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Topic: Low intensity warfare

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	Low Intensity Warfare The New Interventionism
		This is not, however, warfare in the classic sense of armies fighting armies on a common battlefield.
		Kennedy's near-obsession with guerrilla warfare gave rise to the doctrine of counterinsurgency, which inexorably led the United States into the jungles of Indochina.
		This belief that "any means" are justified in conducting counterrevolutionary warfare is a common subtheme in current discussions of low intensity warfare.
	www.thirdworldtraveler.com /US_ThirdWorld/Low_Intensity_Warfare.html (4670 words)

	The Politics of Massacre: Acteal, Low Intensity Warfare and NGOs
		Massacre and Low Intensity Warfare (LIW): The dilemma of the EZLN
		The LIW strategy in the Altos and the North was to use paramilitary groups to harass and kill these dissidents or force them to physically leave the area.
		But the most crucial failure of the LIW strategy was in the North and Altos and in general in the rural areas of Chiapas outside of Selva.
	flag.blackened.net /revolt/mexico/reports/acteal_liw.html (2983 words)

	Low intensity conflict - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Low intensity conflict (LIC) is the use of military forces applied selectively and with restraint to enforce compliance with the policies or objectives of the political body controlling the military force.
		For example the use of air power, pivotal in modern warfare, is often relegated to transport and surveillance.
		MOUT ;: the macromanagemental facet of urban warfare, how to utilize infantry, tanks, snipers and bulldozers in order to clear a populated area from armed enemy's forces with minimal casualties to raiding forces and civilian population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_intensity_warfare (627 words)

	WFPNE - Delegation Report - Report - Colombia 2001
		I witnessed the tension of low intensity warfare, an eerie silence that pervades the villages, as inhabitants wait and wonder when they will have a voice in what affects their very lives.
		Low intensity warfare is now a global phenomenon.
		Amidst the low intensity warfare atmosphere I found an astounding amount of determination and courage among the people to continue the pursuit of justice.
	www.witnessforpeace.org /newengland/reports/mexico2003ackerman2.htm (1596 words)

	psychWarfare.html
		The phrase "psychological warfare in the urban context," was introduced by the researcher Andrés Aubry, who characterizes it as a "new phase" of the low-intensity warfare that has been implemented in Chiapas since 1994.
		This explanation has always been of a preliminary nature and is still being discussed, because the literature with regards to low intensity warfare is practically nonexistent.
		We would like to point out that these keys elements of psychological warfare are not mentioned in the report; we present them here for those people who already have the report or will have it in the future.
	www.globalexchange.org /campaigns/mexico/psychWarfare.html (1036 words)

	Modern warfare - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Chemical warfare is warfare (and associated military operations) using the toxic properties of chemical substances to kill, injure or incapacitate an enemy.
		Fourth generation warfare (4GW) is a concept defined by William S. Lind and expanded by Thomas X. Hammes, used to describe the decentralized nature of modern warfare.
		Psychological warfare is the planned use of propaganda and other psychological actions having the primary purpose of influencing the opinions, emotions, attitudes, and behavior of hostile foreign groups in such a way as to support the achievement of national objectives.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Modern_warfare (1588 words)

	low-intensity conflict
		The criterion of "low intensity" as part of the definition thus presupposes that one adopts the perspective of the country applying the force rather than the one on which it is applied.
		The relatively low inputs of manpower and material would scarcely allow the emergence of political opposition or even a polarization of U.S. society as was the case at the end of the U.S. involvement in Vietnam.
		Low-intensity warfare concepts are primarily designed for actions in the Third World and are most often intended to govern essentially unilateral U.S. operations (possibly in collaboration with the government of the country concerned).
	www.jochen-hippler.de /Aufsatze/low-intensity_conflict/low-intensity_conflict.html (6509 words)

	ScienceDaily: Chemical Warfare Ravages Mental Health Of Iranian Civilians
		One town was exposed to conventional low-intensity warfare, another was exposed to high-intensity warfare and the third, Sardasht, was exposed to both high-intensity warfare and chemical warfare.
		Warfare Agent Mass Spectrometer Being Built At ORNL (June 22, 1998) -- A chemical-biological mass spectrometer (CBMS) that will more accurately detect deadly chemical and biological warfare agents and warn soldiers to wear protective gear or to avoid contaminated areas...
		Biological warfare -- Biological warfare, also known as germ warfare, is the use of any organism (bacteria, virus or other disease-causing organism) or toxin found in nature, as a weapon of...
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2006/08/060801230513.htm (1761 words)

	Haiti Progres January 2 2002 - English section
		It's a type of warfare that implies, or involves, not direct combat between soldiers, not a high technology warfare as you see in the bombing of Afghanistan or Iraq....
		This warfare strategy really emerged after the U.S. suffered a defeat in Indochina, and it was thoroughly tested in Central America in the 1980s.
		At the same time they used the warfare against the Nicaraguan people to avert that country's capacity to put its economic resources towards development; resources were instead put into defense against the warfare.
	www.haitiprogres.com /2002/sm020102/ENG01-02.htm (2130 words)

	Low Intensity Warfare at the Limelight of RAFAEL's R&D
		Low Intensity Warfare At the Limelight of RAFAEL's RandD
		However, the ongoing "Low Intensity Conflict" (LIC) fought between the Palestinian and Israel's military and security forces poses new aspects of asymmetric warfare, which reflects on the requirements for new systems, and requests for ad-hoc solutions.
		Another challenge was the risk of subterranean warfare, also faced by the IDF along the border with Gaza.
	www.defense-update.com /features/du-2-06/rafael-rd.htm (489 words)

	F
		political ends is not conventional warfare between the regular armies of the world's states.
		Guerrilla Warfare - the state besieged by non-governmental elements seeking to overthrow the state.
		Find in any source—web, book, or journal—definitions of either “low-intensity conflict” or “low–intensity warfare.” The definition should be presented verbatim and should include and exact citation.
	alpha.fdu.edu /~woolley/LIW/LIWweb.htm (1288 words)

	Sri Lanka-Hidden Dimensions of Low Intensity Warfare (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		As LIW in Sri Lanka is taking place in a de jure ceasefire setting, the possibility of the nation taking it in the stride if the casualties come in trickles, is very much there.
		In a LIW setting the Special Forces use locals, invariably those who have a strong anti-insurgent motivation, as force multipliers in their operations.
		The earlier the LIW is brought to an end, and peace talks resumed, the better it is for Sri Lanka.
	www.saag.org /papers19/paper1815.html (2090 words)

	Second Submission to the TRC - Last
		Low Intensity Conflict was born out of this search for alternatives, although many of the elements of the new military strategy had been formulated earlier.
		This approach came to be known as Low Intensity Conflict.
		On February 2, 1990, the security establishment did not abandon the low intensity war that they had been waging against the people for years.
	www.anc.org.za /ancdocs/misc/trc2f.html (1625 words)

	Chapter 14: Morning inAmerica and the Special Warfare Revival
		Mid- intensity conflict was distinguished primarily by the major commitment of American forces, as in the Korean War, with a high potential cost: Heavy casualties could be expected and defeat was a possibility, although national survival would not be in the balance.
		The emphasis on unconventional warfare and special operations was reinforced in the course of the 1980s through a series of conferences and projects OTI low-intensity conflict, and also through the Reagan adminitration's vigorous patronage of the unconventional forces of the military and intelligence establishment.
		It was responsible for unconventional warfare in denied areas on the borders and in raids into Cambodia, Laos, and North Vietnam in the triborder area.
	www.statecraft.org /chapter14.html (8548 words)

	rediff.com: Padmanabhan vision of the army in the 21st century
		The army needs to have weapons and equipment that are suited for modern warfare, where the threat could range form low-intensity warfare to an all out nuclear war, he said.
		However, he pointed that apart from low-intensity warfare, like that in Jammu and Kashmir, to nuclear warfare, there is the most important possibility of 'normal kind of fighting'.
		He stressed that one of the army's major aims is to sharpen its conventional warfare capabilities.
	www.rediff.com /news/2001/jan/13josy.htm (493 words)

	CPT in Mexico - CPTweb
		The state of Chiapas is comprised of 111 municipalities (counties) within a number of distinct geographic areas each experiencing variations of this low-intensity warfare: Los Altos (the highlands - central mountains); La Selva (the jungle - Zapatista headquarters); Las Cañadas (the canyons); La Zona Norte (the Northern zone - large cattle ranching area).
		CPT Mexico is committed to understanding and communicating the economic roots which drive the Low Intensity Warfare strategy in Chiapas by focusing on stories that illustrate how Globalization/Neo-Liberalism affect people at the grassroots.
		CPT Mexico is willing to challenge the Mexican government's use of immigration and military policies as a tool of Low Intensity Warfare (to restrict the movement and activities of internationals observing and promoting human rights) both in the field and through legal channels as necessary in order to carry out our work.
	www.cpt.org /mexico/mxgoals.php (1086 words)

	Preparing America to Win Low-Intensity Conflicts
		Low-intensity warfare, moreover, is not fought with military forces alone.
		The intensity of a particular kind of conflict is defined by the degree of violence employed by its participants.
		Even during such high intensity wars as World War II, the U.S. conducted irregular operations against the Germans and Japanese, including the creation of i ntelligence net works, guerrilla armies, and resistance groups in occupied France and Poland and the Philippines.
	www.heritage.org /Research/MiddleEast/bg786.cfm?renderforprint=1 (6374 words)

	portland imc - 2003.03.08 - The Evils of Low Intensity Warfare
		An example of the application of low intensity warfare was the Phoenix Program instituted by the CIA in Vietnam.
		The use of poisonous defoliants ostensibly against the coca crop in Colombia is really an example of low intensity warfare.
		The tactic of low intensity warfare is very logical and often successful for imperialists.
	portland.indymedia.org /en/2003/03/47777.shtml (992 words)

	Haiti Progres January 9 2002 - English section
		An example I would give -- and this is closer to home -- is when there is popular protest in the United States against U.S. foreign policy: for example, the anti-Vietnam war protests, the very strong solidarity movement with the people from Central America.
		Warfare that is conducted by dropping an unprecedented number of bombs on people is deadly.
		Even the withholding of these kinds of aid is economic warfare, and I think to call it "economic terrorism" is accurate.
	www.haiti-progres.com /2002/sm020109/ENG01-09.htm (1850 words)

	Low Intensity Warfare in Nicaragua
		In October 1989, they escalated the intensity of their attacks, even though their latest U.S. Congressional appropriation in April 1989, was and continues to be conditioned on the contras remaining in their Honduran sanctuary camps, refraining from all military operations.
		In effect, the U.S. orchestrated and financed 3-pronged attack through use of "low intensity" warfare against Nicaragua is in full force: (1) continued Contra terrorism throughout Nicaragua's rural areas, (2) continued economic strangulation, and (3) unprecedented efforts to purchase the internal political process and elections.
		Toser and Dr. Summerfield, a psychiatrist, had recently conducted an in-depth study of the residents of a community near La Esperanza in Zelaya and the effects of "low intensity" warfare on their individual and community lives.
	www.brianwillson.com /awolnicaragua.html (5637 words)

	Fourth Generation Warfare
		Future Warfare and the Decline of Human Decisionmaking - The military systems (including weapons) now on the horizon will be too fast, too small, too numerous, and will create an environment too complex for humans to direct.
		Knowledge-Based Warfare Implications - High-intensity land combat is evolving into a form conveniently labeled knowledge-based warfare, which is defined as warfare in which combat power is best concentrated through information transmission.
		Its evolutionary roots may lie in guerrilla warfare, the Leninist theory of insurrection, and old fashioned terrorism, but it is rendered more pervasive and effective by the technologies, mobilities and miniaturized instrumentalities spawned by the age of computers and mass communication.
	publish.uwo.ca /~mcdaniel/weblinks/4GW.html (3990 words)

	Understanding Counter-Insurgency Warfare: Vietnam Contrasts
		It is imperative that soldiers understand the mindset of waging counterinsurgency warfare, as it is of extreme importance in the current war on terrorism.
		Counter insurgency warfare goes hand in hand with the low intensity conflict warfare waged for decades by U.S. Army Special Forces.
		• America would have to work twice as hard to keep the morale and intensity of its soldiers at peak levels which would be extremely critical to attaining any success in the Vietnam War because of the torrid pace and parameters of the death ground war conditions.
	www.useless-knowledge.com /1234/jan/article116.html (1080 words)

	SIPAZ REPORT
		All of this feeds the impression that the paramilitary presence is part of a larger political strategy of waging low-intensity warfare in Chiapas while stalling on peace talks and watching national and international attention dissipate.
		Here we offer a space for the heart of these women to speak and to hear their voice, as victims of low intensity warfare and as protagonists who seek to control their own lives and to contribute to the peace process.
		In spite of the low intensity warfare and of its painful effects on the women, in Chiapas there has been an encouraging process of consciousness raising and hope.
	www.sipaz.org /informes/vol3no1/vol3no1e.htm (8901 words)

	JAMA -- Abstract: Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress in Iranian Survivors of Chemical Warfare, August 2, ...
		JAMA -- Abstract: Anxiety, Depression, and Posttraumatic Stress in Iranian Survivors of Chemical Warfare, August 2, 2006, Hashemian et al.
		warfare group, the corresponding rates were 8%, 2%, 18%, and
		to both high-intensity warfare and chemical weapons were at
	jama.ama-assn.org /cgi/content/short/296/5/560 (334 words)

	19,000 Indian Refugees in Chiapas - Low Intensity Warfare Takes a Toll
		Since late 1997, the Mexican government’s strategy of low intensity warfare has created 19,000 Indian refugees.
		Five-year-old children and fifty-year-old grandmothers are the targets of the Mexican government’s low intensity war.
		The Zapatistas say, "why should we return to negotiations when you won’t implement the first set of accords that we both signed?" The vast majority of Indians in Chiapas support this position.
	members.tripod.com /~nacomr/Refugees.html (511 words)

	Low Intensity Warfare, Counterinsurgency, proinsurgency and antiterrorism in the eighties
		Low Intensity Warfare, Counterinsurgency, proinsurgency and antiterrorism in the eighties
		In this book, the author analyses the emergence of the doctrine of Low Intensity Conflict (that includes peace operations), linking it to the bureaucratic struggles between different security agencies and explaining how these struggles have participated to the definition of the specific construction of threats characteristic of this doctrine.
		One of the interesting points of this book is that it insists on how old practices and old concepts (counter-insurgency...) are relabelled and presented as radically new.
	www.libertysecurity.org /article76.html (416 words)

	Why More Special Forces Are Needed for Low-Intensity War (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Rangers are employed at all levels of conflict from low intensity to large-scale conventional wars operate in 12-man A" teams, with 54 such teams to a Group.
		Naval S ecial Warfare Group Two, similar in composition to NSWG One, is Warfare Units are stationed,in Puerto Rico, Scotland, and the Philippines.' These units operate as forward headquarters for SEAL teams deployed abroad Air Force based at Litt P e Creek, Virginia.
		The U.S. is unable to wage low-intensity warfare or conduct, special..operations effectively because its national securi for conventional warfare.
	www.heritage.org /Research/NationalSecurity/bg616.cfm (3919 words)

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