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	Lucas Mangope
		Born in Motswedi on December 27 1923, Mangope worked as a high school teacher until 8 August 1959, when he succeeded his father Lucas as Chief of the Motsweda Ba hurutshe-Boo-Manyane tribe.
		On May 1 1971, Mangope became Chief Minister of the Bophuthatswana Legislative Assembly and retained his post following the first Bophuthatswana elections on 4 October 1972.
		Mangope was found guilty of fraud in 1998 and is now leader of the South African United Christian Democratic Party.
	publicliterature.org /en/wikipedia/l/lu/lucas_mangope.html (170 words)

	Daily Mail&Guardian: Transforming Mangope's Bophuthatswana
		Mangope was found not guilty on another 103 counts of theft, with Judge Mullins arguing that the State had not proven conclusively that the Bophuthatswana funds involved (although mostly not budgeted) had no legitimate purpose in enhancing Presidential security.
		He characterised the Mangope regime as one which had brought advancement and prosperity to the homeland, contradicting the thrust of his July judgment in which he spoke of pervasive corruption in the homeland.
		Mangope's UCDP gained substantial support from civil servants concerned about the possible loss of their privileges and benefits if the provincial administration was made more efficient and effective.
	www.chico.mweb.co.za /mg/projects/bop/update.html (5778 words)

	Sol, The Sun King
		Mangope was hot on two things: protocol, insisting that he was the sovereign head of a sovereign nation; and payments, ensuring that there'd be a generation of wealth sometimes confused between his country's and his own.
		Sol treated Mangope and his family members to the red carpet of royalty, and there was a standing instruction at Sun International that personal matters relating to the Mangope family be referred directly to him.
		Mangope wrote to Sol in April 1987: "Leslie Young has had his salary augmented by Union Corporation until 31st March 1987 and they have offered to extend this at the present rate until 1990.
	www.btimes.co.za /97/1026/news/news12.htm (1470 words)

	South Africa: 10 years ago today - SouthAfrica.info
		Bophuthatswana President Lucas Mangope was finally ousted yesterday, but over 60 people lost their lives in a week of drama that changed the face of the Western Transvaal region.
		The delegation would also decide on immediate action in the light of Mr Mangope's failure to respond "in direct terms to the call for free and fair elections and the transitional steps to be taken for the reincorporation of Bophuthatswana into South Africa".
		President Lucas Mangope took a hardline stance, rejecting Independent Electoral Commission chairman Judge Johann Kriegler's plea for free political activity in the homeland, and firing the staff of the Bophuthatswana Broadcasting Corporation, closing down two television stations and three radio stations.
	www.southafrica.info /news/top_story/tenyearsago2.htm (2505 words)

	MANGOPE IN COURT - BAIL GRANTED
		Mangope, (73), is facing 208 counts of theft, attempted theft and fraud.
		Mangope's appearance followed an investigation by the Skweyiya Commission of Inquiry which was appointed by the North West Government last year to probe allegations of corruption in the former homeland.
		Mangope was barred from communicating with state witnesses and was forbidden to travel abroad without informing the investigating officer at least seven days before leaving the country.
	www.info.gov.za /speeches/1997/02060w09497.htm (186 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Rebel soldiers staged the takeover bid Wednesday, detaining homeland President Lucas Mangope and several top Cabinet officials for 15 hours before South African soldiers and police rushed to the homeland, rescuing the leaders and restoring them to power.
		Warrant Officer M.T.F. Phiri, described by Mangope as one of the coup leaders, was arrested Friday in Mmabatho, capital of the nominally independent homeland, officials said.
		Because she is the only country with whom Bophuthatswana enjoys diplomatic relations and has formal agreements." Mangope described the mutual defense treaty between the homeland and South Africa as "similar to the NATO agreement," referring to the Atlantic military alliance.
	www.cse.iitb.ac.in /~sanjeet_khtn/trecdocs/AP880212-0009.txt (484 words)

	A Handful of Armes - South African Defence Review No 5, 1992
		Mangope's first military advisor was Brigadier van der Berg, the first Officer Commanding of the National Guard.
		During the attempt, President Mangope, and Brigadiers Riekert and Turner were detained by the plotters at the Independence Stadium and the Molopo military base.
		Mangope was declared deposed, and the leader of the opposition People's Progressive Party (PPP), Mr Rocky Malebane-Metsing was sworn in.
	www.iss.co.za /pubs/ASR/SADR5/Mills.html (4784 words)

	Footnotes to History- B
		Bophuthatswana's President Lucas Mangope refused to rejoin South Africa after the end of apartheid in 1994, which predictably led South Africa to cut off all funding to the Bophuthatswanan government.
		After Mangope ignored the March 1994 deadline to register for national elections, the population of Bophuthatswana rioted, and dozens were killed.
		Mangope meekly asked for South African assistance and was immediately removed from office, ending Bophuthatswanan independence.
	www.buckyogi.com /footnotes/natb.htm (3176 words)

	The Harvard Crimson :: Opinion :: Beware the Fallen Mighty
		This past weekend was quite an eventful one for South Africans as President Lucas Mangope of the Bophuthatswana homeland was forced to resign by the South African government.
		Mangope had declined to take part in April's national elections.
		Yet their support of Mangope is not as astounding as it initially might seem.
	www.thecrimson.com /article.aspx?ref=229398 (548 words)

	SABCnews.com - politics/the_parties
		Leah Mongape (78), the wife of former Bop President Lucas Mangope, died over the week-end at a Johannesburg clinic after a long illness.
		Mangope, wife to the leader of the official United Christian Democratic Party (UCDP) opposition party in the North West Legislature, was the leader of the party's Women's League and also served as a Councillor in the Greater Zeerust Municipality.
		Mangope, who has been in and out of hospital for the past 9 months, underwent a number of operations.
	www.sabcnews.com /politics/the_parties/0,2172,63004,00.html (109 words)

	The UCDP Will Win Election: Former Bop Leader Lucas Mangope (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Former Bophuthatswana homeland leader Lucas Mangope on Sunday expressed confidence that his United Christian Democratic Party would win the June 2 election.
		Mangope and senior UCDP officials visited the area on Sunday to resuscitate the activities of the party in the eastern part of the former homeland.
		It was doubtful, the UCDP officials said, that Madikizela-Mandela had intended putting in an appearance in the first place.
	www.anc.org.za /elections/news/apr/en041204.html (325 words)

	South Africa: Out of Sight: The Misery in Bophuthatswana (Human Rights Watch Report, September 16, 1991) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Following Mangope's speech at the April independence anniversary, Bophuthatswana police detained 12 African National Congress (ANC) supporters from Braklaagte, after stopping them at a roadblock on their way to Mmabatho where they were to protest the opening, on May 1, of the Bophuthatswana Parliament, a structure which they consider to be illegitimate.
		Mangope again confirmed his government's position that there are no political prisoners in Bophuthatswana.
		On September 4, 1991, police took Peter and Lucas Leew, who were indemnified by the South African government and returned to the home of their parents at Kraaipan in Bophuthatswana, for questioning by the security branch at Itsoseng.
	hrw.org /reports/1991/southafrica2 (7980 words)

	Sol, The Sun King
		Sol treated Mangope and his family members like VIPs and the presidential suites at the resort were always at his disposal.
		Not only were Ditshetelo and Nkau senior Bop civil servants but Ditshetelo was Lucas Mangope's brother-in-law and Nkau his closest friend; Lucas and Leah Mangope are, of course, husband and wife.
		When a son of Mangope treated Sun City staff as his servants, or wouldn't take no for an answer from Sun City showgirls, the calls went straight through to Sol for his attention.
	www.btimes.co.za /97/1026/news/news13.htm (900 words)

	Lucas Mangope: Viele Informationen uber Lucas Mangope an OnlineEnzyklopaedie.de
		Lucas Mangope: Viele Informationen uber Lucas Mangope an OnlineEnzyklopaedie.de
		Kgosi Lucas Manyane Mangope (* 1923) ist ein südafrikanischer Häuptling und Politiker.
		Juli 1998 wurde Mangope vom Obersten Gericht in Mafikeng in 102 Fällen des Diebstahls und in drei Fällen des Devisenbetrugs für schuldig befunden.
	www.onlineenzyklopaedie.de /l/lu/lucas_mangope.html (148 words)

	The Real Truth about South Africa - 1994 and Beyond
		In the eyes of Mandela and de Klerk, President Lucas Mangope, this time sinned by refusing to be sucked into the unitary, Communist State they planned.
		President Mangope then made several personal calls for help to the AWB of Eugene Terreblanche for assistance.
		What was his motive for going to the assistance of President Lucas Mangope, who refused to participate in the elections, when his party had already registered to participate in the elections.
	www.matriots.com /sa/satruth/1994.html (2010 words)

	LUCAS MANGOPE SUMMONED TO APPEAR IN SUPREME COURT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The former President of the defunct Bophuthatswana homeland, Mr Lucas Mangope, was today (Thursday) served with a summons to appear in the Mmabatho Supreme Court on charges of misappropriation of funds and property estimated at R18 million.
		The amount includes funds, materials and labour misappropriated from Bophuthatswana for effecting improvements in respect of Mangope's residence in Motswedi R4 442 886,40, Motswedi Dairy R79 320,25, Moeng smallholdings R51 050,42 and Alwynspoort Farm R2 511 978,65.
		Mangope is also charged with authorisation of funds in excess of R10,4 million to his party, the UCDP.
	www.info.gov.za /speeches/1996/960906_0r01996.htm (285 words)

	Bophuthatswana
		The people forced to live there lost their South African nationality.
		Kgosi Lucas Mangope[?] was appointed head of state.
		After a failed coup in 1988, Mangope was forcibly reinstated by South Africa.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/bo/Bophutatswana.html (145 words)

	72 days that shaped South Africa - SouthAfrica.info
		Kimberley — Deposed Bophuthatswana President Lucas Mangope said yesterday he still considered himself the legal leader of Bophuthatswana and was considering legal action against the South African government for removing him from power at the weekend.
		Mandela's opening words, delivered in Tswana, drew thundersouls applause from the crowd: "My nation, I greet you." Thousands of ANC posters were held aloft as the crowd roared its admiration.
		In his speech at the stadium, Mandela labelled the revolt which led to the fall of Lucas Mangope's government as a "people's uprising", insisting it was the people, not the De Klerk government, that had toppled Mangope.
	www.safrica.info /ess_info/sa_glance/history/tenyearsago3.htm (2083 words)

	The Herald : Columns
		Donald’s wife had indicated to them that he was critical of Mangope.
		That helped me, I think, to figure out why Mangope was so deserving of the spleen of erstwhile liberation organisations.
		I recalled how well kept the University of Bophuthatswana was under Mangope and compared its state with the three occasions when I visited it under the new dispensation.
	www.theherald.co.za /colarc/hcow/hc1110.htm (491 words)

	Green Left - Cover Story: 'At the critical moments, the masses stepped in' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		The overthrow of Lucas Mangope was one of several popular interventions that have kept the process on track, Cronin explained.
		The AWB for him or her is a white foreman kicking them in the backside.” Those contradictions were obvious in Bophuthatswana, where it was one of Mangope's own police officers who executed AWB members.
		In Bophuthatswana, Cronin said, the ANC met many times with Mangope to convince him to come into the process, but “he was just too damn stupid to take the gap we were offering him...
	www.greenleft.org.au /1994/138/10030 (1909 words)

	Lucas Mangope United Christian Democratic Party Bophuthatswana Bantustan coup (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-07)
		Lucas Mangope United Christian Democratic Party Bophuthatswana Bantustan coup
		In October 1976, Chief Lucas Mangope requested South Africa to train Tswanas for military service.
		During the late 1970’s, President Lucas Mangope of Bophuthaswana decided to re-introduce wildlife and turn the Pilansburg into a game reserve.
	en.powerwissen.com /yeNIh0HVrwacxJcVNsS6wg==_Lucas_Mangope.html (250 words)

	South African Homelands
		Dec 1968 - 1 Jun 1972 Lawrence Lucas Manyane Mangope (b.
		1 Jun 1972 - 6 Dec 1977 Lawrence Lucas Manyane Mangope (s.a.) BNP/BDP
		6 Dec 1977 - 13 Mar 1994 Lawrence Lucas Manyane Mangope (s.a.) BDP/CDP
	www.worldstatesmen.org /South_African_homelands.html (870 words)

	The Insider - SA changes -view from Harare
		The Conservative Party of Andries Treurnicht, heavily defeated in the whites-only referendum, has been courting both the Zulu-nationalist Inkatha Freedom Party of chief Gatsha Buthelezi and the President of Boputhatswana, Lucas Mangope.
		Recently Treurnicht identified Buthelezi, Mangope and other homeland leaders as supporting his partitionist commonwealth of nations proposals.
		One time Rhodesian Front minister Rowan Cronje, whose brother-in-law is Conservative MP Tom Langley, is Mangope's Minister of Defence.
	www.insiderzim.com /may92guest.html (1134 words)

	TIME.com: World Notes SOUTH AFRICA -- Feb. 22, 1988 -- Page 1
		The drama began as rebellious soldiers seized President Lucas Mangope, 60, from his bed and took him, still in his shorty pajamas, to a soccer stadium.
		Claiming the government was corrupt, the kidnapers threatened to douse Mangope with gasoline and set him ablaze.
		Within 14 hours, several hundred South African troops rescued Mangope and restored him to office.
	www.time.com /time/magazine/article/0,9171,966776,00.html (356 words)

	The Rest of the Story \| The John Birch Society - Truth, Leadership, Freedom
		Next, the campaign moved to the Ciskei homeland, where Brigadier Oupa J. Gqoso was overthrown in similar manner.
		Like Mangope, he was vilified in the American press as a corrupt stooge.
		No one in the media bothered to ask why General Bantu Holimisa, dictator of the Transkei homeland, or Brigadier Gabriel Ramushwana of the Venda homeland, both of whom came to power through ANC-supported military coups and cannot even offer a pretense of democratic legitimacy, were not also replaced.
	www.jbs.org /node/931 (3437 words)

	Sun City : Introduction \| Frommers.com
		Developer Sol Kerzner, the boxer-turned-businessman known locally as the "Sun King," capitalized on apartheid South Africa's stern antigambling laws by situating Sun City in the then homeland of Bophuthatswana, the hodgepodge of inferior land into which the Tswana were forced.
		As an "independent" state, headed by the corrupt Lucas Mangope, Bophuthatswana was literally a law unto itself, and millions began to swarm to "Sin City," not only to gamble, but to see international acts like Sinatra, George Benson, and Elton John, who ignored the cultural boycott at the time.
		Bid on luxury travel auctions to Africa and save!
	www.frommers.com /destinations/suncity/2451010001.html (201 words)

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