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Topic: Lower Pomerania

	Swedish Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Pomerania became involved in the Thirty Years' War during the 1620's, and with the town of Stralsund under siege by imperial troops its ruler Bogislaus XIV, the Duke of Stettin, concluded a treaty with the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus in June 1628.
		As a consequence Pomerania would lapse into a state of anarchy, thereby forcing the Swedes to act and from 1641 the administration was led by a council ("Concilium status") from Stettin, until the peace treaty in 1648 settled rights to the province in Swedish favour.
		At the peace negotiations in Osnabrück Brandenburg received Lower Pomerania except Stettin, a strip of land east of the Oder containing the districts of Damm and Gollnow and the island of Wollin.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_Pomerania (1697 words)

	Encyclopedia: Lower Saxony
		Emsland is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany.
		Friesland is a district in Lower Saxony, Germany.
		Verden is a Kreis (district) in the centre of Lower Saxony, Germany.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Lower-Saxony (3354 words)

	Swedish Pomerania (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Pomerania became involved in the Thirty Years' War duringthe 1620's, and with the town of Stralsund under siege by imperial troops itsruler Bogislaus XIV, the Duke of Stettin, concluded a treaty with the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus in June 1628.
		As a consequence Pomerania would lapse into a state of anarchy, thereby forcing the Swedes to act and from 1641 the administration was led by a council ("Concilium status") from Stettin, until the peacetreaty in 1648 settled rights to the province in Swedish favour.
		The nobility of Pomerania was firmly established and held extensive privileges,as opposed to the other side of the spectrum which was populated by a numerous class of serfs.
	www.therfcc.org /swedish-pomerania-25554.html (1484 words)

	History of Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In 1325, the principality of Rugen fell to Pomerania.
		From 1300 until 1306 Eastern Pomerania was ruled by the Wenceslaus II of Bohemia and his son Wenceslaus III, King of Bohemia and Poland, later also disputed King of Hungary.
		All of Pomerania in the Kingdom of Prussia (1815–1870)
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Pomerania (3875 words)

	Swedish Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Her original demands were Silesia, she held most of the fortresses there, Pomerania which had been in her possession for nearly twenty years, and a war indemnity of 20,000,000 Riksdaler.
		France and Sweden, moreover, became joint guarantors of the treaty with the Holy Roman Emperor, and were entrusted with the carrying out of its provisions, which was practically effected by the executive congress of Nuremberg in 1650.
		In 1675 Pomerania and the Duchy of Bremen were overrun by the Brandenburgers, Austrians and Danes.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Swedish_Empire (3090 words)

	Lower Saxony - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		With an area of 47,618 km² and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German: Niedersachsen) [ˈniːdɐˌzakzn]) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the country's sixteen Bundesländer (federal states).
		The northwestern portion of Lower Saxony is a part of Frisia; it is called Ostfriesland (East Frisia) and lies on the coast of the North Sea.
		Originally the region was simply called Saxony, but as the center of gravity of the Duchy of Saxony gradually moved up the Elbe, towards the present-day states of Saxony-Anhalt and Saxony, the region was given the name of Lower Saxony, which it bore as an Imperial Circle Estate from the late 15th century on.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lower_Saxony (688 words)

	SWEDEN - LoveToKnow Article on SWEDEN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		On the elevated narrc of this Ia ran continent alaciers were formed, which, nrn,-eedine downwards to the lower levels, gave origin to large streams and rivers, the abundant deposits of which formed the diluvial sand and the diluvial clay.
		There are rich salmon-fisheries in the lower parts of the great northern rivers, especially the Tome, Kalix, Lule, Angerman and Indal; in the Dal, the KIar and GOta, and several of the lesser rivers of the south.
		In the year 1000, when the Norwegian king was in Pomerania, a coalition was formed between the king of Sweden, Sweyn Forkbeard, king of Denmark, and earl Eric of Lade, and the allies waylaid their enemy off the coast near Rugen and overthrew him in Reign of the great sea-battle of Svolder.
	25.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SW/SWEDEN.htm (21978 words)

	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The old Pomerania proper (Pommern), consisting of Szczecin (Stettin) and the land east of the Oder river (Hinterpommern), is now a part of Poland.
		Western Pomerania (Vorpommern) was under Swedish control from the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 until its annexation to Prussia in 1720 and 1815.
		Sixth largest in area but only thirteenth in population among Germany's sixteen states, it is bounded on the north by the Baltic Sea, in the west by Schleswig-Holstein, in the south-west by Lower Saxony, to the south by Brandenburg and to the east by Poland.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Mecklenburg-Western_Pomerania (441 words)

	Swedish Pomerania -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		These territories together with Upper Pomerania and the islands of (additional info and facts about Rügen) Rügen and (additional info and facts about Usedom) Usedom were ceded to the Swedes as a (A piece of land held under the feudal system) fief from the Emperor.
		The (A privileged class holding hereditary titles) nobility of Pomerania was firmly established and held extensive privileges, as opposed to the other side of the spectrum which was populated by a numerous class of ((Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord) serfs.
		The position of Pomerania in the Swedish Realm came to depend on the talks that were opened up between the Estates of Pomerania and the (additional info and facts about Government of Sweden) Government of Sweden.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/s/sw/swedish_pomerania.htm (1701 words)

	Lower Saxony Article, LowerSaxony Information
		Lower Saxony borders on (from north and clockwise) the North Sea, the statesof Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-WesternPomerania, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Thuringia, Hesse and North Rhine-Westphalia, and thekingdom of the Netherlands.
		The northwestern portion of Lower Saxony is a part of Frisia ; it is calledOstfriesland (Eastern Frisia) and lies on the coast of the North Sea.
		Itincludes seven islands, known as the East Frisian Islands.In the southwest of Lower Saxony is the Emsland, a sparsely populated area, once fullof inaccessible swamps.
	www.anoca.org /spd/north/lower_saxony.html (445 words)

	Swedish Pomerania - InfoSearchPoint.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		As a consequence Pomerania would lapse in to a state of anarchy, there by forcing the Swedes to act and from 1641 the administration was led by a council ("Concilium status") from Stettin, until the peace treaty in 1648 settled rights to the province in Swedish favour.
		These territories together with Upper Pomerania and the islands of Rügen and Usedom were ceded to the Sweden as a fief from the Emperor.
		King Charles XII of Sweden led the defence of Pomerania for an entire year, November 1714 to December 1 715 from the walls of Stralsund before fleeing to Lund.
	www.infosearchpoint.com /display/Swedish_Pomerania (1709 words)

	The History of the Thirty Years' War - Part III
		The Imperialists who were in possession of Upper Pomerania and Mecklenburg, either abandoned their positions, or deserted in crowds to the Swedes, to avoid the horrors of famine, the most formidable enemy in this exhausted country.
		The impatience of the Lower Saxon States to get rid of such troublesome guests, procured him so plentiful a supply of provisions, that he was provided with bread in Magdeburg itself, where famine had even overcome the natural antipathy of men to human flesh.
		He now made a movement towards the Oder, as if with the view of reinforcing himself with the garrisons of Pomerania and Silesia; but, with the rapidity of lightning, he again appeared upon the Bohemian frontier, penetrated through that kingdom, and relieved Olmutz in Moravia, which was hard pressed by the Imperialists.
	www.worldwideschool.org /library/books/hst/european/thehistoryofthethirtyyearswar/chap27.html (4622 words)

	Subnational Flags 1919-1935 (Prussia, Germany)
		Like Lower Silesia 1920-1935, but with coat of arms, consisting of a silver field with a fl Silesian eagle (with cross and crescent pattern on breast), at the center.
		Like Pomerania 1882-1935, but with Pomeranian arms (red griffin in silver field) in center.
		Like Lower Silesia 1920-1935, but with coat of arms, like above, at the center.
	flagspot.net /flags/de-pr19-.html (757 words)

	Federal Foreign Office - Facts about Germany: Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
		But the restructuring of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania's economy from a state-controlled economy to a market economy is well underway.
		It is the state's second largest city, has a charmingly renovated historic center and a castle, located on an island in Lake Schwerin and converted in the 19th century.
		Neubrandenburg (79,041 inhabitants) is a center of business, industry and culture in the east of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and boasts a completely preserved set of ring-like medieval fortifications and four town gates.
	www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de /793.0.html (339 words)

	Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania
		It has an area of 23,170 km², and 1.7 million inhabitants making it one of the states with a low population density.
		Western Pomerania (Vorpommern) was under Swedish control from the peace treaty of Westphalia in 1648 until its annexation to Prussia in 1720 and 1815.
		They were briefly combined with Vorpommern in 1947-1952 and have been part of the present state since German reunification in 1990.
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/mecklenburg_western_pomerania (460 words)

	Federal Foreign Office - Facts about Germany: Lower Saxony
		Lower Saxony is the second largest state in the Republic.
		But even if two thirds of the state's surface area is given over to agriculture, Lower Saxony cannot be classified as an agricultural state.
		There are 11 institutions of tertiary education in Lower Saxony, as well as two art academies and 13 institutes of higher education, plus 120 research establishments and technology transfer sites at all higher education institutions.
	www.tatsachen-ueber-deutschland.de /792.0.html (386 words)

	Mecklenburg-West Pomerania -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		It extends about 100 miles (160 km) along the Baltic Sea coastal plain, from the Bight of Lübeck on the west to the Darss Peninsula on the east, with a hinterland that stretches southward to the lower Elbe River in the west and beyond the sources of the Havel River in the east.
		Most of Pomerania is now part of Poland, but its westernmost section is in eastern Germany, as reflected in the name of...
		Schleswig-Holstein extends from the lower course of the Elbe River and the Land of Hamburg northward to Denmark, and thus occupies the southern half of the Jutland Peninsula.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9051712?tocId=9051712 (880 words)

	U.S.ENGLISH Foundation Official Language Research - Poland: General Information
		Originally they used to inhabit mostly rural areas in eastern Pomerania, but recently a group of Kashubian intelligentsia has created a local lobby-group in Gdansk in order to promote their language and culture.
		The status of Slovak in the area is generally lower than that of Polish.
		As a result of 1944-47 deportations from their ethnic territories in eastern and southeastern Poland, at present they inhabit mainly the provinces of Lower Silesia, Pomerania, and Varmia-Masuria, as well as the urban centers (Warsaw, Cracow, Legnica, Przemysl).
	www.us-english.org /foundation/research/olp/viewGeneral.asp?CID=39 (1288 words)

	The Goettingen SUB Today - Goettingen State and University Library
		The SUB is the state library for Lower Saxony, the central library for the University of Goettingen, and the library of the Goettingen "Akademie der Wissenschaften" (academy of sciences and humanities).
		Lower Saxony central catalogue ("Niedersaechsischer Zentralkatalog": NZK) and is the logistic center for the German inter-library loan
		In 2002, the office of the Lower Saxony Consortium was established at the SUB.
	www.sub.uni-goettingen.de /ebene_1/1_sub_heute.html.en (1792 words)

	sehepunkte - Rezensionsjournal für die Geschichtswissenschaften - 4 (2004), Nr. 11
		The remainder - Mecklenburg, Schleswig-Holstein, and Swedish Pomerania, Lower Saxony, Electoral Saxony, Lower Austria, and Franconia - include areas of "Grundherrschaft" alongside both strong and weak varieties of "Gutsherrschaft".
		Ivo Asmus reveals how serfs in seventeenth-century Swedish Pomerania regarded the decision of the lord as so important for their well-being that they were willing to invest considerable resources in petitioning him directly, over the heads of the manorial officials.
		Karl Schneider demonstrates that even during the nineteenth-century agrarian reforms in Lower Saxony, manorial officials still had sufficient power to block enclosures desired by the peasants because such reforms would have damaged the officials' own profits from their legal privileges over sheep-herding.
	www.sehepunkte.historicum.net /2004/11/4589.html (1298 words)

	Warsaw Voice - Convoy
		Włodzimierz Furyk caught several members of the SS near Zgorzelec in Lower Silesia.
		During interrogation, the men were revealed to be security guards for a convoy comprising three trucks which had been abandoned in a mined forest clearing.
		The author is a student of the Law and Administration Department of Warsaw University, and for several years has been carrying out research in an attempt to explain the mystery of underground military facilities in Lower Silesia.
	www.warsawvoice.pl /view/8204 (1327 words)

	Brandenburg - Biocrawler definition:Brandenburg - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Brandenburg is bordered by Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the north, Poland in the east, Saxony in the south, Saxony-Anhalt in the west and Lower Saxony in the northwest.
		Brandenburg was one of the German states to switch 1539 to Protestantism in the wake of the Reformation, and generally did quite well in the century following, as the dynasty expanded its lands to include the Duchy of Prussia in 1618 and along the lower Rhine Duchy of Cleves (1614) and elsewhere.
		The result was a sprawling, disconnected country that was in poor shape to defend itself during the Thirty Years' War.
	www.biocrawler.com /biowiki/Brandenburg (1124 words)

	PageP.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		In 1720 the second half of the eastern part was acquired by Prussian and in 1815 the Swedish territory fell to Prussia.
		Pomerania's west half, however, became part of Mecklenburg.....Dissolved in 1952...
		He secured the eastern half of Pomerania, the bishoprics of Holberstadt and Minden and the reversion of the diocese Magdenburg.
	www.remmick.org /Remmick.German.Facts/PageP.html (2522 words)

	German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation \| Project Support
		By virtue of its respite from use and its inaccessibility over a number of decades, the area of the former internal German border has successfully developed into a contiguous belt including some valuable habitats, which today is known as the 'Grünes Band' (green belt).
		It stretches from the Baltic coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania to the three-way intersection of Saxony - Bavaria - Czech Republic.
		It passes through a total of 9 of Germany's states (Schleswig-Holstein, Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Lower Saxony, Brandenburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Hesse, Bavaria, Thuringia and Saxony).
	www.bfn.de /en/02/020201_gruenesband.htm (506 words)

	Country: MECKLENBURG-WESTERN POMERANIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania is a vacation land of superlatives.
		Here you can find nature in abundance, the cleanest air and sophisticated cultural exhibitions, picturesque cliff coastlines, such as the "Chalk cliffs on the Isle of Rügen", walks along beautiful beaches of finest sand.
		Gothic brick buildings are a distinctive characteristic of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
	www.germany-tourism.de /e/dest_states_mv_e.html (823 words)

	Geography, History
		The first recorded history of Pomerania is in 970's with the conquering by Piast King Mieszko I, when he took control of what became the Pomeranian capitol Szczecin (Stettin).
		This weakened Pomeranias ties with Catholic Poland who was more preoccupied with its' eastern borders, than the provinces in the west.
		In the minds of many poor and lower class Germans the fixed class structure was directly linked to their unbreakable cycle of poverty.
	research.umbc.edu /~lmoren/ALMA/GEOHIS.HTM (3240 words)

	Thirty Years War, The (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-29)
		He reached Pomerania without loss, and prepared to share with Wrangel the defence of that province.
		To prevent the Elector of Brandenburg from making good the title to that duchy, which the treaty of Prague had given him, Sweden exerted her utmost energies, and supported its generals to the extent of her ability, both with troops and money.
		In other quarters of the kingdom, the affairs of the Swedes began to wear a more favourable aspect, and to recover from the humiliation into which they had been thrown by the inaction of France, and the desertion of their allies.
	www.manybooks.net /pages/schilleretext041jcfs10a/374.html (344 words)

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