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Topic: Low vowel

Related Topics

vowel roundedness

vowel height

front vowel

close vowel

rounded vowel

open vowel

open back unrounded vowel

mid vowel

vowel harmony

unrounded vowel

Great Vowel Shift

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	Vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In high vowels, such as [i] and [u], the tongue is positioned high in the mouth, whereas in low vowels, such as [a], the tongue is positioned low in the mouth.
		Furthermore, in English some vowel sounds are represented by combinations of vowel letters, such as the ea in beat or by a vowel letter and an approximant letter, as the ow in how, or the er in her.
		Vowels are especially important to the structures of words in languages that have very few consonants (like Polynesian languages such as Maori and Hawaiian), and in languages whose inventory of vowels is larger than its inventory of consonants (like Sedang, a relative of Vietnamese, which contrasts 55 different vowel qualities).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vowel (2729 words)

	Vowel
		In phonetics, a vowel is a sound in spoken language that is characterized by an open configuration of the vocal tract, in contrast to consonants, which are characterized by a constriction or closure at one or more points along the vocal tract.
		Height refers to the tongue position during the articulation of a vowel relative to the roof and bottom of the mouth.
		Vowels are de-voiced in whispered speech, and in Japanese, vowels that are low pitched and between voiceless consonants are de-voiced.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/v/vo/vowel.html (1668 words)

	Vowel -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Vowels usually form the peak or nucleus of a (A unit of spoken language larger than a phoneme) syllable, whereas consonants form the onset and coda.
		The name "vowel" is often used for the symbols used for representing vowel sounds in a language's (A method of representing the sounds of a language by written or printed symbols) writing system, particularly if the language uses an (A character set that includes letters and is used to write a language) alphabet.
		Furthermore, in English some vowel sounds are represented by combinations of vowel letters, such as the ea in beat or by a vowel letter and an (Click link for more info and facts about approximant) approximant letter, as the ow in how, or the er in her.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/v/vo/vowel.htm (2788 words)

	Vowel - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In front vowels, such as, the tongue is positioned forward in the mouth, whereas in back vowels, such as, the tongue is positioned towards the back of the mouth.
		Tenseness is the amount of energy expended in producing the vowel, so that tense vowels have higher formants and generally greater tongue involvement in the production of the sound that their lax counterparts.
		Long vowels are written in the IPA with a triangular colon, which has two equilateral triangles pointing at each other in place of dots (e.g.
	encyclopedia.worldsearch.com /vowel.htm (1854 words)

	Open vowel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The defining characteristic of an open vowel is that the tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of the mouth.
		In the context of the phonology of any particular language, a low vowel can be any vowel that is more open than a mid vowel.
		That is, open-mid vowels, near-open vowels, and open vowels can all be considered low vowels.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Open_vowel (182 words)

	Synthetic vowel-nasal formants
		The perception of a synthetic nasal consonant is affected by the formant structure of a preceding vowel.
		Vowel F2 frequency takes values 800 and 2000 Hz; transitions occur from vowel formants to nasal formants; transition lengths are 0, 10, 20 and 40 ms.
		When transitions from the vowel F2 to a target frequency (not necessarily corresponding to a nasal formant frequency) are present between vowel and nasal, the target frequency determines the perception of the nasal consonant.
	www.dcs.shef.ac.uk /~sue/synthvn_formants.html (550 words)

	Vowels
		Vowels are produced when the lungs push air through the mouth.
		Unlike English the five basic vowels in Esperanto are not diphthongs, and it is very important for English speakers to strive to avoid tongue movement and to produce pure vowels.
		However, both the tense vowel /e/ and the lax vowel /ɛ/ of 'bet' occur in the speech of many speakers of Esperanto, and the distribution probably depends on the distribution in the native language of the speaker.
	www.owlnet.rice.edu /~wies301/Vowels.html (1300 words)

	Phonetic symbols for vowels
		Vowel qualities are classified according to tongue position (high/mid/low, closed/open and front/central/back) and rounding of the lips.
		The vowel symbols presented here are based on those used by linguists in the Americas (rather than those of the International Phonetic Alphabet), partly because this is the dominant practice for describing languages of Mexico, and partly because the Americanist symbols are easier to represent in web pages.
		Most of the materials published in indigenous languages of Mexico are not published in phonetic transcription but in a practical orthography, which, besides reflecting the sound system of the language, must also take into account the practical requirements of typewriters, the preferences of native speakers, and other factors.
	www.sil.org /mexico/ling/glosario/E005ei-VowelsChart.htm (445 words)

	Phonology: Vowels
		Vowels may be classified as either rounded or unrounded, as either lax or tense, and as either long or short.
		Vowel length is presumably a matter of duration: that is, how long the vowel-sound is sustained in its articulation.
		Vowels for which the jaw is relatively low during articulation are called, unsurprisingly, low vowels; and vowels for which the jaw is relatively high (the mouth is more nearly closed) are called high vowels.
	alpha.furman.edu /~wrogers/phonemes/phono/phvowel.htm (562 words)

	June 1998 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Low F2s are characteristic of /l/, /w/, and /r/.
		It's definitely a very back vowel (the low F2) and quite low (the high F1), and most of us in the western US don't contrast 'script a' with 'open o'.
		This is a short, transitional vowel, so I transcribe it as schwa and move on.
	depts.washington.edu /~phonlab/mystery/arc0798.htm (1434 words)

	Vowel (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In most Germanic languages, lax vowels can only occure in closed syllables.
		English has all three types: the vowel sound in hit is a monophthong [ɪ], the vowel sound in boy is in most dialects a diphthong [ɔɪ], and the vowel sounds of way [weɪ], flower (BrE [aʊə] AmE [aʊɚ]) form a triphthong, although the particular qualities vary by dialect.
		For example, the vowel sounds in a two-syllable pronunciation of the word flower (BrE [flaʊə] AmE [flaʊɚ]) phonetically form a triphthong, but are phonologically a sequence of a diphthong (represented by the letters ) and a monophthong (represented by the letters ).
	www.arikah.net /encyclopedia/Vowels (1966 words)

	Insights on Vowel Spacing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The principle holds that vowels tend to be evenly distributed in the available phonetic space and also widely distributed, within the limitations of the particular system.
		(ii) In the case of low vowels, the complementary vowel is always the non-central vowel.
		Vowels in the remaining systems appear to be distributed unevenly in the phonetic space, contrary to the predictions of any dispersion theory.
	mails.fju.edu.tw /~phono/handout9.htm (1300 words)

	Canadian English Phonetics
		Vowels that are plotted farther to the right have lower F2 values, and are therefore pronounced with the tongue bunched farther back in the mouth.
		That is, as shown in the discussion of diphthongs, tense vowels tend to be phonetic diphthongs in English.
		For some vowels, the differences in formant structure are enough that a particular vowel in one dialect could sound like a different vowel in another dialect.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~lsp/Canadian/canphon2.html (890 words)

	The Sounds of Standard American English
		Schwa is used to represent unstressed vowels, like those in the and of, as well as any like the second vowel of the word dated.
		The two vowels are 'merged' in Mid-western, western, and southern American English, as well as in Canadian English.
		A diphthong is a complex vowel, made of two components; a diphthong begins as one vowel and finishes as another.
	www.ic.arizona.edu /~lsp/IPA/SSAE.html (340 words)

	Humdrum Toolkit User's Guide -- Chapter 33
		Vowels are particular important in music since notes can be sustained only by increasing the duration of the vowels.
		The vowel `oo' is a front position vowel whereas the vowel `ah' is a back position vowel.
		The vowel `ee' is a high vowel whereas the vowel `oh' is a low vowel.
	www.musicog.ohio-state.edu /Humdrum/guide33.html (1896 words)

	Vowel Height as Multi-Dimensional. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In a treatment of the phonology of vowel raising in Bulgarian, Pettersson and Wood (1987) argue that the rule of vowel reduction, in which the vowels /e, a, o/ are raised to /i,, u/, respectively, cannot be treated elegantly in a standard binary feature treatment of vowel heights.
		/e, o/ are mid vowels, and undergo raising to high, while /a/ is a low vowel, and raises to mid.
		In common practice vowel height is inconsistently held to be both two dimensions (in the formal structure) and one dimension (in phonetic reality).
	tomveatch.com /Veatch1991/node27.html (804 words)

	The Great Vowel Shift -- brief note on language
		Beginning in the twelfth century and continuing until the eighteenth century (but with its main effects in the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries) the sounds of the long stressed vowels in English changed their places of articulation (i.e., how the sounds are made).
		Old and Middle English were written in the Latin alphabet and the vowels were represented by the letters assigned to the sounds in Latin.
		The Great Vowel shift invloved a regular movement of the places of articulation: The front vowels each moved up a notch, except for /i:/, which formed a dipthong.
	www.people.fas.harvard.edu /%7Echaucer/vowels.html (768 words)

	IPA and North American vowel charts (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Phonologically, most languages don't make a difference between front and back low vowels -- whether their single low vowel [a] should be treated as front or central or back is not a pressing question.
		Especially in narrow transcriptions, it would be more accurate to add a diacritic indicating that the vowel is advanced or centralized, or to use the symbol [ɜ] for a lower-mid central vowel (approved in 1996).
		The cardinal vowel system hinges on the four corners of the vowel space, and the cardinal vowels are arranged around the well-defined edges.
	www.bangor.ac.uk /linguistics/QXL2219/ipavsna.htm (711 words)

	Quia - The mid-back-tense vowel in contrast with the low-back-tense vowel
		Quia - The mid-back-tense vowel in contrast with the low-back-tense vowel
		The mid-back-tense vowel in contrast with the low-back-tense vowel
		The mid-back-tense vowel sounds like "o" in "go"; the low-back-tense vowel sounds like "a" in the "fall".
	www.quia.com /jg/28243list.html (50 words)

	Solution to Last Month's Mystery Spectrogram - Rob Hagiwara
		At that left edge of the vowel, the F1 indicates a higher-than-mid vowel, and a slightly front vowel, with a basically neutral F3.
		Not as low as low gets, but the F1 is definitely high of the mid-range.
		Okay, so if the vowel is /o/ and this is an off-glide (like a /w/), this sentence doesn't make any sense.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~robh/archives/arc0212.html (2528 words)

	Finnish Syllabification
		The definition of a long vowel is simple: any two adjacent identical vowels in the Finnish orthograpy make a long vowel.
		A low (a, ä) or mid (e, o) vowel followed by a high (i, u, y) vowel constitutes a dipthong, for example, lai.va 'ship', lei.pä 'bred', häijy 'mean', kou.lu 'shool', köy.hä 'poor'.
		The harmonizing low and mid back vowels (a, o) do not combine with the high front vowel y and the harmonizing low and mid front vowels (ä, ö) do not combine with the high back vowel u.
	www.stanford.edu /~laurik/fsmbook/exercises/FinnishSyllabification.html (343 words)

	MSN Encarta - Dictionary - low
		The sinking sun was low in the sky.
		phonetics pronounced low in mouth: pronounced with the tongue lying low on the bottom of the mouth
		in low position: in or to a low position, state, degree, or level
	beta.encarta.msn.com /dictionary_/low.html (305 words)

	Solution
		So we've got a low, backish vowel which is moving frontish and highish.
		The relatively shortness of the vowel suggests [I] but it could be reduced from something else.
		Wells (1982) explicitly lists 'too' as a 'goose' vowel, but doesn't say in the section on the 'goose' set that it is definitely a [ju] word as opposed to an [u] word.
	home.cc.umanitoba.ca /~robh/archives/arc0110.html (1222 words)

	ACCENT - LoveToKnow Article on ACCENT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		As every vowel has its own natural pitch, and a frequent interchange between e (a high vowel) and o (a low vowel) occurs in the Indo-European languages, it has been suggested that e originally went with the highest pitch accent, while o appeared in syllables of a lower pitch.
		But if there is any foundation for the theory, which is by no means certain, its effects have been distorted and modified by all manner of analogical processes.
		Thus iroi^v with acute accent and Salnav with the acute accent on the preceding syllable would correspond to the rule, so would dXr)#s and ibros, but there are many exceptions like 656s where the acute accent accompanies an o vowel.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /A/AC/ACCENT.htm (1525 words)

	Vowel Representations in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of the Cat: Effects of Level, Background Noise, and Behavioral ...
		Vowel Representations in the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus of the Cat: Effects of Level, Background Noise, and Behavioral State -- May et al.
		noise on neural representations of the vowel /
		The effects of stimulus level on vowel representations in the VCN of an anesthetized cat are illustrated in Fig.
	jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/79/4/1755 (7840 words)

	Solution for June 2001 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		There's nothing really diphthongy about this vowel in its F1, but having looked a lot of these vowels, I can convince myself there's a bit of a 'delay' between the transitional part of the F2 and the high front-part (which is the steadiest portion of this vowel).
		Since the F1 is definitely not low-low-low, this vowel is definitely not high-high-high.
		The low F3 suggests a very round vowel, which in my speech is only /o/.
	depts.washington.edu /phonlab/mystery/cursol.htm (1102 words)

	Encyclopedia: Vowel height (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		In phonetics, vowel height refers to the position of the tongue relative to the roof of the mouth in a vowel sound.
		The first formant of a vowel (F1) usually corresponds to vowel height, with a higher F1 corresponding to a lower vowel height and a lower F1 corresponding to a higher vowel height.
		The International Phonetic Alphabet identifies 7 different vowel heights, although no language distinguishes all 7:
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Vowel-height (123 words)

	Tone Formula
		Fortunately, the system was designed using a defined set of rules, and spending time with it will certainly enrich the experience.
		Be able to recognize the Type of the Vowel (Long Short).
		If there is also a vowel in the same spot, the tone mark is placed above the vowel.
	www.couragesoftware.com /toneform.htm (548 words)

	ACCENT - Online Information article about ACCENT
		As every vowel has its own natural pitch, and a frequent inter-change between e (a high vowel) and o (a See also:
		low vowel) occurs in the Indo-European languages, it has been suggested that e originally went with the highest pitch accent, while o appeared in syllables of a See also:
		The strength of the expiration may be greatest either at the beginning, the end or the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /A10_ADA/ACCENT.html (2636 words)

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