
	Where results make sense

Topic: Low level waste

In the News (Fri 1 Jan 10)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	"LOW-LEVEL" RADIOACTIVE WASTE - NIRS
		High-Level Radioactive Waste is: the irradiated fuel from the cores of nuclear reactors, the liquid and sludge wastes that are left over after irradiated fuel has been reprocessed (a procedure used to extract uranium and plutonium), the solid that would result from efforts to solidify that liquid and sludge from reprocessing.
		The highly radioactive and long-lived reactor wastes are included in the "low-level" waste category along with the much less concentrated and generally much shorter-lived wastes from medical treatment and diagnosis and some types of scientific research.
		By contrast, common medical waste elements include Technetium-99m, with a half-life of 6 hours and a hazardous life of 2.5-5 days; Galium-67, half-life of 78 hours and hazardous life of 1-2 months; and Iodine-131, with its half-life of 8 days and hazardous life of 80-160 days.
	www.nirs.org /factsheets/llwfct.htm (992 words)

	Nuclear Waste Task Force - Low-Level Radioactive Waste - Sierra Club
		The wastes deemed "Classes B and C" are higher in radioactive concentrations and tend to contain isotopes that have very long hazardous lives.
		We all surely agree that the radioactive wastes we (all) have allowed to be produced for half a century pose a significant biological hazard to humans, to many other life forms and ecosystems; and that they must be isolated from the biosphere for the full duration of their hazardous lives.
		Third, we can recommend that the focus of waste management be shifted away from the notion and technologies of permanent "disposal" to the real reason for the need to prevent radioactive materials and wastes from entering the environment: namely, the hazard posed to health, safety, genetic integrity, and the environment by exposures to ionizing radiation.
	www.sierraclub.org /nuclearwaste/low.asp (2421 words)

	LLW Forum - Welcome
		The federal legislation of 1980, and the subsequent Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985, were endorsed by the Governors of the 50 states.
		After passage of the 1985 amendments, representatives of compacts and states established a separate organization, known as the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Forum, to promote the objectives of the federal law and the compacts.
		On September22, 2005, the LLW Forum's Board of Directors adopted a Discussion of Issues Statement regarding the management of commercial low-level radioactive waste.
	www.llwforum.org (359 words)

	SRS - Solid Waste
		Transuranic waste is waste contaminated with alpha-emitting transuranium radionuclides with greater than 20-year half-lives and concentrations greater than 100 nCi/g).
		Once a trench is filled with waste, it is backfilled with a minimum of six to eight feet of soil to reduce surface radiation dose rate to less than 5 mrem/hour.
		Low level waste also is disposed in trenches if it is very low in radioactivity.
	www.srs.gov /general/programs/solidwaste/index.htm (336 words)

	Nuclear Waste
		High-level wastes are hazardous to humans and other life forms because of their high radiation levels that are capable of producing fatal doses during short periods of direct exposure.
		Low-level wastes, which are generally defined as radioactive wastes other than high-level and wastes from uranium recovery operations, are commonly disposed of in near-surface facilities rather than in a geologic repository that is required for high-level wastes.
		Transuranic waste includes material contaminated with radioactive elements (e.g., neptunium, americium, plutonium) that are artificially made and is produced primarily from reprocessing spent fuel and from use of plutonium in fabrication of nuclear weapons.
	www.policyalmanac.org /environment/archive/nuclear_waste.shtml (2349 words)

	Low- and Intermediate-level waste - SKB
		The majority of the waste from nuclear power plants has a short half-life and is either low- or intermediate-level waste.
		The intermediate-level waste requires radiation shielding and is cast in concrete or steel containers at the nuclear power plants.
		The waste is then transported in transport containers with thick (7–20 cm) steel walls – the thickness depends on the type of waste.
	www.skb.se /templates/SKBPage____8873.aspx (196 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Before compaction the amounts of low-level waste produced on the site have also dropped by 27 per cent to 13,043 cubic metres in 1995 compared to 17,856 cubic metres the previous year.
		Five years ago the amount of low level waste produced was over 25,000 cubic metres.
		In addition the successful introduction of new compaction facilities at Sellafield h as meant that the amount of waste disposed of in the Drigg low-level waste disposal vaults last year was only 7,000 cubic metres, a fall of 61 per cent compared to the previous year.
	www.bnfl.co.uk /index.aspx?page=408 (526 words)

	Hot Demonstrations of Nuclear-Waste Processing Technologies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		One of the largest waste management problems in the DOE complex is the disposition of the tens of thousands of cubic meters of plutonium-contaminated waste that was generated during operation of the nuclear weapons production facilities.
		Waste recipes for these experiments have been deduced from published reviews and manifests of the contents of the extensive mixed-waste inventory within the DOE complex.
		Waste metals are introduced to the slurry complex to varying degrees to form mineral analogs, which become components of the matrix or encapsulated components within the matrix.
	www.tms.org /pubs/journals/JOM/9707/McFarlane-9707.html (8574 words)

	Low-Level Radioactive Waste Fact Sheets: An Introductio? RER-00
		Low-level radioactive waste has been generated for decades in Ohio and other states by nuclear power plants, industry, hospitals, universities, research institutions, and government facilities.
		As the largest generator of this waste, Ohio was chosen as the first host state.
		Radioactive waste is a topic few people have had an opportunity to study in detail.
	www.ag.ohio-state.edu /~rer/index.html (800 words)

	Lesson Plans - Low-level Nuclear Waste: A Geographic Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ask student pairs to decide whether their state or country is suitable for the disposal of low-level nuclear waste.
		Student plans for nuclear waste disposal must meet the minimum requirements set by government agencies, so make sure students address this issue in their plans.
		Have students call local hospitals (hospitals also generate low-level radioactive waste) and inquire as to where the hospitals' radioactive waste is sent for disposal.
	www.ngeo.com /xpeditions/lessons/18/g912/nuclearwaste.html (657 words)

	IEER: Energy & Security No. 13 / Science for Democratic Action V8N3: Energy for Peace
		Low-level waste from conversion and enrichment is typically buried in dumps.
		Waste volumes do not include radioactive emissions to the air and water, except for reprocessing-related liquid LLW discharges to bodies of water.
		ILW (Intermediate-level waste): Waste contaminated with alpha-emitting transuranic radionuclides with half-lives greater than 20 years and a total concentration of such radionuclides in excess of 0.1 Curie per metric ton of waste at the time of assay.
	www.ieer.org /sdafiles/vol_8/8-3/waste2.html (1126 words)

	The Quick Virtual Nuclear Power Plant Tour - More on Low Level Waste
		Low level wastes would include discarded construction wastes, resins, clothing, tools, and equipment that generally have low radioactivity levels.
		To put low level waste in perspective-if all of the waste from the commercial sites were combined, it would occupy an area ~2300 ft x 2300 ft x 10 foot high.
		The size of the landfill for accommodating all low level radioactive waste to date throughout the country would be about 1.5 times the average small city sanitary landfill size.
	www.nucleartourist.com /basics/llwaste.htm (484 words)

	Low level waste (John De Armond) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Yet, we also produce medium- >and low- level wastes from different steps in the processing and handling of >nuclear materials, as well as from the decomissioning of reactors.
		Low Level NOS waste is harmless by definition.
		The VAST bulk of the NOS waste coming from nuclear plants is mildly or potentially contaminated paper and cloth.
	www.yarchive.net /nuke/low_level_waste.html (334 words)

	Radioactive Waste Management
		The waste is either concentrated and then isolated, or it is diluted to acceptable levels and then discharged to the environment.
		Delay-and-decay however is unique to radioactive waste management; it means that the waste is stored and its radioactivity is allowed to decrease naturally through decay of the radioisotopes in it.
		Hence canisters of vitrified waste, or spent fuel assemblies, are stored under water in special ponds, or in dry concrete structures or casks for at least this length of time.
	www.uic.com.au /wast.htm (3100 words)

	Bill for Radioactive-Waste Dump In Texas Fails in the Legislature Russell Gold / Wall Street Journal 29may01
		While disposal of such waste doesn't get the attention of high-level waste such as spent fuel rods, industry officials say it is an important issue to address if the nation is to embrace President Bush's call for renewed development of nuclear power to meet the nation's energy needs.
		Low-level waste disposal, now performed at only three facilities in the U.S., remains "one of those nagging issues on the periphery" of the nuclear-power debate, says Paul Genoa, radioactive-waste project manager with the Nuclear Energy Institute, a Washington industry trade group.
		Waste Control invested $77 million to build the Andrews facility, on legal fees and in operating losses since 1995, says Mr.
	www.mindfully.org /Nucs/TX-Waste-Bill-Fails.htm (710 words)

	The Korea Times : Low-Level Nuke Waste Site Due by 2008 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The government is to build a low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste site by 2008 and construct a high-level radioactive waste site later to deal with the saturating nuclear waste, Commerce, Industry and Energy Minister Lee Hee-beom said Friday.
		The government has not found a candidate since the government’s plan to build a nuclear waste repository in Wido, an island in the West Sea, was foiled by strong opposition from residents last February.
		Despite the government’s new plan, however, it is unclear whether the government will be able to find a candidate for the nuclear waste site as planned as environmental civic groups immediately expressed opposition and urged the government to find a way to replace nuclear power generation altogether.
	times.hankooki.com /lpage/biz/200412/kt2004121717175311890.htm (388 words)

	EPA - Mixed Waste Glossary (EPA's Radiation Protection Program: Mixed Waste) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		LLRW is waste that satisfies the definition of LLRW in the Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985.
		NARM waste is not covered under the AEA, not a form of LLW, and is not regulated by NRC.
		Solid waste does not include solid or dissolved materials in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources subject to permits under section 402 of the Clean Water Act or souce, special nuclear, or byproduct material as defined by the AEA.
	www.epa.gov /radiation/mixed-waste/mw_pg5.htm (1170 words)

	Lesson Plans - Low-level Nuclear Waste: A Geographic Analysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Ask student pairs to decide whether their state or country is suitable for the disposal of low-level nuclear waste.
		Student plans for nuclear waste disposal must meet the minimum requirements set by government agencies, so make sure students address this issue in their plans.
		Have students call local hospitals (hospitals also generate low-level radioactive waste) and inquire as to where the hospitals' radioactive waste is sent for disposal.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /xpeditions/lessons/18/g912/nuclearwaste.html (649 words)

	Nuclear Waste Disposal Issues in Ft. Hancock, TX; Part I
		The burial of nuclear waste is idealized in Figure 3, whereas Figure 4a and Figure 4b, and Figure 5, illustrate potential interruptions to quiet burial caused by the geological hazards of the region.
		Low- and high-level nuclear waste are different problems, and it is only low-level waste which is being considered for west Texas.
		The fate of low-level radioactive waste disposal in the United States is an issue that is gaining controversy as states grapple with the federally mandated site-selection process.
	www.geo.utep.edu /pub/sierra_blanca.html (19315 words)

	NRC: Low-Level Waste Disposal
		Low-level waste disposal occurs at commercially operated low-level waste disposal facilities that must be licensed by either NRC or Agreement States.
		There are three existing low-level waste disposal facilities in the United States that accept various types of low-level waste.
		The Low-level Radioactive Waste Policy Amendments Act of 1985 gave the states responsibility for the disposal of their low-level radioactive waste.
	www.nrc.gov /waste/llw-disposal.html (232 words)

	July 1993 Newsletter – Beatty Site Closed to Low-Level Waste (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The waste that would come to Yucca Mountain is highly radioactive spent fuel from nuclear power plants and high-level defense waste.
		The waste that came to Beatty included low-level medical waste from hospitals and university laboratories, plus low-level waste from routine operations at nuclear power plants.
		John Vaden, low-level waste project manager for the Nevada State Division of Health, said the Beatty site does have uranium, plutonium and thorium, some of the same materials that would be disposed of at the Yucca Mountain repository, but low-level wastes are generally short- lived and are less intensely radioactive than high-level wastes.
	www.yuccamountain.org /archive/archiv9.htm (300 words)

	Utah Division of Radiation Control (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Radioactive wastes are disposed of by modified shallow land burial.
		Class B waste represents approximately 2.5% of low level waste generated with 24.8% of the total radioactivity.
		Class C represents approximately 0.5% of low level waste generated with 65.5% of the total radioactivity.
	www.eq.ex.state.ut.us /eqrad/drc_lows.htm (316 words)

	[No title]
		Utilities are faced with the necessity of either installing their own dry casks, to store irradiated fuel rods after years in the cooling pools, or installing dry casks which the DOE supplies to them, which they like moderately better.
		The Low-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act is the law that says that the states are responsible for the low-level waste generated within their borders.
		Since the radioactive waste dump is not opened yet, the only way for tritium, with a 12.3 year half-life to be there is from fallout from atmospheric bomb testing or some other surface source.
	www.ratical.org /radiation/NGP/PoliticsOfNW.txt (2051 words)

	MIMS - (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The LLW information in MIMS is derived from manifests for waste shipments to one closed (Beatty, Nevada) and three operating commercial LLW disposal facilities (U.S. Ecology [Richland, Washington], Duratek / Chem Nuclear [Barnwell, South Carolina] and Envirocare of Utah [Clive, Utah]).
		Some shipments include waste from multiple states and or waste generators that are delivered via brokers or waste processors.
		In response to these concerns, inaccuracies in waste disposed at Envirocare of Utah were identified and resolved in December 2004.
	mims.apps.em.doe.gov (321 words)

	Las Vegas SUN: Congress may consider new nuke waste sites (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Nevada officials plan to keep an eye on the proposal because the state, with its abundance of public lands, might be considered a good location for such a project.
		The nation's three commercial low-level waste dump sites in South Carolina, Utah and Washington may not be enough to meet national needs, according to a recent report by the General Accounting Office.
		Low-level waste is different from the high-level waste that comes out of nuclear reactors at power plants.
	www.lasvegassun.com /sunbin/stories/text/2004/oct/01/517601101.html (311 words)

	reviewjournal.com -- News: Low-level waste repositories draw interest
		Low-level waste is distinct from and not as radioactive as high-level waste generated by power plants that the Energy Department plans to bury at a Yucca Mountain repository over the objections of Nevada leaders.
		Nevada leaders plan to closely watch the issue, believing the state could be proposed as a possible recipient for more nuclear waste, according to Bob Loux, director of the state's Agency for Nuclear Projects.
		A commercial low-level radioactive waste dump that operated in Beatty was shut down in 1979 by then-Gov. Bob List after a series of environmental and safety problems, Loux said.
	www.reviewjournal.com /lvrj_home/2004/Oct-01-Fri-2004/news/24893464.html (655 words)

	Low level - Low level format utilities for the hard disk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The water level in Lake Okeechobee, a reservoir for millions in parched south Florida, dropped to a record low Thursday, the local water district said.
		Using the Low level MIDI API, you need to first call midiOutOpen() or midiInOpen() to open some MIDI device for output or input respectively.
		Low-level waste is an unavoidable by-product of the beneficial uses of a wide range of radioactive materials.
	moreindex.com /mrid/low-level.html (1166 words)

	Nuclear Waste Project Office Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		In the Nuclear Waste Policy Act, as amended, Congress designated Yucca Mountain, Nevada, to be the only site studied as a geologic repository for the storage of the nation's high-level nuclear waste.
		Although this route is not currently identified as an alternative for transporting high-level waste, it is used for transporting low-level waste to the Nevada Test Site, and there is concern that high-level waste could potentially be transported via this route.
		The Nuclear Waste Project Office is funded by a grant to White Pine County from the United States Department of Energy.
	www.wpnwpo.com (492 words)

	Las Vegas SUN: DOE plan would send low-level waste to Test Site (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Over a 10-year period those extra loads of radioactive and toxic waste would be enough to cover a football field to a depth of 10 feet, Carl Gertz, DOE's assistant environmental manager in Nevada, said Tuesday.
		The DOE is asking to bring up to 700,000 cubic feet of the mixed wastes, most of it from Rocky Flats, Colo., and Oak Ridge, Tenn., Harkess said.
		In 1997 the DOE stopped truckloads of sludge contaminated with low levels of radioactivity from its Fernald, Ohio, uranium processing plant from coming to the Test Site after six shipments arrived leaking liquid and a seventh load was noticed leaking by a truck driver near Kingman, Ariz.
	www.lasvegassun.com /sunbin/stories/text/2001/jan/03/511250083.html (467 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)