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	Low-noise amplifier - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		As we know from the Friis' formula that the overall noise figure of the receiver front-end is dominated by the first few stages.
		Using a LNA, the noise of all the subsequent stages is reduced by the gain of the LNA and the noise of the LNA is injected directly into the received signal.
		Thus, it is necessary for a LNA to boost the desired signal power while adding as little noise and distortion as possible so that the retrieval of this signal is possible in the later stages in the system.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low-noise_amplifier (168 words)

	ipedia.com: Electronic amplifier Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Amplifier circuits are classified as A, B, AB and C for analogue designs, and class D and E for switching designs.
		In an analogue amplifier, the signal is applied to the input terminal of the device (base, gate or grid), and this causes a current to flow in proportion to the input between the output terminal and ground (collector, drain or anode).
		In a Class A circuit, the amplifying element is biased such that the device is always conducting to some extent, and is operated over the most linear portion of its characteristic curve (known as its transfer function or transconductance curve).
	www.ipedia.com /electronic_amplifier.html (2725 words)

	LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER FOR 2304 MHz USING THE HP ATF-36077 PHEMT DEVICE
		Low Noise Amplifiers for 2304, 3456, 5760, and 10368 MHz using the
		On the 3 low frequency units a resistor in series with the drain is used to improve stability.
		The LNA uses a wire inductor for the input noise match and a microstripline match for the output with a small resistor in series with the drain to lower gain and improve stability.
	www.ve1alq.com /downloads/preamps/mw97lna1.html (2330 words)

	Discover Circuits - Amplifier Circuits - Low Noise
		Furthermore, amplifier noise figures are not at their minimum for low-impedance sources such as 50 Ohm.
		Low Noise Balanced Microphone Preamp: very low noise, close to the theoretical minimum, high hum rejection and variable gain with a single rotary pot, similar to that used in many professional grade mixing desks (added 7/03)
		Low noise Power for thermoelectric coolers: 03/22/99 Electronic Design - Ideas for Design / (added 9/04) Thermoelectric coolers (TECs) are used to cool high-sensitivity transducers, such as CCDs and photodiodes, in an effort to raise their performance even further.
	www.discovercircuits.com /A/a-lownoise.htm (419 words)

	Low Noise Amplifier
		The low noise amplifier(LNA) is one of the major components of the receiver subsystem.
		After evaluating different transistors based on their gain for noise figure specifications, the NE34018 GaAs transistor manufactured by CEL was chosen based on its high gain for a very low noise figure.
		Since a high gain low noise amplifier was needed to improve the range of the system, it was decided to design a two-stage amplifier.
	cegt201.bradley.edu /projects/proj2004/wsr1000/LNA.htm (744 words)

	Encyclopedia article on Amplifier [EncycloZine] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The relationship of the input to the output--usually expressed as a function of the input frequency--is called the transfer function of the amplifier, and the magnitude of the transfer function is termed the gain.
		The most common type of amplifier is the electronic amplifier, commonly used in radio and television transmitters and receivers, high-fidelity ("hi-fi") stereo equipment, microcomputers and other electronic digital equipment, and guitar and other instrument amplifiers.
		Another type of amplifier is the fluidic amplifier, based on the fluidic triode.
	encyclozine.com /Amplifier (303 words)

	Low Noise Amplifier
		To amplify the received signal in a microwave system, a low noise amplifier (LNA) is required.
		Because any noise injected by components in a system is amplified by later gain stages along with the signal, it is essential that the signal be amplified early in the receiver chain while adding as little noise as possible.
		The goal of this laboratory exercise is to design a microwave transistor with lowest noise figure possible, for the given FET and information (and gain as high as possible, as our second priority).
	www.ee.byu.edu /class/ee460/lab-464/lna.html (643 words)

	Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) Matching Techniques for Optimizing Noise Figures - Maxim/Dallas
		An RF amplifier is an active network that increases the amplitude of weak signals, thereby allowing further processing by the receiver.
		It is assumed that noise from the source is uncorrelated with noise from the two-port network.
		To design an amplifier for minimum noise figure, determine (experimentally or from the data sheet) the source resistance and bias point that produce the minimum noise figure for that device.
	www.maxim-ic.com /appnotes.cfm/appnote_number/3169 (1772 words)

	Citations: A 1.5 V, 1.5 GHz CMOS low noise amplifier - Shaeffer, Lee (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Several studies have claimed that the fundamental noise performance of CMOS amplifiers would be limited by the noise sources of thermal origin, such as the excessive drain noise in the saturation region [3] 4] and....
		Since the noise performance of the fully integrated CMOS low noise amplifier (LNA) is poor, most of the reported LNA circuits use highquality off chip inductors that include bonding wires to prevent any further degradation of noise performance.
		Low-power Adaptive Bipolar Low Noise Amplifier - Sandro Haddad And (2001)
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /context/970437/0 (3099 words)

	ABCs of Amplifiers - Microwave Encyclopedia - Microwaves101.com
		Near the input of any receiver a low noise amplifier is positioned.
		The primary characteristic of an LNA is its noise figure, which is a measure of how much the LNA degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of the received signal.
		Other important characteristics of and LNA are its linearity (measured in P1dB or third order intercept), and its survivable power, its DC dissipation (particularly important in battery-power wireless devices, and satellite systems).
	www.microwaves101.com /encyclopedia/LNA.cfm (194 words)

	Sci-Tech Today - - Low-Noise Wireless Amplifier Targeted for 3G
		The company said LNA is a good option for applications where space is at a premium.
		LNA is packaged in a surface-mounted, ceramic-module package that measures a compact 7mm by 10mm.
		By offering low-noise and high-intercept performance, with a typical noise figure of 1.1dB and a typical output intercept of 34dBm, the amplifier is well suited for wireless receiver appliations, the company reported.
	www.sci-tech-today.com /perl/story/7296.html (434 words)

	Amplifier noise temperatures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		This noise temperature Tn is found by toggling a source with known on and off temperatures T, and measuring the two resulting levels of output power.
		Summary: The noise temperature Tn of the two amplifiers in cascade is the noise temperature of the first plus the noise temperature of the second divided by the gain of the first:
		Conversion to dB: In less demanding situations, amplifiers are rated by a quantity called the noise factor F of the amplifier.
	www.mth.msu.edu /~maccluer/Lna/noisetemp.html (520 words)

	A low-cost, two-stage, low noise amplifier for 5 GHz to 6 GHz applications using the silicon-germanium BFP640 transistor
		A high-performance, low-cost, highly repeatable two-stage low noise amplifier (LNA) for use in 5 GHz to 6 GHz wireless applications is presented.
		In designing the LNA for both low parts count and best possible noise figure, it was decided to avoid any external input impedance matching elements, if at all possible.
		A plot of noise figure versus frequency for the two-stage cascade LNA is given in Figure 5.
	rfdesign.com /mag/radio_lowcost_twostage_low (2296 words)

	Approach Yields Low-Noise Amplifiers
		To obtain a very low noise figure, suppose that a gallium-arsenide field-effect transistor (GaAs FET) is selected, in particular the NE67300 from NEC/California Eastern Laboratories (Santa Clara, CA) with the noise and S-parameters listed in the table.
		It is not always necessary to obtain unconditional stability for a low-noise amplifier because its source and load impedances usually are well controlled and not subject to variation.
		The final low-noise amplifier circuit and performance are shown in Fig.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/9367/9367.html (1196 words)

	Low Noise Amplifier Design for Ultrasonic Systems (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The amplifier must possess sufficient gain and bandwidth to correctly amplify the signals and should be matched with respect to impedance for efficient energy transfer.
		Initially, a range of ‘off the shelf’ current and voltage amplifiers will be evaluated with respect to signal and noise performance.
		This is essentially a hardware project embracing amplifier design (including the use of circuit simulators), printed circuit board layout and manufacture, circuit construction and testing.
	www.eee.strath.ac.uk /ugprojects/_96-97/eee/hay1.htm (187 words)

	Broadband low-noise amplifier using GaAs FET
		The amplifier results with distributed elements and post-optimization, using Genesys V8, are shown in Figure 2.
		The optimized noise figure is satisfactory considering that the maximum optimum noise figure of the device itself is 0.8 dB in the frequency band.
		Because of the high input and output impedances of the GaAs FET, the input and output VSWR of the amplifier is poor and can be improved by incorporating other techniques, including balancing the single-ended amplifier with 90° hybrids such as Lange couplers.
	rfdesign.com /mag/radio_broadband_lownoise_amplifier/index.html (652 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		A low-noise optical amplifier solves crosstalk problems in optical amplifiers by using an optical cavity oriented off-axis (e.g.
		Other advantages are that the lasing field is easily separated from the amplified signal and the carrier grating fluctuations induced by four-wave mixing are decreased.
		Two related methods reduce the amplified spontaneous emission power without sacrificing the gain of the optical amplifier.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=87759 (301 words)

	2GHz BJT Low Noise Amplifier
		The specifications are: 3 V supply, 2 mA collector current, lowest noise at 2 GHz, gain > 10 dB at 2 GHz, input and output reflection coefficients better than -10 dB at 2 GHz and unconditionally stable.
		"Circles.dsn" simulates the S-parameters, noise parameters and stability parameters before the addition of input and output matching networks.
		"Input_match.dsn" designs the input matching network to generate a source impedance that is a tradeoff between gain and noise figure.
	eesof.tm.agilent.com /docs/adsdoc2003A/examples/mwckts/LNA.html (256 words)

	The SETI League, Inc. Water-Hole Low Noise Amplifier
		Seen here with its cover removed (click on thumbnail to view full-sized image) is a commercial low-noise amplifier (LNA) for the 1.3 to 1.7 GHz Water-Hole, based upon a SETI League design.
		The amplifier prototype was demonstrated on Hewlett-Packard network and noise figure analyzers at that year's Microwave Update conference, with encouraging results.
		This particular amplifier is being supplied commercially, in both kit and assembled form, by Down East Microwave.
	www.setileague.org /hardware/lna.htm (738 words)

	Low Noise Amplifier
		Measurements on LNA's with not ideal input match are tricky, and results should be analyzed very careful.
		Switching the LNA away from the feedhorn is very important during TX.
		The discussion of noise figure measurement uncertainty is also discussed, and this excel sheet gives you a good idea between the relation of noise figure measurement and input match.
	users.telenet.be /on7un/new_page_1.htm (228 words)

	Wireless Microwave Low Noise Amplifier
		The amplifier may be operated in both CW and pulsed modes.
		The housing and input/output connectors are sealed making the HPA Series ideal for airborne operations where the amplifier is mounted on the helicopter skid.
		The HPA Series amplifier is well suited for applications in surveillance, law enforcement, military UAV and RPV, and airborne data/telemetry.
	www.pmicrowave.com /HPA20WPA.html (280 words)

	EDN Access--10.23.97 Wideband, low-noise amplifier drives 50V loads (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		The circuit can serve as a low-noise preamp for spectrum analyzers and other 50 ohm measurement equipment or as an output-power amplifier for signal generators and oscillators.
		The amplifiers collectively contribute perhaps 2-dB peaking to the small-signal response, and the rest is largely a function of layout and construction practices.
		The low-noise amplifier's performance depends on the layout and construction technique.
	www.edn.com /archives/1997/102397/22di_03.htm (297 words)

	1:1, Dual 1:1 AND 1:2 REDUNDANT LOW-NOISE AMPLIFIER SYSTEMS
		The 1:1, dual 1:1 and 1:2 redundant low-noise amplifier (LNA) systems are designed to ensure continuous operation without disruption of signal transmission.
		A fault condition in the on-line LNA, or an operator generated command, will switch the standby LNA to the on-line position and remove the on-line LNA from the signal path.
		The redundant LNA system consists of an outdoor amplifier/switch assembly which mounts at the antenna hub, rack mounted indoor local control unit and interconnection control cable.
	www.miteq.com /satcomeq/amplif/d235b (98 words)

	Low Noise Amplifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Rugged and water resistant, the new amplifiers are available with a gain of either 24 or 35 dB and a noise figure of 3 dB max.
		The amplifiers are intended for applications such as GPS test equipment and other engineering and production systems.
		The amplifiers are available immediatly and start at a price of $250 per unit, with quantity pricing available (
	www.guerra-tech.com /html/pr-low_noise_amplifier.html (124 words)

	1GHz Low Noise Amplifier
		This example shows how to examine stability, noise and gain, and how to design the input and output matching networks for a 1GHz LNA.
		"AmpLayout.dsn" is a subcircuit containing the layout and schematic of the finished amplifier, replacing ideal components with models from the SMT Passive Component Library.
		Figure 2: Amplifier gain comparison between ideal simulation and that from layout.
	eesof.tm.agilent.com /docs/adsdoc2003A/examples/mwckts/LNA1GHz.html (307 words)

	Build An E-pHEMT Low-Noise Amplifier
		The ATF-54143 is one of a family of high-dynamic-range, low-noise enhancement-mode PHEMT discrete transistors designed for use in low-cost commercial applications in the VHF through 6 GHz frequency range.
		Besides having a very low typical noise figure (0.5 dB) at 2 GHz, the ATF-54143 is specified at 2 GHz and +3-VDC bias to provides a +36 dBm output third-order intercept point at 60 mA drain current.
		Unless a circuit is actually oscillating on the bench, it may be difficult to predict instabilities without actually presenting various VSWR loads at various phase angles to the amplifier.
	www.mwrf.com /Articles/ArticleID/7763/7763.html (1204 words)

	A Broadband Low-Noise-Amplifier (ResearchIndex) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Abstract: This report describes the design of a two-stage broadband low-noise-amplifier (LNA) for the frequency range from 3 GHz to 9 GHz, using GaAs MESFETs with an f t of 20 GHz.
		In the frequency band of operation, the achieved noise figure (NF) is within 0.5 dB from the minimum NF of a single transistor, the power gain is 15 dB, flat within 1 dB, and the maximum input VSWR is lower than 3.
		0.6: A 1.5V, 1.5GHz CMOS Low Noise Amplifier - Derek Shaeffer And
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /daniel99broadband.html (144 words)

	High Power/Low Noise Amplifier (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-07)
		Ball Aerospace produces a High Power Amplifier/Low Noise Amplifier (HPA/LNA) for the full range Satcom, UHF, DAMA and Line-of-Sight (LOS) frequency operation.
		It offers a complete power amplifier and low noise amplifier for military UHF Satcom use.
		The power amplifier is enabled when transmitting, and bypassed during receiving for LOS operation – and that means greatly improved LOS communication links when operating on the move, and when the antenna is not pointed in the optimal direction.
	www.ballaerospace.com /ant_hpa_lna.html (296 words)

	Variable-Gain Low-Noise Current Amplifier DLPCA-200
		Packed with features the DLPCA-200 Variable-Gain Transimpedance Amplifier is designed for a wide range of applications that require the conversion of small currents into usable voltages.
		Unlike similar amplifiers available the DLPCA-200 requires no particular adaptation, such as frequency compensation for different sources.
		switchable 10 Hz lowpass filter to eliminate wideband noise and thus allowing accurate and ultra low-noise DC current measurements down to femtoAmperes.
	www.femto.de /products/dlpca.html (269 words)

	Analog Devices Part Number- AD624 - High Precision, Low Noise Instrumentation Amplifier
		The AD624 is a high precision, low noise, instrumentation amplifier designed primarily for use with low level transducers, including load cells, strain gauges and pressure transducers.
		Low Noise: 0.2 ÂµV p-p 0.1 Hz to 10 Hz Low Gain TC: 5 ppm max (G = 1)
		Find out which op-amp or in-amp is best for your design, and view the error budget analysis for that solution.
	www.analog.com /en/prod/0,,AD624,00.html (306 words)

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