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Topic: Low-density lipoprotein


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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)

  
 Low density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by cells.
LDL is formed as VLDL lipoproteins, which lose triglyceride through the action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), and become smaller and denser containing a higher proportion of cholesterol.
With the decreasing cost, greater availability, wider acceptance and research use of other lipoprotein assay methods, especially NMR spectroscopy, ongoing research studies have shown the strongest correlation between human clinically obvious cardiovascular event rates has been with quantitatively measured particle concentrations, more so than particle size and particle cholesterol/lipid content.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Low_density_lipoprotein   (1028 words)

  
 Flavonoids and the Oxidation of Low-Density Lipoprotein
The modification of low density lipoprotein by the flavonoids myricetin and gossypetin.
Lipoproteins are protected from oxidation after they have been isolated from human serum or plasma to which red wine has been added.24-27 This suggests that, when the antioxidant components of red wine are absorbed by the intestine, they may be sequestered by LDL in the circulation and protect the lipoprotein from subsequent oxidation.
LDL oxidized locally in atherosclerotic lesions may be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.1 Oxidized LDL is endocytosed rapidly by macrophages, activates proinflammatory genes, induces apoptosis, and has many other potentially atherogenic effects.
www.tea.co.uk /cgi_gen/reslib/2001080107.htm   (2433 words)

  
 Very low density lipoprotein - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
It is converted in the bloodstream to low density lipoprotein (LDL).
It is assembled in the liver from cholesterol and apolipoproteins.
VLDL is prone to accelerate atherosclerosis, and is elevated in a number of diseases and metabolic states.
en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Very_low_density_lipoprotein   (82 words)

  
 MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia: LDL
LDL is a test that measures the amount of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in blood serum.
Goal LDL levels for patients at high risk for atherosclerosis-- such as patients with diabetes -- or those with known heart disease may be even lower than 100 mg/dL.
LDL is sometimes referred to as "bad" cholesterol, because elevated levels of LDL correlate most directly with coronary heart disease.
www.nlm.nih.gov /medlineplus/ency/article/003495.htm   (830 words)

  
 LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is the “bad” cholesterol, which carries mostly fat and only a small amount of protein from the liver to other parts of the body.
People with at least a moderate risk for developing heart disease (especially those who have diabetes) may benefit from lowering LDL cholesterol levels.
An LDL cholesterol level of 100 to 129 mg/dL (2.6 to 3.35 mmol/L) is considered near optimal.
my.webmd.com /hw/health_guide_atoz/stl158077.asp   (223 words)

  
 BioCarta - Charting Pathways of Life
LDL in the plasma originates from very-low density lipoprotein (vLDL) produced by the liver with the apoprotein B-100.
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is a plasma lipoprotein particle whose lipid component includes cholesterol and triglycerides and is commonly referred to as “bad cholesterol” due to its role promoting atherogenic heart disease.
Therapeutic intervention in atherogenic heart disease focuses first on lowering plasma LDL levels through diet and medication.
www.biocarta.com /pathfiles/h_LDLpathway.asp   (459 words)

  
 Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (Direct)
LDL cholesterol measurement, in conjunction with other lipid measurements, has been shown to be useful in assessing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).
For the direct determination of LDL cholesterol in nonfasting patients or in patients whose fasting triglycerides are >400 mg/dL, where the estimation of LDL by calculation may not be possible or may lead to inaccuracies.
Laboratory estimation of LDL cholesterol is most commonly determined by the use of formulas, such as the Friedewald formula.
www.labcorp.com /datasets/labcorp/html/chapter/mono/sc033800.htm   (339 words)

  
 Dorlands Medical Dictionary
t[emacr]n)  any of the lipid-protein complexes in which lipids are transported in the blood; lipoprotein particles consist of a spherical hydrophobic core of triglycerides or cholesteryl esters surrounded by an amphipathic monolayer of phospholipids, cholesterol, and apolipoproteins; the four principal classes are high-density, low-density, and very-low-density lipoproteins and chylomicrons.
It is formed in the circulation when very-low-density lipoproteins are degraded first to intermediate-density lipoproteins and then to LDL by the gain and loss of specific apolipoproteins and the loss of most of their triglycerides.
very-low-density lipoprotein,  (VLDL)   a class of lipoproteins that transport triglycerides from the intestine and liver to adipose and muscle tissues.
www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_l_12zPzhtm   (2894 words)

  
 low-density lipoprotein. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
LDL A complex of lipids and proteins, with greater amounts of lipid than protein, that transports cholesterol in the blood.
High levels are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease.
www.bartleby.com /61/71/L0267150.html   (98 words)

  
 Cholesterol and Advice To Lower Cholesterol by CholesterolHelper.com
Remember, there are two types of cholesterol, LDL, which is low density lipoproteins and HDL, which is high density lipoproteins.
Low cholesterol, much like high cholesterol, is also known to lead to coronary heart disease.
Since cholesterol can lead to other diseases and conditions, keep a close watch on your levels is very important.
www.cholesterolhelper.com   (98 words)

  
 Glossary: very low density lipoprotein
Elevations in very low density lipoprotein in the bloodstream are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease.
A lipoprotein substances (combination of a fat and a protein) which acts as a carrier for cholesterol and fats (particularly triglycerides) in the bloodstream.
www.becomehealthynow.com /glossary/vldl.htm   (98 words)

  
 Lipids Online Slides: hdl, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
In the Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS), the probability of event-free survival was significantly improved with fluvastatin among patients with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (P = 0.002; left panel).
In the Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS), fluvastatin significantly reduced coronary artery disease progression among patients with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), as measured by decreases in minimum lumen diameter (MLD): 0.065 mm versus 0.274 mm with placebo (P = 0.0004).
Because these patients frequently have low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL-C should be used instead of total cholesterol, as recommended in the NCEP guidelines.
www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=hdl&dpg=204   (958 words)

  
 Atkins Nutritionals: The Science Behind Atkins: Research Summaries: Cholesterol: Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Patterns and Lipoprotein Response to a Reduced-Fat Diet in Men
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) subclass pattern B is characterized by small, dense LDL particles, and associated with increased levels of triglycerides and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).
The authors suggest that genetic and environmental factors may influence LDL subclass (pattern A versus pattern B) distributions and thus contribute substantially to an individual’s response to a low- fat diet.
Pattern B is associated with increased risk of heart disease compared to individuals with high levels of larger, buoyant LDL (pattern A), which is associated with lower risk of heart disease.
atkins.com /Archive/2002/1/11-63225.html   (542 words)

  
 InterPro: IPR002172 Low density lipoprotein-receptor, class A
Low density lipoprotein (LDL) is the major cholesterol-carrying lipoprotein of plasma.
Some entries could be mapped to very low level (specific) GO terms, while entries describing wider families or common domains were mapped to higher level terms or could not be mapped at all.
The repeat has been shown [ 3 ] to consist of a beta-hairpin structure followed by a series of beta turns.
www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR002172   (2999 words)

  
 Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subclass Testing for Screening, Diagnosis and Management of Dyslipidemia and Cardiovascular Disease
The test provides the number of LDL particles, particle size, and concentrations of subclasses including intermediate density lipoprotein (IDL), subclasses of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and subclasses of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
Small LDL size is one component of an atherogenic lipid profile that also includes increased triglycerides, increased apolipoprotein B, and decreased HDL.
Some studies have reported that LDL size is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease, and others have reported that a shift in LDL size may be a useful marker of treatment response.
www.bcbst.com /MPManual/Low-Density_Lipoprotein_(LDL)_Subclass_Testing_for_Screening,_Diagnosis_and_Management_of_Dyslipidemia_and_Cardiovascular_Disease.htm   (765 words)

  
 LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
A lipoprotein substances (combination of a fat and a protein) which acts as a carrier for cholesterol and fats in the bloodstream.
High levels of LDL are considered a positive risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease.
The medical glossary has been made possible by a generous donation from:
www.medhelp.org /glossary/new/gls_2716.htm   (80 words)

  
 Diagnose-Me: Low-Density Lipoprotein
(LDL), decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), quitting smoking, diabetes, obesity, having a personal or family history of heart disease, sedentary lifestyle,..."
"...triglycerides combined with low HDL (two abnormalities known to be caused by high insulin) are much more predictive of cardiovascular disease than either elevated total cholesterol or elevated
Also known as "bad" cholesterol, LDLs are large, dense, protein-fat particles composed of a moderate proportion of protein and a high proportion of cholesterol.
www.diagnose-me.com /glossary/G629.html   (766 words)

  
 Measurement of Small Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Particles
Lamarche, B., St-Pierre, A.C., Ruel, I.L., Cantin, B., Dagenais, G.R., Despres, J.P. A prospective, population-based study of low density lipoprotein particle size as a risk factor of ischemic heart disease in men.
LDL particle diameter can be measured using nuclear magnetic resonance or ultracentrifugation while particle density can be measured by gradient gel electrophoresis (GGE). GGE is the most commonly used lab technique.
Therefore, measurement of LDL particle density or diameter has been proposed as a technique for further risk stratification in patients with elevated LDL levels, or for patients with normal LDL levels who have other high risk factors for CAD, or to predict response to a particular therapy. 
www.wellmark.com /e_business/provider/medical_policies/policies/LDL.htm   (542 words)

  
 Low density lipoprotein receptor
Mouse LDL (low density lipoprotein) receptor cDNA was amplified by PCR from mouse liver first strand cDNA using polyA+ RNA and the following primers: Primer A (5'-ATTCT....
Increased susceptibility to thickening of aortic valve leaflets
Increased susceptibility to increased plasma VLDL, IDL, and LDL cholesterol
www.bioscience.org /knockout/ldlrec.htm   (94 words)

  
 American Family Physician: Managing Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels
Lovastatin can be used to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and decrease the number of cardiac events, but the HDL level will be minimally affected.
Patients with acceptable levels of LDL and isolated low HDL levels may benefit from treatment with niacin or gemfibrizil.
Patients with low HDL cholesterol levels should undergo lifestyle counseling, including instruction about smoking cessation, weight reduction, exercise and proper diet, although very-low-fat diets may actually decrease HDL levels.
www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_5_60/ai_57437010   (490 words)

  
 LDL (low-density lipoprotein) definition - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart disease
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) transports cholesterol from the liver to the tissues of the body.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein): A molecule that is a combination of lipid (fat) and protein.
LDL (low-density lipoprotein) definition - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and heart disease
www.medterms.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=6232   (199 words)

  
 Hypopituitarsim Is Associated with Triglyceride Enrichment of Very Low-Density Lipoprotein -- Kearney et al. 86 (8): 3900 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hokanson JE, Austin MA 1996 Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies.
Hokanson JE 1997 Lipoprotein lipase gene variants and risk of coronary disease: a quantitative analysis of population-based studies.
lipoprotein lipase deficiency is not associated with an increase
jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/86/8/3900   (3210 words)

  
 LRP3 - Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3 precursor
The spacing of these three residues in memapsin 2 is identical to those in the cytosolic domains of mannose-6-phosphate receptors, sortilin and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3.
These synonyms are used for gene LRP3 (Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3 precursor): hLRp105, low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 3.
We report herein the cDNA cloning of a novel member of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) family termed LDLR-related protein 3 (LRP3).
www.ihop-net.org /UniPub/iHOP/gg/89890.html   (119 words)

  
 Lipoprotein lipase- and hepatic triglyceride lipase- promoted very low density lipoprotein degradation proceeds via an apolipoprotein E-dependent mechanism -- Medh et al. 41 (11): 1858 -- Journal of Lipid Research
Lipoprotein lipase- and hepatic triglyceride lipase- promoted very low density lipoprotein degradation proceeds via an apolipoprotein E-dependent mechanism -- Medh et al.
Lipoprotein lipase- and hepatic triglyceride lipase- promoted very low density lipoprotein degradation proceeds via an apolipoprotein E-dependent mechanism
VLDL particles the yield was low and not enough to iodinate.
www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/41/11/1858   (119 words)

  
 Dorlands Medical Dictionary
VLDL, Very-low-density lipoproteins; IDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins; LDL, low-density lipoproteins; HDL, high-density lipoproteins.
lipoprotein X,   an abnormal low-density lipoprotein with a high content of free cholesterol and abnormal protein content that occurs in patients with cholestasis.
intermediate-density lipoprotein,  (IDL)   a class of lipoproteins formed in the degradation of very-low-density lipoproteins; approximately half are cleared rapidly from the plasma into the liver by receptor-mediated endocytosis; the other half are further degraded to form low-density lipoproteins.
www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_l_12zPzhtm   (119 words)

  
 low-density_lipoprotein
Link to this dictionary definition of low-density lipoprotein
[n] a lipoprotein that transports cholesterol in the blood; composed of moderate amount of protein and a large amount of cholesterol; high levels are thought to be associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease and atherosclerosis.
lookwayup.com /lwu.exe/lwu/d?s=f&w=low-density_lipoprotein   (45 words)

  
 Effect of Estrogen on Very Low Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein Subclass Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women -- Campos et al. 82 (12): 3955 -- Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism
Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Subfractions during Pregnancy: Accumulation of Buoyant LDL with Advancing Gestation
Effect of Estrogen on Very Low Density Lipoprotein and Low Density Lipoprotein Subclass Metabolism in Postmenopausal Women -- Campos et al.
and smaller LDL particles are associated with coronary atherosclerosis.
jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/abstract/82/12/3955   (927 words)

  
 Low Density Lipoprotein - compare prices, reviews and buy at NexTag - Price - Review
E Tocotrienols is derived form the fruits of palm and contains all four isomers which have been shown to support healthy low-density lipoproteins (LDL) levels, which supports...
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Low Density Lipoprotein - compare prices, reviews and buy at NexTag - Price - Review
nextag.com /serv/main/buyer/OutPDir.jsp?search=low+density+lipoprotein   (120 words)

  
 Diabetes: Troglitazone Attenuates Atherosclerosis in Low ... @ HighBeam Research
In order to define the effect of PPAR[Gamma] ligands on atherosclerosis, we fed troglitazone (100 mg/kg body weight/day) to male low density lipoprotein receptor null ([LDR-R.sup.-/-]) mice beginning at age 12 weeks for 3 months.
Where TG = triglyceride, TC = total cholesterol, HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FFA = free fatty acids.
Diabetes; 5/1/1999; LAW, RONALD E. Activation of PPAR[Gamma] may attenuate the atherosclerotic process by inhibition of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration and proliferation, by inhibition of proinflammatory activity of macrophages, or by improvement in circulating lipids.
www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?docid=1G1:54770452&refid=ink_tptd_g1   (291 words)

  
 Lipids Online Slides: ldl, statins, low-density lipoprotein
The predominant effect of statins is to increase low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance, thus reducing LDL cholesterol levels.
Metabolic basis of high density lipoprotein and apolipoprotein A-I increase by HMG-CoA reductase inhibition in healthy subjects and a patient with coronary artery disease.
This slide illustrates the mechanism by which statins affect high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism.
www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=ldl&dpg=256   (160 words)

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