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Topic: Lower respiratory tract infection

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	Postgraduate Medicine: RSV infection in infants and young children
		Important risk factors for severe lower respiratory tract infections include gestational age under 36 weeks or chronological age under 2 months, congenital heart disease, chronic lung disease (eg, bronchopulmonary dysplasia or cystic fibrosis), immunodeficiency (from organ transplant or HIV infection), and low socioeconomic status.
		Infants with RSV infection may be given antibiotic therapy because of their young age, the severity of their illness, or the difficulty of clinically differentiating RSV pneumonia from bacterial pneumonia.
		Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immune globulin intravenous therapy for RSV lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children at high risk for severe RSV infections.
	www.postgradmed.com /issues/1999/12_99/baker.htm (3952 words)

	Respiratory Tract (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Bacterial infection of the upper and lower respiratory tract is predominantly caused by species of bacteria that are normally found in the upper respiratory tract.
		In effect infection of the lower respiratory tract (LRT) in most cases reflects a failure of the mechanisms to keep the upper respiratory tract bacteria in the upper respiratory tract.
		Inflammation of the medium sized airways of the lower respiratory tract is another very common cause of attendance at GP clinics and of admission to hospital in the winter season.
	www.nuigalway.ie /bac/resp.htm (4276 words)

	Lower respiratory tract infection: Always-Health.com
		Lower respiratory tract infection comprises an array of diseases (ranging from bronchitis to pneumonia, its asperity can sway from non-pneumonic LRTI to pneumonia or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
		Non-pneumonic LRTI is described as lower respiratory tract symptoms in a patient who has no history of these or any other chest signs related with infection, by all of the major respiratory viral groups.
		Infection is only one cause of abnormal chest X-ray and/or poor respiratory function in an otherwise severely ill patient.
	www.always-health.com /Lowerrespiratorytractinfection.html (875 words)

	VM 261 Everman Lecture 6 Infectious Organisms Continued (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The respiratory tract can be divided into the upper and lower tracts called: the upper respiratory tract which includes the trachea to the point it branches to bronchi.
		Upper respiratory infections may damage the cilia of the airways and allow the infection to descend into the lower respiratory tract.
		Bovine mammilltis is an infection of the teats, occurring primarily in diary cattle.
	www.vetmed.wsu.edu /courses_vm261/evermann/evermann_lec6.htm (2459 words)

	Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infections : Etiology and Treatment -- Guthrie 120 (6): 2021 -- Chest
		Incidence of Bacterial Pathogens in Community-Acquired Lower Respiratory Tract Infection
		The diagnosis of chlamydial lower respiratory tract infection
		tract infection is of necessity empiric for the aforementioned
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/120/6/2021 (6905 words)

	Coronavirus HKU1 Infection in the United States \| CDC EID
		Whether this newly recognized pathogen is responsible for a substantial proportion of respiratory tract disease in children remains to be determined.
		Frequent detection of human coronaviruses in clinical specimens from patients with respiratory tract infection by use of a novel real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.
		Evidence of a novel human coronavirus that is associated with respiratory tract disease in infants and young children.
	www.cdc.gov /ncidod/EID/vol12no05/05-1316.htm (2981 words)

	eMedicine - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection : Article by Leonard R Krilov, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection, which manifests primarily as bronchiolitis and/or viral pneumonia, is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infection in infants and young children.
		Generally, these findings are neither specific to RSV infection nor predictive of the course or outcome, except for the observation that infants who have the additional findings of atelectasis and/or pneumonia may have a more severe course with their illness.
		Several small studies have suggested that infants who are hospitalized with RSV infection and treated with ribavirin have better pulmonary function on follow-up than children who do not receive such therapy.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/topic2706.htm (4385 words)

	Lower respiratory tract infection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Further information might be found in a section of the talk page or at Requests for expansion.
		While often used as a synonym for pneumonia, the rubric of lower respiratory tract infection can also be applied to other types of infection including lung abscess, acute bronchitis, and empyema.
		Commonly known as the most prolific cause of death amongst all infectious diseases, with 3.9 million people killed in 2002 - accountable for 6.8% of worldwide human deaths for that year.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lower_respiratory_tract_infection (138 words)

	Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection: Immune Response, Immunopathogenesis, and Treatment -- Domachowske and Rosenberg ...
		Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants: quantitation and duration of shedding.
		Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) SH and G proteins are not essential for viral replication in vitro: clinical evaluation and molecular characterization of a cold-passaged, attenuated RSV subgroup B mutant.
		The immunologic response to infection with respiratory syncytial virus in infants.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/12/2/298 (7444 words)

	Ribavirin for respiratory syncytial virus infection of the lower respiratory tract in infants and young children
		Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants.
		Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and is responsible for 100,000 hospitalizations annually.
		In three trials with 116 patients the probability of respiratory deterioration with ribavirin was 7.1% compared with 18.3% with placebo (OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.12 to 1.18).
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab000181.html (614 words)

	Bacterial Infection and the Pathogenesis of COPD -- Sethi 117 (5 Supplement 1): 286 -- Chest
		of the lower respiratory tract by bacterial pathogens induces
		to its pathogenesis by causing a chronic infection of the lower
		the incidence of lower respiratory tract infection (bronchitis,
	www.chestjournal.org /cgi/content/full/117/5_suppl_1/286S (3302 words)

	Viral lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children -- van Woensel et al. 327 (7405): 36 -- BMJ
		in the pathophysiology of viral lower respiratory tract infection,
		Respiratory syncytial virus vaccine: a systematic overview with emphasis on respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines.
		Respiratory syncytial virus infection in high risk infants and the potential impact of prophylaxis in a United Kingdom cohort.
	www.bmj.com /cgi/content/full/327/7405/36 (3003 words)

	Antibiotics appear to have little benefit for uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections
		Patients with uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis, who were given antibiotics had little difference in symptom relief compared to patients who did not receive antibiotics, according to a study in the June 22/29 issue of JAMA.
		Acute lower respiratory tract illness is the most common condition treated in primary care, according to background information in the article.
		Compared with the immediate antibiotic group, slightly fewer patients in the delayed and control groups used antibiotics (96 percent, 20 percent, and 16 percent, respectively), fewer patients were "very satisfied" (86 percent, 77 percent, and 72 percent, respectively), and fewer patients believed in the effectiveness of antibiotics (75 percent, 40 percent, and 47 percent, respectively).
	www.pharma-lexicon.com /medicalnews.php?newsid=26440 (1127 words)

	eMedicine - Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection : Article Excerpt by: Leonard R Krilov, MD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Pathophysiology: RSV infection is limited to the respiratory tract.
		Spread of the virus down the respiratory tract occurs by cell-to-cell transfer of the virus along intracytoplasmic bridges (syncytia) from the URT to the LRT.
		RSV URT infection is more severe than the common cold, as evidenced by the 7- to 10-day duration of illness and by the finding in one study of adults with RSV that the mean absence from work is 6 days.
	www.emedicine.com /ped/byname/respiratory-syncytial-virus-infection.htm (553 words)

	Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children - Patient UK
		Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Children - Patient UK PatientPlus articles are written for doctors and so the language can be technical.
		Primary bacterial infection with a range of organisms occurs.Current debate about true primary and secondary infection, where there is concomitant viral and bacterial illness, is unlikely to be resolved.
		However, it can be difficult to distinguish between viral and bacterial infection and young children can deteriorate rapidly, so consider antibiotic therapy depending on presentation, and likelihood of bacterial aetiology.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc/40024569 (975 words)

	Azithromycin for acute lower respiratory tract infections
		The spectrum of acute lower respiratory tract infection ranges from acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis to pneumonia.
		All types of acute lower respiratory tract infections were initially pooled in the meta-analyses.
		Subgroup analysis was conducted for age, types of respiratory tract infection and types of antibiotic in control groups.
	www.cochrane.org /reviews/en/ab001954.html (619 words)

	Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI) - Patient UK
		Most respiratory infections are caused by viral infections, and usually soon go.
		Infections of the throat (larynx), or the main airway (trachea), or the airways going into the lungs (bronchi) are common.
		This is because inflammation in the airways caused by the infection can take a while to settle.
	www.patient.co.uk /showdoc.asp?doc=23068999 (622 words)

	Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Affected by Pneumolysin Deficiency and ...
		Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Affected by Pneumolysin Deficiency and Differences in Capsule Type -- Kadioglu et al.
		Upper and Lower Respiratory Tract Infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae Is Affected by Pneumolysin Deficiency and Differences in Capsule Type
		the capacity of pneumococci to infect the upper and lower respiratory
	iai.asm.org /cgi/content/abstract/70/6/2886 (644 words)

	Seasonality of long term wheezing following respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection -- Bont et ...
		Severity of symptoms and presence or absence of respiratory distress were not analysed.
		Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13.
		Respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis in infancy is an important risk factor for asthma and allergy at age 7.
	thorax.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/59/6/512 (2882 words)

	Treatment and Prevention of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Lower Respiratory Tract Infection . Long-Term Effects on ...
		RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) cause long-term pulmonary
		Respiratory syncytial virus in early life and risk of wheeze and allergy by age 13 years.
		Long term follow-up of children hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection and randomly treated with ribavirin or placebo.
	ajrccm.atsjournals.org /cgi/content/full/163/3/S1/S14 (2891 words)

	Bacterial Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in 2000: a State-of-the-Art Review -- Sethi and Murphy 14 ...
		of the lower respiratory tract by bacterial pathogens amplifies
		lower respiratory tract is characteristic of chronic bronchitis,
		tract is critical for survival of the bacterium.
	cmr.asm.org /cgi/content/full/14/2/336 (8438 words)

	No antibiotics necessary for lower respiratory tract infection American Family Physician - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Synopsis: Investigators enrolled 807 adults and children who presented to their primary care physician with cough and at least one other symptom referable to the lower respiratory tract (e.g., colored sputum, chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing).
		Bottom Line: After patients with chronic lung disease or clinically suspected pneumonia are excluded, antibiotics provide little or no benefit for patients with cough and lower respiratory tract symptoms, including patients who have fever and green sputum.
		Information leaflet and antibiotic prescribing strategies for acute lower respiratory tract infection: a randomized controlled trial.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m3225/is_7_72/ai_n15798293 (608 words)

	Acupuncture for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Tried and True Method for Curtailing Re-infection in Children - ...
		RSV causes respiratory symptoms from allergy and earache to pneumonia and bronchiolitis.
		In traditional Chinese medicine children are seen as especially vulnerable to respiratory infection because their organ systems are not yet fully developed.
		Research is accumulating to confirm the success of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of respiratory infection.
	www.pacificcollege.edu /news/press_releases/2005/03-24-2005.html (336 words)

	Laboratory Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Controversy and Conundrums -- Carroll 40 (9): 3115 -- ...
		Laboratory Diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: Controversy and Conundrums
		In summary, lower respiratory tract infections are among the
		Role of the microbiology laboratory in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections.
	jcm.asm.org /cgi/content/full/40/9/3115 (2989 words)

	Antibiotics: Minimal benefit in lower respiratory tract infections (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Antibiotics prescribed for acute uncomplicated respiratory tract infections make little difference in clinical outcomes, according to a research study in the June 22/29 issue of JAMA.
		About 55% of antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory infections such as pharyngitis and acute bronchitis are believed to be inappropriate, but they cost some $726 million per year in the United States and contribute to bacterial resistance to antibiotics.
		The 807 patients in the trial—all of whom presented to a primary care setting and had acute uncomplicated lower respiratory tract infection—were assigned to 1 of 3 antibiotic groups: no offer of antibiotics, delayed antibiotic prescription, and immediate antibiotics prescribed.
	www.pharmacist.com /articles/h_ts_0830.cfm (486 words)

	Antibiotics Don't Shorten Cough Duration in Lower Respiratory Tract Infections - CME Teaching Brief® - MedPage ...
		The results of this study point out, again, that antibiotics have no role in the treatment of uncomplicated acute lower respiratory tract infection.
		These were the conclusions derived from a randomized controlled trial that compared three antibiotic strategies -- immediate, delayed offer of antibiotics, and no antibiotics -- as well as the value of educational materials about lower respiratory tract infection.
		The study also found that educating patients about lower respiratory tract infection had no effect on outcome or on patient satisfaction.
	www.medpagetoday.com /tbindex.cfm?tbid=1222 (1318 words)

	Antibiotic Treatment and Survival of Nursing Home Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-National ...
		Antibiotic Treatment and Survival of Nursing Home Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-National Analysis -- Kruse et al.
		Background: Nursing home residents frequently develop lower respiratory tract infections (LRI), such as pneumonia and bronchitis, however, there is little research to support a specific method of treatment.
		This study assessed the effects of different antibiotic treatments on the survival of elderly nursing home residents with LRI in the United States and the Netherlands, where treatment approaches are quite different.
	www.annfammed.org /cgi/content/full/3/5/422/DC2 (224 words)

	Antibiotic Treatment and Survival of Nursing Home Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-National ...
		Articles by Kruse, R. Articles by Ribbe, M. Antibiotic Treatment and Survival of Nursing Home Patients With Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: A Cross-National Analysis
		PURPOSE Although lower respiratory tract infections are a leading
		lower respiratory tract infections conducted in 36 nursing homes
	www.annfammed.org /cgi/content/abstract/3/5/422 (460 words)

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