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Topic: Lower Palatinate

	Palatinate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crown's overlordship.
		In the Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward of the Empire and Imperial Vicar of the western half of Germany.
		Due to the practice of division of territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior lines of the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrücken in the Lower Palatinate, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Palatinate (839 words)

	Upper Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is one of the seven administrative regionss of Bavaria, Germany, located in the east of Bavaria.
		As a result of the Elector Palatine Frederick V's abortive claim to the Bohemian throne in 1619-20, the Upper Palatinate, along with the rest of his lands, were declared forfeit to the Emperor and, along with the Electoral title, given to the Duke of Bavaria.
		Although the Lower Palatinate was restored to Frederick's son by the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, the Upper Palatinate remained under the Elector of Bavaria, and has remained a part of Bavaria ever since.
	www.ceca.de /encyclopedia/u/up/upper_palatinate.html (228 words)

	Palatinate on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Rheinpfalz or Niederpfalz), often called simply the Palatinate, is a district (c.2,100 sq mi/5,440 sq km) of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate (Ger.
		The Rhenish Palatinate extends from the left bank of the Rhine and borders in the S on France and in the W on the Saarland and Luxembourg.
		The name of the two regions came from the office known as count palatine, a title used in the Holy Roman Empire to denote the secular prince who ruled a region in the absence of the Holy Roman Emperor; the title was used in other European countries during the medieval and early modern periods.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/P/Palatina.asp (395 words)

	the palatinate : Definition from the Online Dictionary at Datasegment.com
		The Palatinate was enlarged early in the 14th Century with a part of Bavaria (the Upper Palatinate).
		The Rhine palatinate was terribly ravaged by the French in 1674 and 1689.
		This part is the present Rhine Palatinate, or Lower Palatinate (G. Rheinpfalz or Unterpfalz): it is bounded by the Rhine on the east, and borders on Hesse, Prussia, and Alsace-Lorraine.
	onlinedictionary.datasegment.com /word/the+Palatinate (370 words)

	Palatinate: Definition and links.
		That part of the old Rhenish Palatinate which lay on the Right Bank of the Rhine was annexed by Baden at the beginning of the Nineteenth century, and is now part of the state of Baden-Württemberg, including the cities of Mannheim and Heidelberg, which had been the capitals of the old electorate.
		When the senior branch of the family died out in 1559, the Electorate passed to Frederick III of Simmern, a staunch Calvinist, and the Palatinate became one of the major centers of Calvinism in Europe, supporting Calvinist rebellions in both the Netherlands and France.
		Frederick III's grandson, Frederick IV, and his adviser, Christian of Anhalt[?], founded the Evangelical Union[?] of Protestant states in 1608, and in 1619 Elector Frederick V (the son-in-law of King James I of England) accepted the throne of Bohemia from rebellious Protestant noblemen.
	www.encyclopedian.com /pa/Palatinate.html (687 words)

	Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Geographically, the Palatinate was divided between two small territorial clusters: the Rhenish, or Lower, Palatinate and the Upper Palatinate.
		The Upper Palatinate was located in northern Bavaria, on both sides of the Naab River as it flows south toward the Danube, and extended eastward to the Bohemian forest.
		In the 12th century the lands of the counts palatine of Lotharingia (Lorraine) were formed into the separate territory of the (Rhenish) Palatinate.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/Palatinate/Palatinate.html (584 words)

	Location of the Palatinate/s in the German Nations
		Palatinate is a native or inhabitant of the Palatinate, a district west of the Rhine." I guess the residents of UP & LPE no longer call themselves Pfalzers.
		Palatine is one of the 7 hills on which Rome was built.
		Palatine a native or inhabitant of the Palatinate, a district west of the Rhine." I gather from meaning #2 that a county Palatine (like Lancashire England) means a county that has the right to self government -- sovereign except in foreign matters.
	millennium.fortunecity.com /greendale/1096/Killian/palatinate.html (1337 words)

	Station Information - Palatinate
		Deriving from Durham's history as a Palatine County, the sporting colours of the University of Durham, England are known as Palatinates, the equivalent of Blues at Oxford and Cambridge.
		The student newspaper is also named Palatinate; it is published fortnightly during term time, and was judged Best Student Newspaper by the Guardian in 2001.
		The Palatinate arose as the County Palatine of the Rhine, a large feudal state lying on both banks of the Rhine, which seems to have come into existence in the 10th century.
	www.stationinformation.com /encyclopedia/p/pa/palatinate.html (701 words)

	Early Germans
		The Palatinate was originally a feudal district whose ruler, the Count Palatine, a prince of the Holy Roman Empire, exercised all prerogatives of a king.
		The first Count Palatine ruled from 945 until 996, and although the office was not hereditary it appears to have been held mainly by his descendants until the death of Count Herman III in 1155.
		In 1214, on the death of the reigning count, the Palatinate was given by the German King Frederick II to Otto, the infant son of Louis I, Duke of Bavaria.
	www.enerspace.com /early_germans.htm (2700 words)

	Clemens>Migrations>Gerhart Clemens>Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		In history the Palatinate or German Pfalz, was the land of Count Palatine, a title held by the secular Prince in the Holy Roman Empire, thus the name Palatines is associated with those who immigrated from this area.
		The upper Palatinate was located in Northern Bovaria, on both sides of the Naab River as it flows south toward the Danube and extended eastward to the Bohemian Forest.
		In New York the Palatines were expected to work for British authorities, producing the naval stores and to also act as a buffer between the French and the Natives on the Northern Frontier and the English colonies to the south and east.
	reynolds-lake.com /AncestorFamilies/Clemens/fsclemensabm4p.htm (1658 words)

	Background on the Palatinate
		The Pfalz, however, is historically identified with the Upper and Lower Palatinate, a region with an extremely complex history.
		The Palatinate was to face another assault from France near the end of the 17th Century.
		Becker, in addition to the political upheaval that residents of the Palatinate had endured for centuries, there were the additional stresses of agricultural depletion of the land and continued population expansion.
	www.siue.edu /~jandris/genealogy/html/palatinate.html (762 words)

	Palatinate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A palatinate is an area administered by a count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereignbut later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crown's overlordship.
		The Upper Palatinate (Oberpfalz) is alarger area 300 km to the east, containing the cities of Regensburg and Amberg.
		Due to the practice of division of territories among different branches of the family, by the early 16th century junior linesof the Palatine Wittelsbachs came to rule in Simmern, Kaiserslautern, and Zweibrücken in the LowerPalatinate, and in Neuburg and Sulzbach in the Upper Palatinate.
	www.therfcc.org /palatinate-48215.html (756 words)

	Palatinate
		The Rhenish Palatinate flourished in the 15th and 16th cent., and its capital, Heidelberg, was a center of the German Renaissance and Reformation.
		The Upper Palatinate and the electoral vote were taken from Frederick and transferred to Bavaria, but at the Peace of Westphalia (1648) a new vote was created for Frederick's successor, Charles Louis, and the Rhenish lands, devastated in the war, were returned to his control.
		In 1803, Maximilian ceded the palatine lands E of the Rhine to Baden, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Nassau, but in 1806 he became king of a much-enlarged Bavaria, and at the Congress of Vienna (1815) he recovered part of the Rhenish Palatinate W of the Rhine, including Speyer and other enclaves.
	www.question.com /link/Palatina.html (672 words)

	The German Palatinate
		Palatinate was divided between two small territorial clusters: the Rhenish, or Lower Palatinate,
		Frederick was driven from Bohemia and in 1623, deposed as Elector Palatine.
		It defines "Palatinate" as: the territory of a Palatine".
	hometown.aol.com /doughinkel/palatinate.html (1433 words)

	Palatinate -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		A palatinate is an area administered by a (A count who exercised royal authority in his own domains) count palatine, originally the direct representative of the sovereign but later the hereditary ruler of the territory subject to the crown's overlordship.
		More particularly, the Palatinate (German die Pfalz) usually refers to one of two areas in (A republic in central Europe; split into East German and West Germany after World War II and reunited in 1990) Germany, each formerly ruled by a count palatine.
		In the (Click link for more info and facts about Golden Bull) Golden Bull of 1356, the Palatinate was made one of the secular (The body of enfranchised citizens; those qualified to vote) electorates, and given the hereditary offices of Archsteward of the Empire and Imperial Vicar of the western half of Germany.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/P/Pa/Palatinate.htm (906 words)

	Palatine Emigration
		In order to understand who the Palatines were, why they came to America, and what helped them to persevere in the face of much adversity, it helps to understand their origins and the factors that shaped their lives.
		As a result, the Palatine people were left to the whims of sometimes-capricious leaders who did not think in terms of the development of the area, but rather in terms of reaping the fruits of peasant labor (figuratively and literally).
		In general, the Palatines were devout in their spiritual ideology and oftentimes ignored the edict to switch to the religion espoused by the current ruler and, as a result, were often persecuted.
	www.uq.net.au /hyperlinked/johnorr/PalatEmigration.htm (2757 words)

	German Genealogy: Rheinland-Pfalz/Rhineland-Palatinate, the History
		In legend, the Palatine Hill in Rome was said to be the one on whose foot the twins Romulus and Remus were deposited when they escaped the flood of the Tiber River.
		This territory, called the Rhenish or Lower Palatinate [German, Pfalz], was gathered on both sides of the Rhine River between the Main and the Neckar, with its capital at Heidelberg until the 18th century.
		After this event, the Palatinate's power grew and it became the leading state in the empire, a fact which was recognized by making its ruler an hereditary elector in 1356.
	www.genealogienetz.de /reg/RHE-PFA/rhein-p-his.html (1244 words)

	The Thirty Years War: The Palatinate and Westphalia
		In this compact, the Palatinate was placed under truce until July 1621 and the Union formally abandoned the defense of the Palatinate unless Frederick should renounce his pretensions to the Bohemian throne.
		Christian had raised an army of 10,000 in Lower Saxony, near the Bishopric of Halberstadt, of which he was secular administrator.
		Throughout the ordeal of the Lower Palatinate, Protestant and anti-Habsburg powers had been unable to unite to provide succor to Frederick’s remaining forces.
	www.pipeline.com /~cwa/Palatine_Phase.htm (1853 words)

	Page 1
		In simple terms a Palatine is an inhabitant of a German area known as Palatinate which is nestled in the hills of vineyards along the west side of the Rhine River and is presently found in what is called the Rhineland-Palatinate [Pfalz]area in the year 2000.
		In 1214 the Palatinate was given to the Wittelsbach and their lands border was west of the Rhine River to the French border which included parts of Baden and Hesse [but not Speyer] down to Saaarland, Bavaria, which took in east of Czechoslovakia by the Bohemian Forest
		In 1803 Maximillian ceded the Palatinate lands east of the Rhine River to Baden, Hesse and Nassau.
	www.remmick.org /Palatinate/Page1.html (3615 words)

	The Poor Palatines by Gene Garman
		In German history, the Palatinate included those lands which were governed by a "count palatine--a title held by a leading secular prince of the Holy Roman Empire."2 Boundaries of the Palatinate varied depending on the political powers and military successes or defeats of its rulers.
		Usually identified in terms of an "Upper" and "Lower" Palatinate, the Palatinate includes territories on both sides of the Rhine River between the Main and Neckar tributaries and on both sides of the Naab River.
		The first objective of the departing Palatine was simply to escape from the Palatinate, but the ultimate goal was to find a new life somewhere else on the earth.
	www.sunnetworks.net /~ggarman/palatine.html (4179 words)

	Rhine Palatinate
		The Rhine Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes "Lower Palatinate" or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern[?], Neustadt an der Weinstrasse[?], Pirmasens[?], Landau and Speyer.
		Ruled by counts of the Wittelsbach dynasty from 1214 until 1918 (apart from ten years of annexation to France after 1805), the state passed to the family's Bavarian line in 1815.
		The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/rh/Rhine_Palatinate.html (116 words)

	Palatinate
		It was ruled by a count palatine (a count with royal prerogatives) and varied in size.
		When the Palatinate was attached to Bavaria in 1815 it consisted of two separate parts: Rhenish (or Lower) Palatinate on the Rhine (capital Heidelberg), and Upper Palatinate (capital Amberg on the Vils) 210 km/130 mi to the east.
		In 1946 Rhenish Palatinate became an administrative division of the Land (German region) of Rhineland-Palatinate, with its capital at Neustadt; Upper Palatinate remained an administrative division of Bavaria, with its capital at Regensburg.
	www.tiscali-networks.co.uk /reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0012116.html (191 words)

	Causes of Palatine Emigration
		Perhaps THE EARLY PALATINE EMIGRATION 5 the period of heaviest frost was from the 6th to the 2.Sth of January.
		Almost one-third of the Palatines in London on June 16, 1709, were of the Catholic faith.
		Palatine or German immigrants were not particularly mentioned it appears.
	www.horseshoe.cc /pennadutch/history/european/knittle.htm (5913 words)

	Gary Anderson Genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		Palatine- The following information has been adapted from the "Palatines to America" material assembled by Ken McCrea : A "Palatine" is someone who came from the region of Germany called "The Palatinate".
		The Palatinate was one of these states, and was located along the Rhine River, roughly where the modern German state of Rhineland-Pfalz is located.
		In the 18th and early 19th century, the term "Palatine" was used in America to describe immigrants from "The Palatinate" and other adjoining German-speaking areas.
	tidepool.st.usm.edu /genealogy/glossary.html (2471 words)

	Family History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-06)
		By early April, the land was still frozen and most of the Palatines' vines had been killed by the bitter weather.
		As the people considered their future, the older ones remembered that, in 1677, William Penn had visited the area, encouraging the people to go to Pennsylvania in America, a place where a man and his family could be free of the problems they were now encountering.
		Soon enough, their minds were made up for them as France's King Louis XIV invaded their land, ravaging especially the towns in the Lower Palatinate.
	www.iig.uni-freiburg.de /~eymann/eymann/texts/short_history.htm (1472 words)

	The Palatinate (Early Coonrod Migration)
		There were 3000 Palatines on 10 ships that sailed for NY and approximately 470 died on the voyage or shortly after their arrival.
		The Duke of Marlborough was assigned by Queen Anne to transport the immigrants to England.
		Many Londoner's welcomed the Palatines, but the poor were not, as they felt their English food was being taken from them to feed the Germans.
	www.coonrod.net /palat.htm (1966 words)

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