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Topic: Lucius Verginius Rufus

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	Lucius Verginius Rufus
		Lucius Verginius Rufus was born in the neighborhood of Como in northern Italy as the son of a Roman knight and was the first one of his family to enter the Senate.
		Verginius became the guard of his son Gaius, who received an excellent education and was later adopted by his uncle, an army officer and encyclopedist named Pliny the Elder.
		Verginius, now consul for the second time, loyally supported the man of the Senate's choosing, but his position became untenable when Otho was defeated by the army of another emperor, Vitellius.
	www.livius.org /va-vh/verginius/rufus.html (1510 words)

	Pliny the Elder - WCD (Wiki Classical Dictionary)
		In 68, the governor of Gallia Lugdunensis, Gaius Julius Vindex, revolted, but the general of the army of the middle Rhine, Lucius Verginius Rufus (a friend of Pliny), suppressed the rebellion.
		Galba despised the soldiers of the Rhine army, who first offered the throne to Verginius Rufus (who refused) and then to the general of the army of the lower Rhine, Aulus Vitellius.
		A guardian was appointed: Verginius Rufus, the man who in 68 had refused the throne.
	www.ancientlibrary.com /wcd/Pliny_the_Elder (2474 words)

	[No title]
		Rufus, saluted as Caesar and Augustus, refuses the sovereignty (chapter 25).
		Rufus visited Galba and could obtain from him no important privileges, unless one reckons the fact that a man who had frequently been hailed as emperor was allowed to live.
		The soldiers in Germany under control of Rufus became more and more excited because they could not obtain any favors from Galba; and, having failed to secure the object of their desire through the medium of Rufus, they sought to obtain it through somebody else.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/0/8/9/10890/10890.txt (19501 words)

	Year of the Four Emperors - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The legions stationed at the border to Germania marched to meet Vindex and confront him as a traitor.
		Led by Lucius Verginius Rufus, the Rhine army defeated Vindex in battle and killed him, hoping for a subsequent reward from the emperor.
		Their commander, Rufus, was immediately replaced by the new emperor.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors (1568 words)

	The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Histories (Vol I), by Tacitus, translated by W. Hamilton Fyfe.
		However, they still lacked a leader: Galba had sent for Verginius under a pretence of friendship, and, when he was not allowed to return and was even charged with treachery, the soldiers considered his case their own.
		He was the son of the Lucius Vitellius who had been censor and thrice consul,23 and Galba thought this sufficient to impress the troops.
		Then again the Treviri and Lingones101 and the other communities which Galba had punished by issuing harsh edicts and confiscating part of their territory, were in close communication with the winter quarters of the legions.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927-h/i.html (16141 words)

	[No title]
		502 BC - The consuls are Opiter Verginius Tricostus and Sp.
		494 BC - A. Verginius Tricostus Caeliomontanus is appointed dictator, and appoints M. Valerius as his Magister Equitum (master of the horse) after a battle against the Italian Volscians.
		476 BC - The consuls are A. Verginius Tricostus Rutilusand Sp.
	www.novaroma.org /camenaeum/RomanTimeline.txt (25003 words)

	Vitellius oddd.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		He was the son of Lucius Vitellius, who had been consul and governor of Syria under Tiberius.
		Gaius Caesar and Lucius Caesar were still too young to assume the heavy responsibilities of the Principate, and Augustus now had no immediate successor to assume power and see the boys to maturity, since Tiberius's brother Drusus had died of an illness in 9 BC.
		Sejanus hailed from Volsinii in Etruria, from the equites family of Lucius Seius Strabo, who also shared the Praetorian Prefecture until 15 AD when his father was promoted to be Prefect of Egypt, the pinnacle of an equestrian career under the Principate.
	vitellius.en.oddd.org (8495 words)

	[No title]
		Verginius Rufus, Governor of Upper Germany, refuses to compete.
		The army of Upper Germany felt no respect for their commander, 9 Hordeonius Flaccus.[21] Weakened by age and an affection of the feet he was without resolution or authority, and could not have controlled the mildest troops.
		[38] Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus was the son of M. Licinius Crassus Frugi, and adopted son of L. Calpurnius Piso Frugi.
	www2.cddc.vt.edu /gutenberg/1/6/9/2/16927/16927-8.txt (20757 words)

	Tacitus - ANNALS
		Nero next appointed three ex-consuls, Lucius Piso, Ducennius Geminus, and Pompeius Paulinus, to the management of the public revenues, and inveighed at the same time against former emperors whose heavy expenditure had exceeded their legitimate income.
		But their mainstay, it was thought, was Faenius Rufus, the commander of the guard, a man of esteemed life and character, to whom Tigellinus with his brutality and shamelessness was superior in the emperor's regard.
		Verginius encouraged the studies of our youth by his eloquence; Rufus by the teachings of philosophy.
	mcadams.posc.mu.edu /txt/ah/Tacitus/TacitusAnnals15.html (12792 words)

	Year of the Four Emperors
		In Africa too, Clodius Macer with the support of Galba, revolted with his one legion and began the process of recruiting another, while cutting off the grain supply to Rome and inciting the mob (Macer would soon be executed for his efforts by the distrusting Galba).
		Though Verginius Rufus refused his troops declaration, preferring to let others play the imperial game, it was painfully obvious to Nero that any semblance of support for him had faded.
		(Verginius Rufus returned to Rome and was transformed into an inspiring, yet minor player in the transition between emperors and remained so even through and beyond the Flavian Dynasty.) The Praetorian Prefect Gaius Nymphidius Sabinus played his own hand, promising his praetorians a large reward for their allegiance to Galba and Nero's fate was sealed.
	www.unrv.com /early-empire/year-four-emperors.php (1239 words)

	Civil War
		Worried about the highly popular governor of Northern Germany, Verginius Rufus, he recalled him.
		Though popular, Rufus was also loyal, having twice refused the efforts of the German legions to declare him Emperor.
		When they approached Vitellius with the same offer that Rufus had refused, though, he quickly accepted, and the rebellion that Galba had tried to prevent was born.
	www.garstang.us /emperors/civilwar.htm (996 words)

	web.genealogie
		Lucius Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus tribun militaire à pouvoir consulaire -402.
		Lucius Verginius Tricostus Esquilinus tribun militaire à pouvoir consulaire -389.
		Lucius Volusius Saturninus consul -12 (remplace), mort en +20.
	web.genealogie.free.fr /Les_dynasties/Antiquite/Rome_et_Constantinople/Gentes/V_Gentes.htm (524 words)

	Domitian dgun.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		In 70 he managed to force the divorce of Domitia Longina in order to marry her.
		Lucius Aelius Lamia, her husband, could not prevent the prince's will, and so Domitia became daughter in law of the emperor.
		The Roman government declined to accede to these arrangements, and Lucius Caesennius Paetus, governor of Cappadocia, was ordered to settle the question by bringing Armenia under direct Roman administration.
	www.dgun.org /en/Domitian (6285 words)

	[No title]
		Claudius adopts Agrippina's son, Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, henceforth known as Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus Caesar.
		Lucius Verginius Rufus, legionary commander in Upper Germany defeats Vindex at Vesonto.
		Lucius Clodius Macer, legate of the III legio Augusta in Africa rebels.
	folk.ntnu.no /chrisjoh/tidslinje4.html (899 words)

	The Internet Classics Archive \| The Annals by Tacitus
		Nero next appointed three ex-consuls, Lucius Piso, Ducennius Geminus, and Pompeius Paulinus, to the management of the public revenues, and inveighed at the same time against former emperors whose heavy expenditure had exceeded their legitimate income.
		During the consulship of Memmius Regulus and Verginius Rufus, Nero welcomed with something more than mortal joy the birth of a daughter by Poppaea, whom he called Augusta, the same title having also been given to Poppaea.
		But their mainstay, it was thought, was Faenius Rufus, the commander of the guard, a man of esteemed life and character, to whom Tigellinus with his brutality and shamelessness was superior in the emperor's regard.
	classics.mit.edu /Tacitus/annals.11.xv.html (10623 words)

	Roman Emperors - DIR Galba
		The defeat of Vindex by Lucius Verginius Rufus at Vesontio later that year did not end Galba's chance at the throne, for the rebellion had created at Rome an opportunity for
		On 1 January 69 A.D. the troops in Upper Germany refused to declare allegiance to Galba and instead followed the men stationed in Lower Germany in the proclamation of their commander, Aulus Vitellius, as the new ruler.
		In response, Galba adopted Lucius Calpurnius Piso Frugi Licinianus, at the instigation of questionable advisors and with the approval of the Senate, in an attempt to demonstrate that his successor was not to be chosen for him.
	www.roman-emperors.org /galbax.htm (634 words)

	Wargames Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Towards the end of Tiberius’ reign, Illyria and Thrace became hotspots, with the biggest problems arising in Africa, and an uprising in Gaul in 21 A.D. Over the next 50 years, the most pronounced development in Rome was the increased power of the Praetorian Guard and its Prefect.
		Fonteius Capito commanded lower Germany remained indecisive, but Lucius Verginius Rufus that commanded upper Germany met Vindex at the battle of Vesontio and decisively defeated him.
		Rufus had remained loyal to Nero, and returned to his province with his legions.
	www.wargamesjournal.com /ancients/ancients_article_14.asp (3549 words)

	Sextus Iulius Frontinus
		(3) Capito's, in the consulate of Gaius Asinius Pollio and Gaius Antistius Vetus [23 C.E.], was Tarius Rufus.
		(10) Piso's, in the consulate of Verginius Rufus and Memmius Regulus [63 C.E.], was Petronius Turpilianus.
		Either Lucius Ceionius Commodus (consul in 78 C.E.) or his son of the same name (consul in 106 and grandfather of the emperor Lucius Verus).
	www.uvm.edu /~rrodgers/Frontinus.html (17555 words)

	Wake
		Nero’s general Rufus and his Rhine legions defeat Vindex at Vesontio, but the loyalty to the emperor is declining.
		Rufus joins politician Galba, as rebellious generals and praefects of the Senate find Nero’s policy to be unsatisfying and want him gone.
		The old Galba, once a loyal man, saw no other way than to fight Nero, using the aid of a corrupt praetorian Nymphidius.
	home.student.uva.nl /ferdi.verweij/meadow_pictures/year_of_the_four_emperors/synopsis.htm (1323 words)

	Batavian Revolt [Archive] - Military Photos
		The commander of the Roman legions in the province Germania Superior, Lucius Verginius Rufus, fearing a native rising in Gaul, ordered his men to march from the Rhine to Besançon, where the rebels had their headquarters.
		They thought they had done a good job by suppressing the revolt of Vindex, but now discovered that their courageous deeds were explained as an attempt to obstruct the accession of Galba.
		The fact that Verginius Rufus was imediately replaced (by Marcus Hordeonius Flaccus) did little to ease the discontent.
	www.militaryphotos.net /forums/archive/index.php/t-41206.html (2496 words)

	Detail Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		As the head of a German province, Rufus was confronted with the uprising of the Gallic rebel Vindex and marched immediately to suppress him.
		Although his victory and prime location could have made him a rival for the throne, he chose instead to support Galba.
		Rufus received little consideration from the new emperor, finding Otho a more gracious patron.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=ROME1834 (161 words)

	rmrs3.gif
		The legions of Germany refused to join the revolt and proposed their own candidate, one Lucius Verginius Rufus.
		However, Rufus was not interested, and Vindex eventually committed suicide.
		Otho was advised by his commanders, Suetonius Paullinus and Verginius Rufus, to delay joining battle.
	www.romanarmy.net /69ad.htm (2195 words)

	Informat.io on Pliny The Younger
		Born in Comum, Italy, the son of a landowner named Lucius Caecilius and his wife Plinia, Pliny the Younger was also a nephew of Pliny the Elder.
		His guardian is known to have been Lucius Verginius Rufus, famed for quelling a revolt against Nero.
		After being first tutored at home, Pliny later travelled to Rome where he furthered his education and was taught rhetoric by the great teacher and author Quintilian and Nicetes Sacerdos of Smyrna.
	www.informat.io /?title=pliny-the-younger (1277 words)

	BOOK XV, A.D. 62-65 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		During the consulship of Memmius Regulus and Verginius Rufus, Nero welcomed with something more than mortal joy the birth of a daughter by Poppaea, whom he called Augusta, the same title having also been given to Poppaea.
		Some there were who, as soon as the conspiracy was betrayed, urged Piso, while Milichus’ story was being heard, and Scaevinus was hesitating, to go to the camp or mount the Rostra and test the feelings of the soldiers and of the people.
		The soldiers’ part too in the conspiracy no longer escaped discovery, some in their rage becoming informers to betray Faenius Rufus, whom they could not endure to be both an accomplice and a judge.
	worldebooklibrary.com /eBooks/Adelaide/t/t1a/annals12.html (13103 words)

	Re rebellions of Vindex and Vitellius (68-69ce)
		Nero sent the three legions from Germania Superior (XXI Rapax, IIII Macedonica and XXII Primigenia), under the command of Lucius Verginius Rufus, to deal with Vindex, who was defeated at Vesontio (modern Besançon, Switzerland), a civitas of the Sequani.
		On June 9th, 68 ce, under pressure from the Praetrian guard, Nero comitted suicide and Galba was declared to be the new emperor by the Senate in Rome.
		This placed Rufus in the position of having opposed forces freindly to the current Emperor.
	www.ancientworlds.net /aw/Post/174186 (645 words)

	The Revolt
		In April 68 he found his man: the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Servius Sulpicius Galba.
		The commander of the Roman legions in the province Germania Superior, Lucius Verginius Rufus, fearing a native rising in Gaul, ordered his men to march from the Rhine to Besançon, where the rebel had his headquarters.
		Vindex was unable to explain his motives, and having lost the propaganda battle, he lost the real battle and his life.
	www.xs4all.nl /~missgien/batavians/emperors.html (231 words)

	List of Consuls
		Lucius Vitellius II Gaius Passienus Crispus II Titus Statilius Taurus
		Titus Flavius Vespasianus VI Lucius Junius Novius Priscus Rufus
		Titus Flavius Domitianus VI Quintus Petilius Rufus Sabinus
	www.unrv.com /government/consul-1-ad.php (193 words)

	The Celtic Tribes of Roman Gaul
		Part of Caesar's reaction now may have been due to the memory of the defeat brought upon the consul Lucius Cassius and his army, which had been routed and put under the yoke by the Helvetii in 107 BCE, fifty years earlier.
		However, his own troops were not ready, so he told the envoys that he required more time to consider their request and told them to return on the 13th of April.
		However, Vindex's levies were no match for the legions of Germania Superior (the legions XXI Rapax, IIII Macedonica and XXII Primigenia), commanded by Lucius Verginius Rufus and supported by the ever-reliable Gallic communities like the Lingones.
	www.celtnet.org.uk /gaulish-tribes.html (17096 words)

	BookRags: Pliny the Younger Biography
		A.D. He was born in Comum (modern Como), the son of Lucius Caecilius.
		His guardian was Verginius Rufus, the general who crushed the revolt of Vindex in
		A.D. 68, was twice consul, and twice refused to be hailed as emperor.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/pliny-the-younger-dlb (185 words)

	The Revolt
		In April 68 he found his man: the governor of Hispania Tarraconensis, Servius Sulpicius Galba.
		The commander of the Roman legions in the province Germania Superior, Lucius Verginius Rufus, fearing a native rising in Gaul, ordered his men to march from the Rhine to Besançon, where the rebel had his headquarters.
		Vindex was unable to explain his motives, and having lost the propaganda battle, he lost the real battle and his life.
	www.missgien.net /batavians/emperors.html (231 words)

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