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Topic: Low German

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East Low German

High German

Low Franconian language

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Low Saxon language

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	Low Germanic languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Low Germanic languages (Nederduitse talen, Niederdeutsche Sprachen) are any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Surinam.
		Middle Low German was the lingua franca of the Hanseatic League.
		The Low Germanic languages are distinguished from the High Germanic languages principally in that the latter underwent the High German consonant shift in the 700s and 800s.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_Germanic_languages (397 words)

	Low German - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Low German (also called Plattdeutsch, Plattdüütsch or Low Saxon, Old Saxon) is a name for the regional language varieties of the Low Germanic languages spoken mainly in northern Germany, and eastern Netherlands.
		Low German is a part of the West Germanic dialect continuum.
		Low German has commonality with the English language, the Scandinavian languages and Frisian in that it has not been influenced by the High Germanic consonant shift except for old /ð/ having shifted to /d/.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_German (1562 words)

	Low German language
		Low German (in Low German, Nedderdüütsch) is any of a variety of West Germanic languages spoken in northern Germany and the Netherlands.
		The term "Low German" is often restricted to Low Saxon, one of its two main branches, or extended to all of West Germanic except for High German.
		Low German is distinguished from High German principally in that the latter underwent a consonant shift in the 700s and 800s.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/lo/LowGerman.html (262 words)

	GERMAN LANGUAGE - LoveToKnow Article on GERMAN LANGUAGE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		As thu middle ages did not produce a German Schriftsprache or literary language in the modern sense of the word, which as is undoubtedly the case in Modern Germanmight have influenced the spoken langunge (Umgangssprache), the history of the language in its earlier stages is a history of different dialects.
		Low Franconian, the parent, as we have already said, of Flemish and Dutch, and an eastern division, Low Saxon (Plattdeutsch, or, as it is often simply called, Low German).
		German literary style underwent a similar rejuvenation, for we are on the threshold of the second classical period of German literature.
	54.1911encyclopedia.org /G/GE/GERMAN_LANGUAGE.htm (7834 words)

	A few words about Low Saxon (Low German) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Low Saxon is used as a minority language in the northern parts of Germany and in the eastern parts of the Netherlands.
		Low Saxon used to be the language of the medieval Hanseatic (Hansa) Trading League that began in the mid-13th century as a protective alliance of several port cities along the shores of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea.
		Low Saxon lost its influence with the decline of the Hanseatic League in the late 16th century or in the early 17th century.
	www.sassisch.net /rhahn/low-saxon/lowsax-engl.htm (1610 words)

	German Language - MSN Encarta
		German belongs to the Netherlandic-German group within the western branch of the Germanic languages, a subfamily of the Indo-European languages.
		Another characteristic of German, as well as of all the Germanic languages, is that the principal accent falls regularly upon the first syllable of a word; in verbal combinations, however, the root syllable, not the prefix, is stressed.
		German is an inflected language, with three genders, four cases, and a strong and weak declension of qualifying adjectives.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761567950/German_Language.html (648 words)

	Low German language
		Low German is a group of West Germanic dialects spoken in northern Germany and eastern Netherlands, where the local name for the language is Nedersaksisch (Low Saxon).
		Low German is the native language of about 3 million people and can be understood by about 10 million people.
		German traders from the Hanseatic cities dominated trade in the Baltic and their language influenced the other languages of the region.
	www.omniglot.com /writing/lowgerman.htm (347 words)

	german
		Germans contributed substantially to its growth: By 1841, 28 percent of the total population was German; 10 years earlier the figure was only 5 percent, By 1850, when Cincinnati was known as the "Queen City of the West," the German community (including those born in America) made up half its population.
		German involvement in the labor movement did not sit well with nativists, who, in the last decades of the 19th century, were again seeking support for anti-immigration laws.
		German Americans, the societies members insisted, were neither "mongrels with a divided allegiance" nor "hyphenates." In keeping with this goal, they named their organization after Baron Friedrich von Steuben, a hero of the War of Independence.
	www.theseverts.net /German.htm (13046 words)

	Dialect Literature and Speech, Low German
		In other Canadian communities where Low German was still common, as in the Niagara peninsula of Ontario, it was mostly recent immigrants from South America and Mexico who kept it alive.
		The Low German "revival" has recently stimulated activities ranging from the compiling of literary anthologies and dictionaries to the writing of fiction and poetry and the production of original and adapted stage plays, live readings, singing concerts and recordings.
		A Low German translation of the New Testament by J. Neufeld was published under the auspices of the Wycliffe Bible Translators in 1988.
	www.gameo.org /encyclopedia/contents/D5350ME.html (742 words)

	German language
		German is one of the European languages of longer tradition and rougher history.
		The spoken German however, presents many dialects which belong to either the High German or to the Low German dialectal groups (note that 'Low German' is not a negative term but just the name of a dialectal group).
		High German and Low German dialectal groups are different mainly in their system of sounds, particularly with respect to the consonants.
	www.orbislingua.com /ead.htm (508 words)

	German Translation Services - translate German Translator
		Because High German translation has been the official language even there for quite some time, and because Low German is too different from High German to mix easily with it, this region has become, in fact, bilingual.
		In the last section, the German language was characterised as the language that has undergone the Second Germanic Sound Shift, but nonetheless the term "Low German" was introduced for a language not meeting this criterion.
		The Low German areas are said to speak a variety of German because they belong to Germany, and because they have adopted High German as their standard language gradually since the 15th century.
	www.germantranslationusa.com (1158 words)

	DIALECTS AND HIGH GERMAN
		Low German (including Anglo-Saxon) was not affected by the soundshift at all.
		The Low German band of this map shows less differentiation than the Middle and Upper bands, but Mecklenburg, West- and East Pomerania, Brandenburg and East Prussia certainly also have dialect variants of their own.
		The state of German's dialects was the topic of discussion among the more than 500 linguists from 26 nations who turned out recently (March 12-14) for the Institute for the German Language's annual meeting, held this year in Mannheim (Baden-Württemberg).
	www.serve.com /shea/germusa/dialects.htm (1186 words)

	A Short History Of The German Language
		Because High German has been the official language even there for quite some time, and because Low German is too different from High German to mix easily with it, this region has become, in fact, bilingual.
		In the 19th century, interest in the German language shifted towards its purification by eliminating unnecessary foreign words, an endeavour during which many useful words of today's German language were coined, whereas the attempt to replace well-established loanwords by inventing awkward "German" circumlocutions for them rightly failed.
		The effect is, however, that North German language is often nearer to the standard (because it does not so easily mix with the dialect, and because of Siebs's preference of Northern pronunciation), and we observe a tendency that Northern regionalisms are often regarded as "more standard" than Southern ones.
	www.lrz-muenchen.de /~hr/lang/dt-hist.html (3469 words)

	German Genealogy: Dialects
		Please note that the terms "High German" and "Low German" are often used in a different sense from the scientific sense used here.
		Low German, even Middle and Low Franconian (Flemish) elements have influence in the north, while characteristics of Main and East Franconianin appear in the south.
		North Frisian is spoken on the Hallig islands and the neighboring strip of mainland on the western coast of southern Jutland and Schleswig, with elements of Danish and Low German mixed in.
	www.genealogienetz.de /misc/dialect-e.html (1405 words)

	GeoNative - Nedersaksisch - Low Saxon - Low German
		Low Saxon (Low German) is a Germanic language that is the direct descendant of the Old Saxon language.
		Until recently, the official line was that the Low Saxon dialects of Germany were German ones and that the ones used in the Netherlands were Dutch dialects, and they had a low social status.
		The names Niederdeutsch or Plattdeutsch ('Low German') are unacceptable in reference to the dialects in the Netherlands.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/platt.html (464 words)

	Old Low German (Old Saxon) language (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Southern Germanic tribes had an opportunity to migrate to vast territories of the Roman Empire and plunder lands of Gaul, Italia, Hispania and countries along the Danube.
		Weak Celtic tribes in Britain could not resist too long the aggressive Germans, and soon the Old Saxon language and ethnic group divided into two: Anglo-Saxon or Old English language and the Saxon language, known now as Low German.
		Old Saxon turned to be more analytical than the High German language: the nominative singular of the nouns was not already different in the gender.
	members.tripod.com /babaev/tree/olg.html (276 words)

	Hööftsiet - Wikipedia
		Het Platduits wordt gesproken in delen van Nederland, Noord-Duitsland, Zuid-Denemarken en West-Polen.
		The pair are closely related languages (you could also say that they both form a single language) and are spoken by 12 - 15 million people on all continents except Antarctica.
		The language is also closely related to other Low German languages (like Dutch), and to English; both of which developed from Old Low German.
	nds.wikipedia.org (535 words)

	Transblawg: Low German word patented
		According to yesterday’s Pforzheimer Zeitung, I am told (thanks, Derek!), the Low German word Läägeünnerloage is to be registered as a utility model (Gebrauchsmuster - does not exist in the UK at the moment).
		The German Patent Office refused it, and Göken took it all the way to the Federal Court of Justice, which sent it back to the Patent Office.
		There is a provision in German law that the language of the courts is German, so the question arose as to whether Low German is German.
	www.margaret-marks.com /Transblawg/archives/000315.html (412 words)

	Behind the Name: German Names
		Low German name meaning "people heritage", derived from the Germanic elements þeud "people" and leib "heritage".
		Variant English form of ELIZABETH, as well as the German and French normal form, reflecting the spelling used in the Authorized Version of the New Testament.
		Derived from the Germanic elements ger "spear" and hnod "crush".
	www.behindthename.com /nmc/ger.php (1018 words)

	Chihuahua, Mexico Low German Dialects in Kansas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		The Low German Mennonite Church in Sublette, Kansas.
		Researchers at the University of Kansas have begun to gather Low German dialect samples from these immigrants as part of the Linguistic Atlas of Kansas German project.
		This study of Chihuahua, Mexico Low German dialects in Kansas is supported in part by a grant from the Kansas Humanities Council, a non-profit cultural organization encouraging the appreciation of history, heritage, and values.
	www2.ku.edu /~germanic/KHC_Project.html (243 words)

	Germanic Linguistics and Lanuage Links (Elizabeth J. Pyatt)
		Germanic Linguistics Site - A general overview of the Germanic languages, but use of Java may make some browsers crash.
		"Low German" refers to the group of Germanic languages spoken in the flat areas of the Netherlands (Dutch/Flemish), and northern Germany (Low Saxon).
		Lowlands L - Listserv for Low German Languages and dialects (i.e.
	www.personal.psu.edu /staff/e/j/ejp10/region/germanic.html (1310 words)

	GER 471 - Old Low German (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		An overview of Old Low German, also known as Old Saxon, as well as a short description of the Old Saxon people and the division of Old Low German to Old English and Low German.
		The Diatessaron, or Gospel harmony, of Tatianus was probably the literary form in which the life of Christ was best known to the men of the ninth century.
		It is explained that both High German (Otfried's Evangelienbuch) and Low German (The Heliand) versions were written.
	web.uvic.ca /geru/471/oldlow.htm (189 words)

	Low German Dictionary; Introduction
		Mennonites fled the the Netherlands in the 1500s to settle in the Vistula River delta between the present-day Polish cities of Gdansk, Malbork and Elbing, where dialects of Prussian Low German (Nether Prussian) were spoken.
		The netherlandic Nether- Saxon Low German spoken by Mennonites moving into the Vistula Delta subsequently gave way to existing manners of speech to that of local dialect(s), the Mennonites adopted words and pronunciations somewhat new to them but native to Prussia.
		Despite having left the Netherlands in the 1500s, the Low German of Mennonites today, wherever it is heard, still contains netherlandic words not usually heard in other dialects.
	www.mennolink.org /doc/lg/intro.html (784 words)

	The Low German Mennonites
		In fluent English, Spanish and Low German he explains that his son has applied for Canadian citizenship but that he himself hopes to make a go of it in Mexico.
		Low German Mennonites trace their history to the migration of 8,000 men, women and children who left Eastern Europe in 1874.
		They settled in Western Canada in an attempt to escape the influence of the secular world on their society.
	www.mcc.org /themes/mennonites (367 words)

	Ethnologue 14 report for language code:GRN
		Total German mother tongue speakers in Canada including standard German, 561,000 (J.A. Hawkins in B. Comrie 1986).
		Indo-European, Germanic, West, Low Saxon-Low Franconian, Low Saxon.
		Not inherently intelligible with Pennsylvania German, Hutterite German, many other Low German languages or Standard German.
	www.ethnologue.com /show_language.asp?code=GRN (292 words)

	Low Cost German Airlines Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-19)
		Low Cost German Airlines is listed in our Flights & Airlines Category.
		User Reviews of Low Cost German Airlines: A review section must consist of both positive and negative comments to provide an overall picture of a firm and we do not shirk from displaying the "less complementary" views of listed companies.
		Lows Costs Germans Airlines) so if you are unsuccessful with one term simply enter it differently to see other results.
	www.ukshoppingnetwork.co.uk /directory/Low+Cost+German+Airlines.html (837 words)

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