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Topic: Lower Paleolithic

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	Paleolithic period. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		By far the most outstanding feature of the Paleolithic period was the evolution of the human species from an apelike creature, or near human, to true Homo sapiens (see human evolution).
		Lower Paleolithic stone industries of the early species of humans called Homo erectus include the Choukoutienian of China and the Clactonian, Chellean-Abbevillian, Acheulian and Levalloisian represented at various sites in Europe, Africa, and Asia, from 100,000 to 500,000 years ago.
		In the Upper Paleolithic period Neanderthal man disappears and is replaced by a variety of Homo sapiens such as Cro-Magnon man and Grimaldi man. This, the flowering of the Paleolithic period, saw an astonishing number of human cultures, such as the Aurignacian, Gravettian, Perigordian, Solutrean, and Magdalenian, rise and develop in the Old World.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/Paleolit.html (781 words)

	A TWO-FACED ANTHROPOMORPHIC LITHIC SCULPTURE OF LOWER PALEOLITHIC OF DENMARK
		In the paleolithic sculpture men with beard and men without beard are represented, and it is not credible that those without beard, that are in greater number, were all women or young men without beard.
		In the Lower Paleolithic, whose duration is of several million years, have not been found burials of the entire corpse, but only of the skulls; except during evolued Acheulean, in which they have not been found no more skulls.
		In the Lower and middle Paleolithic, a relation between the cult of the skulls and the anthropomorphic sculpture og the only head exists, that indicates that the dimension of every spiritual interest of the man was connected to the only head.
	www.paleolithicartmagazine.org /pagina49.html (4779 words)

	The Stone Age (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The northern latitudes and mountainous areas were subjected on four successive occasions to the advances and retreats of ice sheets (known as Günz, Mindel, Riss, and Würm in the Alps), river valleys and terraces were formed, the present coastlines were established, and great changes were induced in the fauna and flora of the globe.
		Throughout the Paleolithic, man was a food gatherer, depending for his subsistence on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.
		The most abundant remains of Paleolithic cultures are a variety of stone tools whose distinct characteristics provide the basis for a system of classification containing several tool making traditions or industries.
	history-world.org /stone_age.htm (2504 words)

	Paleolithic - Paleolithic Art
		Paleolithic or "Old Stone Age" is a term used to define the oldest period in the human history.
		The Lower spans the time from around 4 million years ago when the first humans appear in the archaeological record, to around 120,000 years ago when important evolutionary and technological changes ushered in the Middle Palaeolithic.
		The Upper Paleolithic (or Upper Palaeolithic) is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.
	www.huntfor.com /arthistory/prehistoric/paleolithic.htm (808 words)

	Paleolithic period — FactMonster.com
		Paleolithic period: The Middle Paleolithic Period - The Middle Paleolithic Period The Middle Paleolithic period includes the Mousterian culture, often...
		Paleolithic period: The Upper Paleolithic Period - The Upper Paleolithic Period In the Upper Paleolithic period Neanderthal man disappears and is...
		Paleolithic period: The Lower Paleolithic Period - The Lower Paleolithic Period The oldest recognizable tools made by members of the family of man are...
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/society/A0837341.html (219 words)

	An Overview of the Paleolithic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		The Middle Paleolithic comprises the Mousterian, a portion of the Levalloisian, and the Tayacian, all of which are complexes based on the production of flakes, although survivals of the old hand-ax tradition are manifest in many instances.
		The former includes finger tracings, paintings, engravings, bas-reliefs, and sculptures on the walls of caves and rock shelters; the latter is characterized by small engravings and sculptures on stone and bone found in the occupation layers.
		This final culture of the Upper Paleolithic is noted for the dominance of bone and antler tools over those of flint and stone and for the very remarkable works of art that were produced at this time.
	www.history-world.org /stone_age1.htm (2976 words)

	paleolithic period - infos
		Paleolithic Period ancient cultural stage, or level, of human development, characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools.
		Paleolithic periodp??????andamp;180;l??????el??????th'??????k, -l????????????-, p??????landamp;180;- or Old Stone Age, the earliest period of human development and the longest phase of mankind's history.
		In the Upper Paleolithic period Neanderthal man disappears and is replaced by a variety of Homo sapiens...
	www.angelfire.com /alt2/ang7/19/paleolithic-period.html (369 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Was the Emergence of Home Bases and Domestic Fire a Punctuated Event? A Review of the Middle ...
		On the other hand, it is no less important to underscore, because of their potential bearing on Paleolithic documents, a list of seven well-known emergent bio- behavioral traits that separated at a very early stage of evolution (between 6 and 4 mya) ancient hominids from extant and, probably, all other fossil primate species.
		A model of Lower Paleolithic "core area" or preferred location land use and residence systems can be discriminated from predicted refuse patterns of ancient primates.
		The exploitation of rhinoceros is a recurrent pattern throughout the Paleolithic in China (Tong and Moigne 2000), while concentrating on juvenile animals (also seen for elephants)-established as well for Central Europe (Uehm-lJlancke 1960:201-209)-suggests use of pitfalls to trap young moving ahead of the mothers.
	www.redorbit.com /news/display?id=106631 (8041 words)

	Paleolithic period - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		PALEOLITHIC PERIOD [Paleolithic period] pāand180;lēelĬth´Ĭk, -lēō-, păland180;- or Old Stone Age, the earliest period of human development and the longest phase of mankind's history.
		Paleolithic period research pioneer Serizawa dies at 86+
		The Paleolithic of Siberia: New Discoveries and Interpretations.(Review)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-paleolit.html (898 words)

	Icelicious's IMVU Blog
		Whereas Lower Paleolithic sites are few and far between, Middle Paleolithic sites are scattered all over Egypt and the Sudan, from the Nile Valley to the coast of the Red Sea to even the now-hostile Liqiya depression in the southern Libyan Desert.
		The Epipaleolithic years are largely a transition between the Paleolithic and the Predynastic time periods in ancient Egypt, a time between the hunter-gatherers of before and the appearance of the true farming of the village-dwelling cultures after 5500 BC.
		The lower part of the goat's body was veiled but expressed the mysteries the universial generation symbolized by the caduceus or the phallus.
	www.imvu.com /blogs/index.php?blog=3331?author=3329 (7491 words)

	Chapter 5:The Individuality of Portugal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Nevertheless, it cannot be doubted that the Upper Paleolithic hunters-and-artists ranged broadly across the peninsula at times, for their paintings (clearly of the same type as those of the great Cantabrian center of their art) are found in the center of the peninsula, as well as in the province of Málaga in the south.
		It is reasonable to assume that the ancient ways of the Lower Paleolithic Period were continued by a thinly spread population, except where thrusts were made into the interior by the peoples of more advanced cultures from the northern and the Mediterranean fringes.
		Techniques of the Lower Paleolithic continued there, while migrants from northern and Central Europe and from Africa were bringing Upper Paleolithic techniques into the northeast and the southeast of present Spain.
	libro.uca.edu /stanislawski/Chap5.htm (2878 words)

	Lower Paleolithic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Lower Paleolithic (or Lower Palaeolithic) is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age.
		The earliest hominids, known as australopithecines (personified by the famous find of Lucy in Ethiopia) were not advanced stone tool users and were likely to have been common prey for larger animals.
		Many Mousterian finds in the Middle Paleolithic have been knapped using a Levallois technique, suggesting that Neanderthal Man evolved from Homo erectus.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lower_Paleolithic (472 words)

	Paleolithic Diet -- Recommendations and Resources
		The Paleolithic or Palaeolithic (Greek ''paleos''=old and ''lithos''=stone or the 'Old Stone Age') was the first period in the development of human technology of the Stone Age.
		The Middle Paleolithic (or Middle Palaeolithic) is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia.
		Tokyo National Museum.]] The Japanese Paleolithic is also highly original in that in incorporates the earliest known ground stone tools and polished stone tools in the world, dated to around 30,000 BCE, a technology typically associated with the beginning of the Neolithic, around 10,000 BCE, in the rest of the world.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/114/paleolithic-diet.html (1486 words)

	Communication Media in Prehistory
		Lower Paleolithic Era - 2.5 million to 100,000 years ago - First found from this era are stone tools and flaked cobbles.
		Upper Paleolithic - 40,000 and 10,000 years ago - The Upper Paleolithic is characterized by the development of projectile points made from bony materials, the use of personal adornments and art.
		The human type that existed during the Upper Paleolithic age was the anatomically modern Cro-Magnon man or Homo sapiens sapiens.
	www.ucalgary.ca /~bakardji/Language.html/prehistory.html (613 words)

	Phenomenon of Science: Chap. 5
		The beginning of the Lower Paleolithic is dated about 700,000 years ago and the end (the late Mousterian culture) is dated about 40,000 years ago.
		In a biological sense the human being of the Lower Paleolithic was not yet the modern form.
		In the Lower Paleolithic the development of techniques for making tools (not only from stone but also from wood and other materials which have not survived until our day) proceeded parallel with the development of human physical and mental capabilities, with human evolution as a species.
	pespmc1.vub.ac.be /POS/Turchap5.html (3678 words)

	Prominent Hominid Fossils (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		This is an almost complete skull and lower jaw of a female, one of the most complete hominid skulls ever found, and the first significant fossil of a female robustus.
		OH 13, "Cindy": found in 1963, consisted of a lower jaw and teeth, bits of the upper jaw and a cranial fragment.
		The lower left arm had been broken in life, and as a result the bones of the left arm were smaller than those of the right.
	www.talkorigins.org.cob-web.org:8888 /faqs/homs/specimen.html (4885 words)

	Shahri Kandi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		A Lower Paleolithic occurrence was discovered by Rahmat Naderi in July 2005 during a short survey of terraces of the Simineh River in the Iranian Kurdistan.
		Previous surveys by S. Alipour along Mahabad River about 48 km to the northwest of Shahri Kandi in the same general region led to the discovery of several rich Lower Paleolithic occurrences which is currently under study by a joint team from the National Museum of Iran and the University of Bordeaux.
		The recent discovery indicates the potential of the Simineh rud River terraces in further research on the Lower Paleolithic occupation of the region.
	hjem.get2net.dk /paleolithic-archaeology/news/Shari_Kandi2005.htm (194 words)

	Dice Monkeys
		By far the most outstanding feature of the Paleolithic period was the evolution of the human species from an apelike creature, or near human, to true Homo sapiens.
		This development was very slow and continued through the three successive divisions of the period, the Lower, Middle, and Upper Paleolithic.
		The period in human development between the end of the Paleolithic period and the beginning of the Neolithic period.
	www.dice-monkeys.com /ia.php (1714 words)

	Zinken: [04] Lower Palaeolithic [04] Lower Paleolithic
		Their discoveries, in lake sediments laid down as long as 790,000 years ago, included tool-making debris - flint chips - that were crazed and cracked by fire, as well as charred fruits and grains, and pieces of Syrian ash and wild olive evidently used as firewood...
		In the village of Tautavel, in the South of France, one of the most ancient humans presently known in Europe was found: the Tautavel Man. Tautavel is situated in the Catalan Corbières, located between the sea and the mountains, at the bottom of the foothills of the Pyrénées, and 30 km from Perpignan.
		The fossils of lower jawbone and teeth of a primitive human species and stone tools were about two million years old, according to the professor...
	zinken.typepad.com /palaeo/04_lower_palaeolithic_04_lower_paleolithic/index.html (4176 words)

	The Individualist: Paleolithic
		Prevalent hominid species of the Lower Paleolithic were H. habilis and Homo erectus.
		The results of this study are corroborated by (1) parallel analysis of 92 bone samples, (2) the use of controls during extraction and amplification, and (3) typing by both positive and negative restriction of the linked sites that characterize each haplogroup.
		The absence of haplogroup V in the prehistoric samples analyzed conflicts with the hypothesis proposed by Torroni et al., in which haplogroup V is considered as an mtDNA marker for a major Paleolithic population expansion from southwestern Europe, occurring approximately 10,000-15,000 years before the present (YBP).
	www.dadamo.com /wiki/wiki.pl/Paleolithic (788 words)

	Egypt, 8000-2000 B.C. \| Timeline of Art History \| The Metropolitan Museum of Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		From about 90,000 to 35,000 B.C., groups of Middle Paleolithic people who settled at springs in the desert and along the river left behind more sophisticated tool kits that are dominated by blades and retouched bifaces.
		The Theban king Mentuhotep II reunites Upper and Lower Egypt, establishing the capital at Thebes and ushering in the
		A renewed flowering of the arts is evident, especially in Mentuhotep's innovative funerary temple in western Thebes, and in the exquisite painted reliefs decorating this structure and the tombs of officials in the surrounding cemeteries.
	www.metmuseum.org /toah/ht/02/afe/ht02afe.htm (1046 words)

	Paleolithic Age - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Paleolithic Age - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Pleistocene Epoch, technology, archaeology and research, art, divisions, dwellings, Paleolithic cultures
		Aging, irreversible biological changes that occur in all living things with the passage of time, eventually resulting in death.
	encarta.msn.com /encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=Paleolithic+Age&... (163 words)

	Stone Age Hand-axes (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab2.cs.virginia.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-10)
		Dated to the Lower Paleolithic, Riss glaciation, or approximately 1,000,000 to 300,000 BCE.
		Lower Paleolithic circa 300,000 - 100,000 BC or Middle Paleolithic 90,000 BC.
		Large handaxes from the Lower Paleolithic to the Middle Paleolithic.
	www.personal.psu.edu.cob-web.org:8888 /users/w/x/wxk116/axe (1276 words)

	Lower Paleolithic
		The Lower Paleolithic begins with the appearance of the first stone tools.
		At first, these are rather simple implements (flaked cobbles, for instance) that have been found in Africa associated with fossils of the oldest human species known, Homo habilis, a predecessor of Homo erectus, the first hominid to enter the Eurasian continent.
		Sites from this period are scattered all over the country, although they tend to concentrate along the valleys of the major rivers and their tributaries.
	www.ipa.min-cultura.pt /coa/en/Paleolithic/Paleo_Lower (191 words)

	PreHistory Glossary and Dictionary
		ACHEULIAN: Old World mainly Lower Paleolithic Culture dated from 1.4 million years ago to its disappearance into the Mousterian sometime after 200,000 years ago in the Middle Paleolithic.
		PALEOLITHIC: (Old Stone Age) Ancient cultural stage characterized by the use of rudimentary chipped stone tools.
		Archaeologists subdivide the Paleolithic into the (1) Lower Paleolithic (2.5 milliion - 200,000 BC) (2) Middle Paleolithic (200,000-40,000 BC) and (3) Upper Paleolithic (40,000-16,000 BC) based upon the presence or absence of certain classes of stone artifacts.
	ancientneareast.tripod.com /Dictionary.html (1734 words)

	Harvard University Press: Holon : A Lower Paleolithic Site in Israel by Michael Chazan
		This ASPR volume is the first integrated monograph on a Lower Paleolithic site to be published from the region.
		The results are synthesized to address fundamental questions of human evolution, including whether early hominins hunted or scavenged very large animals, and the nature of culture change in the Lower Paleolithic.
		The lithic analysis documents the final stage of the Lower Paleolithic before the transition to Middle Paleolithic technology.
	www.hup.harvard.edu /catalog/CHALOW.html (254 words)

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