch
		This is bullshit...modern dutch has little incommon with Lower franconian.
		As a result, low franconian couldn't have influenced Dutch (like you claimed), because it was spoken way earlier.
	www.antimoon.com /forum/posts/6655-2.htm (1307 words)

	LOW SAXON LANGUAGE FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low Saxon (in Low Saxon, ''Nedersaksisch'', ''Neddersassisch'') is any of a variety of Low_German
		(''"NedderdÃ¼Ã¼tsch"'' in Low Saxon) dialects spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
		Low Saxon, East Low German and Low Franconian are classified together as Low_German.
	www.livingflowers.com /Low_Saxon_language (754 words)

	Low German Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Low German (in Low German: Plattdüütsch or Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands and Belgium.
		It also includes Afrikaans, which is spoken in South Africa, and Plautdietsch, which is spoken by Mennonite communities in North and South America.
		It tends to lead to confusion when discussing the German language: in such use many dialects called 'Low German' are actually High German dialects.
	www.greatartworks.com /search/encyclopedia/Low_German (590 words)

	HIGH GERMAN FACTS AND INFORMATION
		It is distinguished from Low German mainly by its participation in the High_German_consonant_shift.
		The German term ''Hochdeutsch'' is also used loosely, but not by linguists, to mean standard written German as opposed to dialect, because the standard language developed out of High rather than Low German.
		The name "High German" contrasts with "Low German", a term variously used to refer to the Low_Saxon_dialects originating from around the Baltic city of LÃ¼beck; these dialects together with the Low_Franconian_languages (Dutch, West_Flemish, and Afrikaans); or all of the Western Germanic languages other than High German (including English and Frisian).
	www.beatlesfacts.com /High_German (435 words)

	DIALECTS AND HIGH GERMAN
		Low German (including Anglo-Saxon) was not affected by the soundshift at all.
		The line between Low and Middle German is called the "maken/machen" line.
		The Low German band of this map shows less differentiation than the Middle and Upper bands, but Mecklenburg, West- and East Pomerania, Brandenburg and East Prussia certainly also have dialect variants of their own.
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/dialects.htm (1177 words)

	JH Prospectus: Dutch background (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		One of the major Frankish dialects, usually referred to as Old Low Franconian, or, more precisely, Old West Low Franconian, is the Frankish dialect spoken before 1100 a.d.
		The linguistic period designated as "Middle Dutch" is generally held to encompass the language used from about the 12th century until the beginning of the 16th.
		The paucity of texts which is so problematic for students of Old Low Franconian (or Old Dutch) is far less of an issue during this period.
	www.germanic.ucla.edu /grads/jharvey/prospectus/dutch.htm (724 words)

	franconian language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		South Low Franconian (Netherlands, Belgium and North Rhine-Westphalia)
		East Franconian (Bavaria, Thuringia, Hesse, Baden-Württemberg, Saxony and Czech Republic)
		Main Franconian, colloquially called Franconian since dialects of this sub-family are spoken all over Franconia (Bavaria, Thuringia, Hesse)
	www.yourencyclopedia.net /franconian_language.html (176 words)

	Low Franconian Language Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
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	www.alienartifacts.com /search/encyclopedia/Low_Franconian_language (371 words)

	Amazon.ca: Books: The Rhine Franconian Element in Old French (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		All evidence considered by Meyer-Lbke, Gamillscheg, and Wartburg concerning the features distinguishing the High German dialects from Low Franconian is examined to determine whether French borrowed from Old High German as well as Low Franconian and, if so, to identify the dialect or dialects involved.
		It is concluded that, contrary to Gamillscheg, French borrowed appreciably from Old High German and from Rhine Franconian rather than, as Meyer-Lbke and Wartburg thought, from the higher East Franconian dialect, which both they and Gamillscheg took to be typical of High German.
		The further conclusion that, collectively, loans from Low Franconian were earlier than those from Rhine Franconian permits proposal of an approximate date for the extinction of Low Franconian in France.
	www.amazon.ca /exec/obidos/ASIN/0820441899 (308 words)

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