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Topic: Lower Tanana

	Tanacross - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To the east is the language known by the geographic term Upper Tanana, spoken in the villages of Tetlin, Northway, Scottie Creek, Beaver Creek, and (formerly) Chisana.
		Tanacross and Upper Tanana share a high degree of mutual intelligibility, though the tonal patterns (with the exception of the Tetlin dialect, which is apparently toneless) are reversed.
		The is certainly true for the languages of the Tanana River drainages, which form a continuum extending from Lower Tanana in the west (downriver) to Upper Tanana in the east (upriver).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Tanacross (3048 words)

	Alaska Native Languages -- Tanana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tanana Athabascan is now spoken only at Nenana and Minto on the Tanana River below Fairbanks.
		The Athabascan population of those two villages is about 380, of whom about 30, the youngest approaching age 60, speak the language.
		Recent publications in the language include the 1992 edition of stories told by Teddy Charlie as recorded by Krauss in 1961, and a preliminary dictionary compiled by Kari in 1994.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/langs/tn.html (89 words)

	GeoNative - Gwich'in / Ahtna / Koyukon / Tanana / Dena'ina
		The Tanana live around the river of the same name, in Central and East Central Alaska.
		There may be some 100 speakers of Lower Tanana in a population of 400; and other 200 speakers of Tanacross and Nabesna combined, out of a group of 500.
		Tanana herria bizi da izen bereko ibaiaren ibarrean, Alaskako erdialde eta ekialdean.
	www.geocities.com /Athens/9479/gwichin.html (614 words)

	[No title]
		They migrated to Oklahoma with the rest of the Lower Creeks, and maintained their separateness in that country for a while but were later absorbed in the general mass of the Creek population.
		Yukonikhotana, the drainage of Yukon River south of the mouth of the Tanana to the mouth of the Koyukuk.
		In 1538 the most important Russian settlement on the lower Yukon was made at Nulato, and this was the center of one of the very few native uprisings.
	americanindian.net /StatesAB.html (17059 words)

	Arctic: Distribution and population status of bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) in interior Alaska (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		LOWER YUKON (~190 000 km"Symbol not transcribed"): Yukon River west of Rampart to approximately Holy Cross; includes the Koyukuk River and extensive wetlands associated with the Nowitna and Innoko Rivers;
		Chronology data are lacking for most regions in interior Alaska, but results of three years of bird migration studies in the upper Tanana River Basin showed peak arrival of bald eagles occurs in late April and peak departure after mid-September (Cooper et al., 1991).
		Along the Tanana River, chronology appears to be influenced primarily by prey availability.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3712/is_199606/ai_n8750451 (1401 words)

	Alaska - Sons Of The Midnight Sun
		Bean, wife of the first fur trader on the lower Tanana, was cruelly killed and her death went unavenged for many years.
		For the Tanana silts up its two-mile-wide mouth so constantly, the bars are most uncertain and a channel must be hunted every trip to find a way through.
		The Tanana carries vast quantities of water down from the snow-peaks to the southward, but for the most part it is so wide a stream that its channels are not deep, even for these river boats which draw but four or five feet.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles13/alaska-9.shtml (3172 words)

	Tanana Language (Upper Tanana, Lower Tanana, Minto)
		There are actually two Tanana languages, Lower Tanana (also called Minto) and Upper Tanana (also called Nabesna).
		Tanana is the name of a long river in Alaska, and the Lower Tanana people live at one end of it, the Upper Tanana people at the other.
		Upper Tanana is spoken by about 100 people today, and Lower Tanana by 30.
	www.native-languages.org /tanana.htm (235 words)

	Alaska Rivers
		The upper river is formed by several smaller rivers (forks) and the lower river is slower and deeper moving.
		Most of the water in the Tanana River is silty (light brown with sediment) from glaciers feeding the water.
		The river levels are influenced by the glacial melt in the nearby mountains.
	www.northstar.k12.ak.us /schools/awe/noyes/rivers.html (551 words)

	Tanana (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		--- A presentation of the sound system and the new orthography of Lower Tanana, accompanied by an audio tape with key words by Isabel Charlie and conversational practice by Peter John.
		Text in Lower Tanana Athabaskan with English translations.
		Originally published in 1979, this revised edition uses the new Lower Tanana writing system.--- Order from ANLC at the address above.
	wings.buffalo.edu /linguistics/ssila/learning/tanana.htm (140 words)

	National Park Service: Fauna3 (Birds)
		HABITS.—This is a bird of the lower lands in the Tanana Valley, and while we did not actually see any birds of the species within the park, they might easily occur there.
		We examined study skins which, together with the reports from reliable men, indicate that this species of grouse occurs sparingly over all of the lower Tanana and Nenana River valleys.
		This species is believed to be a regular summer resident along the lower northern boundary of Mount McKinley National Park.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/fauna3/fauna9z.htm (1115 words)

	Planning & Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Minto band of Lower Tanana Athabascan Indians occupied the Tolovana and Chatanika River drainages.
		While other Lower Tanana bands centralized around trading stations and settlements such as Nenana, the Minto band remained relatively removed from the effects of the gold rush.
		The percentage of the workforce that is unemployed is significantly higher across most of the Denali-area communities than the state as a whole, perhaps because of the seasonality of work (note that Healy has less unemployment than the state, along with an economy more closely related to coal mining than to tourism).
	www.nps.gov /dena/home/planning/plans/bcplan/chapter3c.html (8514 words)

	Inside Alaska
		Fairbanks lies in the Tanana River Drainage and is part of ADFandG’s Lower Tanana River Drainage Management Area, one of the Interior’s five management areas.
		The Tanana River is a 570-mile-long glacial-fed stream with its headwaters at the confluence of the Chisana and Nabesna Rivers near Tok and the Alaskan border with Canada.
		Seven major tributaries of the lower Kuskokwim—the Aniak, Kisaralik, Kwethluk, Eek, Kanektok, Arolik and Goodnews rivers—are diverse enough to satisfy the anticipation of a seasoned floater and calm the questions of the novice.
	www.fishalaskamagazine.com /archives/11_02insidealaska.htm (3588 words)

	Denali NP: Historic Resource Study (Chapter 3) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		[3] This route, down the Tanana and up the Kantishna to head of navigation, would be perfected with boat landings, trails, and supply points during the Kantishna gold rush of 1905, which was inspired by the Wickersham party's staking of placer claims.
		Having off-loaded from their steamer, Tanana Chief, the men progressed with mules, backpacks, and a poling boat, Mudlark, which they had found and reconditioned near the mouth of the Kantishna.
		The little peak stands in the forefront of the mountain mass, the descent to the valley is abrupt; the Toclat spreads out at its base on the eastern slope, and is in view from the mountains in the south to its confluence with the Kantishna.
	www.nps.gov /dena/home/hrs/hrs3.htm (4183 words)

	Athabaskan languages - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Below is a list of all of the Athabaskan languages and their geographic locations.
		Alaska: Ahtna, Deg Hit’an, Dena’ina, Gwich’in, Hän, Holikachuk, Koyukon, Lower Tanana, Tanacross, Tsetsaut, Upper Kushokwin, Upper Tanana
		Yukon Territory: Gwich'in, Hän, Kaska, Mountain (Slavey), Tagish, Tutchone, Upper Tanana
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Athabaskan (1059 words)

	Tygo Search - Tanana
		Harper and his party explored and prospected in the Tanana region of Alaska, and later spent years in the Yukon with disappointing results.
		and 11,660 B.P. The earliest firm evidence of human occupation is in the Tanana Valley in Alaska.
		One sees the influence fading in the three dialects of the Tanana language as one ascends the Tanana River, from 45 to 35 to 25 such loans, with f
	www.tygo.com /search?s=Tanana&pg=6 (349 words)

	AlaskaJourney.com / Paul Otteson / Alaska: Adventures in Nature / Alaska Travel
		By most accounts, it is a substantial improvement over the reservation system in the lower 48.
		Gold was discovered again on a beach on the Seward Peninsula in 1899, ushering in Nome as a new boom town and chief city of the Bering coast.
		In 1902 it appeared yet again, this time in the rivers that fed the Tanana and Yukon near Fairbanks and to the north.
	www.alaskajourney.com /over.html (3329 words)

	State of the Salmon North Pacific Rim Salmon Dataset Inventory (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Collect DNA base-line data from several lower Columbia River chinook stocks.
		EMAP of Oregon Populations of Lower Columbia Coho Salmon
		WDFW District 4 surveys for presence and abundance of anandromous and resident fish species in tributaries and irrigation wasteways of the Mid-Columbia, Lower Snake, and Yakima Rivers
	www.stateofthesalmon.org /tracking/mtobrowse.asp (1021 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Developing a Research and Restoration Plan for Arctic-Yukon-Kuskokwim (Western Alaska) Salmon ...
		2000): in 1964 (June/July, due to melt of large snow pack), in 1967 (12-18 August, in the middle and lower Tanana River basin with a magnitude estimated to be twice the 100-year flood discharge), and in 1994 (15-27 August, in the upper Koyukuk River basin).
		For this reason, the committee urges that the AYK SSI’s main focus, at least initially, be on funding, conducting, and coordinating research and analyses that can help to better identify the role of major factors affecting salmon abundance in the AYK region and on partitioning their effects into the marine and freshwater environments.
		From the lower Yukon to the Alaska/Canada border, they have documented the use of salmon for dog and human food and identified current usage patterns as well as traditional and changing harvest methods.
	www.nap.edu /openbook.php?record_id=11080&page=38 (7781 words)

	Sharing Our Pathways Volume 7, Issue 1
		Inuksuk: Northern Koyukon, Gwich’in and Lower Tanana, 1800—1901
		Inuksuk is an ethnohistory of the Northern Koyukon, Gwich’in and Lower Tanana Indians of Interior Alaska between 1800 and 1901.
		It is a detailed and fascinating account of pre-contact and post-contact Interior group dynamics that could only be gathered with the aide of the oral tradition of the numerous Iñupiat accounts, Gwich’in, Koyukon and Lower Tanana informants and the author’s intimate knowledge of her culture.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /sop/SOPv7i1.html (8445 words)

	Mammoth Trumpet 10(4) 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		A multidisciplinary team headed by David R. Yesner, anthropologist at University of Alaska Anchorage and Charles E. Holmes, of Alaska's Office of History and Archaeology, conducted extensive excavations there from 1990 to 1993, and they are continuing their analysis.
		Broken Mammoth and two nearby Tanana lowland sites, Mead and Swan Point, were particularly valuable repositories of information on the past because of the nature of the soil--two meters deep, conducive to preserving bone, and undisturbed by permafrost, which would have confused the stratigraphy.
		The modern river channel now is about 10 meters lower in elevation and almost a mile away.
	www.peak.org /csfa/mt10-4.html (9890 words)

	CR_FWA
		At the time of Euro-American contact, the portion of the Tanana River valley now occupied by Army training lands was occupied by bands of Lower-Middle Tanana Athabascans.
		In 1903 the town of Fairbanks was established as a result of a gold rush to the Tanana Valley.
		Agriculture also gained a foothold in the Tanana Valley, and by the 1920s, the Alaska Railroad and commercial aviation were expanding transportation in the Interior.
	www.usarak.army.mil /conservation/CR_fwa.htm (625 words)

	[No title]
		Gill nets vs fish wheels: There was no significant difference in infection prevalence between fish caught by gillnet at Emmonak and those caught with fish wheels at river mile 569 (mouth of Tanana River) and river mile 730 (Rampart Rapids) in 2002, confirming that gear type did not bias infection prevalence data (Table 4).
		Size vs infection prevalence: No difference in infection prevalence relative to weight was observed when 589 adult chinook from the lower and middle Yukon River (rm 24—730) were divided into five weight groups ranging from 1 lb to >26 lb and compared for infection prevalence.
		Mean infection and clinical disease prevalence in Tanana River fish from 2001-2002.
	www.fish.washington.edu /people/kocan/ichthyophonus_final/ichthyophonus_final.doc (1952 words)

	Alaska Administrative Journal, Issue 46, November 17, 1997
		The Tanana Valley State Forest Citizens' Advisory Committee will hold their next regular meeting in Fairbanks at the DNR Regional Office Building, beginning at 6:30pm, November 19, 1997.
		The State Forester is requesting applications for the Regional Representative - Lower Tanana Valley position on the Citizens' Advisory Committee for the Tanana Valley State Forest.
		Specifically, the Regional Representative for the Lower Tanana Valley represents the public on a regional basis.
	www.gov.state.ak.us /ltgov/aj/aj111797.html (10303 words)

	The Rosetta Project: the 1000 language archive (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Tanana, Lower texts are available in the categories below.
		The numbers in parenthesis indicate how many versions of each text type are currently in the archive.
		Send a message to a language specialist or native speaker who might be able to review or contribute materials.
	www.rosettaproject.org:8080 /live/search/detailedlanguagerecord?ethnocode=TAA (100 words)

	Sharing Our Pathways Volume 6, Issue 4
		On July 9, 2001, 15 middle-school students arrived at the Gaalee’ya Spirit Camp on the Tanana River to attend the Fairbanks ANSES Science Camp 2001.
		The regional non-profits (Kawerak, AVCP, Tanana Chiefs and Central Council of Tlingit and Haida tribes) are well on their way toward becoming educational agents for positive change in their respective cultural regions.
		The main function of the AKRSI Teacher Leadership Development Project will be to strengthen and make sustainable the role of the Native Educator Associations and their members in implementing the math/science educational reform initiatives promoted by the AKRSI.
	www.ankn.uaf.edu /sop/SOPv6i4.html (9174 words)

	UW Press: Search Books in Print (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		This robust and engaging travel narrative re-creates a remarkable adventure in the summer of 1935, when Frederica de Laguna, then in her late 20s, led a party of three other scientists down the rivers of the middle and lower Yukon valley, making a geological and archaeological reconnaissance.
		De Laguna has based her story on her field notes, journals, and letters home.
		- Athabaskans of the Middle and Lower Yukon Valley
	www.washington.edu /uwpress/search/books/DELTRA.html (259 words)

	Canku Ota - Novermber 17, 2001 - Native Language Program Nets Grant
		The program focused on four of the 11 Athabaskan languages spoken -- but fading -- within the state: Gwich'in, Koyukon Upper Kuskokwim, Deg Xinag, and Lower Tanana.
		Last week, the university announced the receipt of another $1 million, five-year grant from the federal education agency.
		Established in 1972 by state legislation as a center for documentation and cultivation of the state's 20 Native languages.
	www.turtletrack.org /Issues01/Co11172001/CO_11172001_Language_Grant.htm (600 words)

	Dr. Siri Tuttle
		PhD: (1998) Metrical and Tonal Structures in Tanana Athabaskan.
		Place names research in Salcha (Middle Tanana Athabaskan) territory, for survey of Eielson Air Force Base.
		(1996) (With Ellen Kaisse) Tonal Variation in Minto (Lower Tanana) Athabaskan.
	angli02.kgw.tu-berlin.de /staff/Tuttle/cv.html (701 words)

	Alaska Native Language Center Publications -- (907) 474-7874
		Bilingual Education Center, Lower Kuskokwim School District, Box 305, Bethel, AK 99559.
		Materials for Central Yup'ik bilingual education, mostly primary level, and teachers’ aids.
		Yukon Native Language Center, publishes language materials for Han, Tanacross, Lower Tanana, Upper Tanana.
	www.uaf.edu /anlc/publications.html (304 words)

	Anchorage Forecast Office Public Forecasts
		221: Western Tanana Valley and Yukon Valley Rampart to Lower Nowitna River
		HIGHS IN THE MID 20S TO LOWER 30S.
		HIGHS IN THE MID 30S TO LOWER 40S.
	pafc.arh.noaa.gov /pubfcst.php?fcst=FPAK51PAFC (1245 words)

	On the Edge
		Ninety percent of teachers in Bush schools are non-Native, most of them from the Lower 48.
		Tanana Chiefs Conference won a federal grant this year to plan language revival programs in 20 Athabaskan villages.
		Western culture still has a place in Bush schools, says Will Mayo, president of the Native-run Tanana Chiefs Conference.
	pec.jun.alaska.edu /ALST/pages/Edge/part2.html (3496 words)

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