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Topic: Lower Cretaceous

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	Cretaceous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Cretaceous Period is one of the major divisions of the geologic timescale, reaching from the end of the Jurassic Period (i.e.
		The Cretaceous (from Latin creta meaning 'chalk') was named for the extensive beds of chalk (calcium carbonate deposited by the shells of marine invertebrates), found in the upper Cretaceous of Great Britain (including the White Cliffs of Dover) and adjacent continental Europe.
		Pterosaurs were common in the early and middle Cretaceous, but as the Cretaceous proceeded faced growing competition from the adaptive radiation of birds, and by the end of the period only two highly specialised families remained.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cretaceous (1371 words)

	CRETACEOUS PERIOD. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		At the beginning of the Lower Cretaceous in North America, the Mexican Sea of the late Jurassic period spread over Texas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, and parts of Arizona, Kansas, and Colorado.
		Near the end of the Upper Cretaceous, conditions in the west were similar to those of the Carboniferous period in other regions; swamps and bogs were formed that later became valuable deposits of coal.
		The Lower Cretaceous is characterized by a revolution in the plant life, with the sudden appearance of flowering plants (angiosperms) such as the ancestors of the beech, fig, magnolia, and sassafras.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/cr/Cretaceo.html (1076 words)

	Cretaceous Fauna of Rufe Snow
		The Cretaceous Period began in Texas with seas advancing upon the Wichita Paleoplain from the south and east.
		The southern extent of the Cretaceous in the state is marked by limestone of reef origin containing rudistids, corals, and sponges.
		The diminutive nature of the fauna found only in the lower clay facies may indicate that during rapid deposition, the environment in which these animals found themselves was relatively stagnant, was cloudy with silt, water circulation was restricted, and oxygen levels were low.
	www.fossilnews.com /1998/rufesnow2.html (2903 words)

	Cretaceous Fossils: References Oa to Oz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		OBATA, I. Ammonoid Fossils of Japan 2-5 (Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Rikuchu Coast, Iwate Prefecture 3).
		OBATA, I. Ammonoid Fossils of Japan 2-6 (Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Rikuchu Coast, Iwate Prefecture 4).
		OWEN, H. "Correlation of Ammonite Faunal Provinces in the Lower Albian (Mid-Cretaceous)".
	www.cretaceousfossils.com /library/references_oa_to_oz.htm (2028 words)

	"POST-MIOCENE CARBONATE DIAGENESIS OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS EDWARDS GROUP IN THE BALCONES FAULT ZONE AREA, SOUTH-CENTRAL ...
		This study documents the diagenetic history of the Lower Cretaceous Edwards Group in the Balcones fault zone area of south-central Texas.
		During the Late Jurassic and Cretaceous, regional subsidence of the Gulf of Mexico basin resulted in the deposition of an arcuate prism of sediments that thickens from a few hundred feet updip to more than 10,000 feet along the ancient shelf margin 100 to 300 miles downdip (McFarlan, 1977).
		During most of the early Cretaceous, a ridge complex of biogenic reefs, banks, tidal bars, channel fills, and islands existed on the shelf edge that separated the shallow-water interior of Texas from the deeper-water Gulf of Mexico basin.
	www.lib.utexas.edu /geo/balcones_escarpment/pages101-114.html (8576 words)

	Cretaceous Fish References
		Raninella carlilensis, a new raninid crab from the Carlile Shale (Turonian) of Kansas.
		A spiny aptychus from the Cretaceous of Kansas.
		Cretaceous ammonites from the spillway excavation of Cedar Bluff Dam, Trego County, KS.
	www.oceansofkansas.com /fish-ref.html (7686 words)

	Early Cretaceous - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Early Cretaceous (timestratigraphic name) or the Lower Cretaceous (logstratigraphic name), is the earlier of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous Period.
		During this time many new types of dinosaurs appeared or came into prominence, including the Psittacosaurs, Spinosaurs and Coelurosaurs, while other survivors from the Late Jurassic continued.
		In the seas, the ichthyosaurs declined and eventually died out at the start of the Late Cretaceous.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Early_Cretaceous (108 words)

	Cretaceous Fossils: West Texas Rock Correlation Chart (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		On the main part of the diagram, the sandstones (marine and nonmarine) are shown in yellow, while the different shades of gray and brown represent chalks, limestones, calcareous marls (= limy shales or shaley limestones), and shales.
		Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Ammonites of the Malone Mountains, Trans–Pecos Texas.
		STOYANOW, A. Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphy in Southeastern Arizona.
	www.cretaceousfossils.com /stratigraphy/stratigraphic_correlation_pv.htm (2392 words)

	Cretaceous period - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		CRETACEOUS PERIOD [Cretaceous period], third and last period of the Mesozoic era of geologic time (see Geologic Timescale, table), lasting from approximately 144 to 65 million years ago.
		China Strives to Protect Trees of Cretaceous Period.
		Ancient wollemi pines resurgent: ten years after its discovery, a vanishingly rare tree from the Cretaceous Period is a scientific darling and may soon become a commercial success too.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/C/Cretaceo.asp (1235 words)

	Cretaceous bibliography
		Galton, P. M., 1973, A femur of a small theropod dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of England: Journal of Paleontology, v.
		Osmolska, H., 1980, The Late Cretaceous vertebrate assemblages of the Gobi Desert, Mongolia: Memoirs of the Geological Society of France, v.
		Ostrom, J. H., 1976, On a new specimen of the Lower Cretaceous theropod dinosaur Deinonychus antirrhopus: Breviora, v.
	www.talkorigins.org /origins/biblio/cretaceous.html (1464 words)

	Life of the Cretaceous
		Yet the Cretaceous saw the first appearance of many lifeforms that would go on to play key roles in the coming Cenozoic world.
		First appearing in the Lower Cretaceous around 125 million years ago, the flowering plants first radiated in the middle Cretaceous, about 100 million years ago.
		Aphids, grasshoppers, and gall wasps appear in the Cretaceous, as well as termites and ants in the later part of this period.
	www.ucmp.berkeley.edu /mesozoic/cretaceous/cretlife.html (418 words)

	Purbecks - Durlston Bay, England - Part 3: Lower Purbeck
		The lower and main part of the Broken Beds at Durlston Bay consist of calcitised evaporites, often very porous and with some celestite, an insoluble residue of evaporite diagenesis.
		The geological situation of this locality can be quite well understood by considering the proximity to the cliff, the relationship to the strata, the relationship to the structures, and also, incidently, by referring to the old account of the Mammal Pit.
		At the foot of the cliffs are the Lower Purbeck marls and limestones containing interesting evaporitic beds with gypsum.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~imw/Durlston-Bay-Lower-Purbeck.htm (1980 words)

	Welwitschiaceae from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil -- Dilcher et al. 92 (8): 1294 -- American Journal of ...
		Welwitschiaceae from the Lower Cretaceous of northeastern Brazil
		Coimbra J. Arai A. Carreño 2002 Biostratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous microfossils from the Araripe Basin, northeastern Brazil.
		Osborn J. Taylor M. Lima 1993 The ultrastructure of fossil ephedroid pollen with gnetalean affinities from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/92/8/1294 (7050 words)

	A New Look at the Middle to Lower Cretaceous Stratigraphy, Offshore Kuwait
		This paper, however, presents the results of one aspect of the work, on the Cretaceous Stratigraphy of Offshore Kuwait, which has no confidentiality implications and which, it is hoped, may be of interest to the wider community.
		Consistent with its equatorial location throughout the Cretaceous, and the low-relief nature of the Arabian margin, the Cretaceous succession in Offshore Kuwait is dominated by carbonates, generally mud-supported (Figure 6).
		The Lower Cretaceous sequence of Kuwait ranges in thickness from 3,800 ft to 4,400 ft (Figure 11), becoming thicker to the north-northeast as the Mesopotamian trough is approached.
	www.pj-exploration.com /kuwait.htm (3638 words)

	The Purbeck Formation, Jurassic - Lower Cretaceous, of Southern England, UK - A Bibliography of the Geology - by Dr Ian ...
		Axsmith, B.J. The vegetative structure of a Lower Cretaceous conifer from Arkansas: further implications for morphospecies concepts in the Cheirolepidiaceae.
		Abstract: Lower Cretaceous strata are widespread in East Asia and along the western coast of North America.
		The lower unconformity is overlain at Mupe Bay by sediments of lagoonal or lacustrine origin.
	www.soton.ac.uk /~imw/Purbeck.htm (18059 words)

	CRETACEOUS -- COLORADO, WYOMING, UTAH, MONTANA References
		Furer, L., 1966, Sedimentary petrology and regional stratigraphy of the nonmarine Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous rocks of western Wyoming and southeastern Idaho: University of Wisconsin unpublished.
		Haun, J., 1959, Lower Cretaceous stratigraphy of Colorado, in Symposium on Cretaceous rocks of Colorado and adjacent areas: Rocky Mountain Assoc.
		Kauffman, E., 1983, A Geological and paleoceanographic overview of Cretaceous history in the Western Interior seaway of North America: in, E. Kauffman, ed., Depositional Environments and Paleoclimates of the Greenhorn tectonoeustatic cycle, Rock Canyon anticline, Pueblo, Colorado: GSA Penrose Conference Guidebook, p.
	www.petrodynamics.com /Resources/References/Html/RefCretRockies.html (4879 words)

	Eocene Limestones Overlying Lower Cretaceous Deposits of Western Istria (Croatia): Did Some Parts of Present Istria ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		In the region of the western Istrian anticline, erosional remains of the transgressive Eocene Foraminiferal limestones overly shallow-water deposits of Early Cretaceous age (Valanginian, Hauterivian and Barremian).
		Contrary to the traditional connection between the formation of the western Istrian anticline and the Laramian tectonic phase at the end of the Cretaceous (Maastrichtian), new investigations suggest sporadic tectonic movements (with constant tectonic coordinate orientation) from the Hauterivian to the end of the Cretaceous.
		With these movements, formation of the anticline structure began in the Early Cretaceous, with the emerged apical parts representing land areas throughout most of the Cretaceous.
	www.geologia-croatica.hr /abstract/gc-49-1-03.html (200 words)

	Harris
		The Cedar Mountain Formation records a large portion of the Early Cretaceous and at least part of it, the Ruby Ranch Member, appears to be correlative with the Trinity Group based on faunal similarities (Kirkland, 1996; Kirkland et al., 1997; Cifelli et al., 1997a).
		Cope, E.D. Remarks on the remains of a gigantic extinct dinosaur from the Cretaceous Greensand of New Jersey.
		Kirkland, J.I. and Parrish, J.M. Theropod teeth from the lower and middle Cretaceous of Utah.
	www.glue.umd.edu /~gdouglas/harris/harris.htm (2826 words)

	Cretaceous Fossils: References Jn to Jz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		B.; Surlyk, F. Brachiopods and the Stratigraphy of the Upper Campanian and Lower Maastrichtian Chalk of Norfolk, England.
		Phyllodont Tooth Plate from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas.
		JOHNSON, J. Algal Reefs in Cretaceous Austin Chalk of Terlingua District, Brewster County, Texas.
	www.cretaceousfossils.com /library/references_jn_to_jz.htm (1244 words)

	Stacking pattern of cyclic carbonate platform strata: Lower Cretaceous of southern Apennines, Italy Journal of the ...
		For these reasons microstratigraphy has become a much more powerful analytical procedure in studying the Cretaceous shallow-marine carbonate successions that crop out in the southern Apennines, allowing the interpretation of the recognized lithofacies and their relationships.
		The microstratigraphic analysis of Cretaceous outcrops previously considered to be monotonous, has revealed recurrent highfrequency environmental changes through time.
		The bedding has a N 190E strike and dips to the WNW with an inclination of about 15 in the lower part of the section, while in the upper part it has a N 230E strike and dips to the NNW, due to some minor faults, with an inclination of 15deg.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3721/is_200103/ai_n8937151 (947 words)

	Cycads: from the upper Jurassic and lower cretaceous rocks of Southeastern Utah Rocks & Minerals - Find Articles
		Cycads: from the upper Jurassic and lower cretaceous rocks of Southeastern Utah
		In the last seventy years, beautiful cycad specimens have been recovered from the Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina, and from the Jurassic and Cretaceous of southeastern Utah.
		Unfortunately, many of the cycads from either Cretaceous- or Jurassic-age rocks are heavily fractured or even shattered, and great care must be exercised when collecting and preparing them.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0GDX/is_6_80/ai_n15866140 (927 words)

	Ed Rogers Rare & Out of Print Books - Rare Paleontology Books (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		The second is a map of the "Position of the Upper and Lower Gold Mines on the South Fork of the American River.." and the third is the "Topographical Sketch of the Gold and Quicksilver of California".
		The surficial deposits were divided into lower "diluvial" deposits and upper "alluvial" deposits which were lake or river deposits.
		Cowper Reed, F. The Lower Palaezoic Trilobites of the Girvan District, Ayrshire.
	www.geology-books.com /newcatalog.html (16765 words)

	Benton
		Trace fossils from the Lower Palaeozoic ocean-floor sediments of the Southern Uplands of Scotland.
		Marine reptiles from the Upper Lias (Lower Toarcian, Lower Jurassic) of the Yorkshire coast.
		Boreopricea from the Lower Triassic of Russia, and the relationships of the prolacertiform reptiles.
	www.palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk /personnel/benton/Benton.html (5375 words)

	Cretaceous Research
		The cored Konrad 101 borehole (Cenomanian-Lower Coniacian, Lower Saxony): calibration of surface and subsurface log data for the lower Upper Cretaceous of northern Germany
		Lower Cretaceous ammonites from the Neuquen Basin, Argentina: a Hauterivian Olcostephanus fauna
		-Araucaria grandifolia Feruglio from the Lower Cretaceous of Patagonia, Argentina
	www.mta.gov.tr /yayin/cretaceous_research.htm (2545 words)

	Digimorph - Rhamphorhynchus sp. (pterosaur)
		Jones, G. & Spells, K. A theoretical and comparative study of the functional dependence of the semicircular canal upon its physical dimensions.
		Kellner, A. Description of the braincase of two Early Cretaceous pterosaurs (Pterodactyloidea) from Brazil.
		Unwin, D. M., Lü, J. & Bakhurina, N. On the systematic and stratigraphic significance of pterosaurs from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation (Jehol Group) of Liaoning, China.
	www.digimorph.org /specimens/Rhamphorhynchus_muensteri (885 words)

	Charles Lory - LoveToKnow 1911 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		He dealt with some of the disturbances in the Savoy Alps, describing the fan-like structures, and confirming the views of J. Favre with regard to the overthrows, reversals and duplication of the strata.
		His contributions to geological literature include also descriptions of the fossils and stratigraphical divisions of the Lower Cretaceous and Jurassic rocks of the Jura.
		He died at Grenoble on the 3rd of May 1889.
	11.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LO/LORY_CHARLES.htm (185 words)

	National Museum of Natural History - Paleobiology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		His main research was on the post-cranial anatomy of Cretaceous ornithopod dinosaurs.
		* Elzanowski, A. and Brett-Surman, M.K. Avian Premaxilla and Tarsometatarsus from the Uppermost Cretaceous of Montana.
		In: Lucas, Kirkland and Estep (eds.) Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science, Bulletin 14:297-302.
	www.nmnh.si.edu /paleo/collectionsstaff/surman.html (1147 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-08-31)
		ORIGINAL REFERENCES: Dean, W. and Arthur, M. Sensitivity of the North Atlantic Basin to cyclic climatic forcing during the Early Cretaceous: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, in press.
		Frank, T. D., Arthur, M. A., and Dean, W. Diagenesis of Lower Cretaceous pelagic carbonates, North Atlantic: Paleoceanographic signals obscured: Journal of Foraminiferal Research, in press.
		DESCRIPTION: Striking cyclic interbeds of laminated dark-olive to fl marlstone and bioturbated white to light-gray limestone of Neocomian (Early Cretaceous) age, the Blake-Bahama Formation, have been recovered at Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) sites in the North Atlantic.
	www1.ncdc.noaa.gov /pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/dean1999/readme_dean1999.txt (367 words)

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