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Topic: Ludlow massacre

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Mother Jones

	[No title]
		This became known as the Ludlow Massacre." The Ludlow Massacre "...
		"This was the Colorado coal strike that began in September 1913 and culminated in the 'Ludlow Massacre' of April 1914.
		On the morning that the bodies were discovered in the tent pit at Ludlow, American warships were attacking Vera Cruz, a city on the coast of Mexico--bombarding it, occupying it, leaving a hundred Mexicans dead--because Mexico had arrested American sailors and refused to apologize to the United States with a twenty-one gun salute.
	www.spunk.org /library/places/us/sp000937.txt (1146 words)

	Ludlow massacre - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ludlow massacre was the death of about 20 people during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families, at Ludlow, Colorado on April 20, 1914.
		The massacre site is now owned by the UMWA, which erected a granite monument in memory of the striking miners and their families who died that day.
		Louis Tikas, the Ludlow camp's main organizer, had remained in the camp the entire day and was still there when the fire started.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludlow_Massacre (2853 words)

	Summer 2001 Ludlow Massacre Archaeology Field School
		The Ludlow Tent Colony is located 15 miles north of Trinidad, Colorado (map of area).
		The Ludlow Massacre was the most violent and best known episode of the 1913-1914 Colorado Coal Field Strike, and a seminal event in U.S. labor history.
		Five previous seasons at Ludlow uncovered the remains of tent platforms and cellars, a possible privy, and many artifacts relating to everyday life in the colony and the day of the massacre.
	www.du.edu /anthro/ludlow.html (1182 words)

	Ludlow Massacre
		It was the climax of an effort to suppress a strike by the United Mine Workers of America[?] (UMWA) union.
		On the morning of April 20, the National Guard opened fire with machine guns on the tent city of Ludlow, the largest of the tent cities, located 18 miles north of Trinidad, Colorado.
		As night approachd, the militia descended on the tent camp and set fire to it, not knowing that two women and eleven children had been hiding beneath a cot and did not escape with the other strikers.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/lu/Ludlow_Massacre.html (604 words)

	CSIndy: 'Almost like they massacred them again' (June 26, 2003)
		Caretaker of the Ludlow Massacre Monument for more than a decade, Fatur was making his evening rounds on May 8 when he spotted the broken stone flower vase, one of four at the monument's base.
		The brutality of the Ludlow Massacre outraged the nation and shamed Colorado, whose co-opted National Guard spearheaded the slaughter.
		Coffins of victims of the Ludlow Massacre, Trinidad.
	www.csindy.com /csindy/2003-06-26/cover.html (3492 words)

	Ludlow Monument - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Ludlow Monument is a granite memorial erected at Ludlow, Colorado in 1918 to honor the victims of the Ludlow massacre.
		The Monument was damaged by persons unknown in 2003 with the heads and arms of the statue figures cut and removed, but has undergone repair.
		The repaired monument was unveiled at the United Mine Workers of America (UMWA) annual Ludlow ceremony on June 5, 2005.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludlow_Monument (142 words)

	The Massacre at Ludlow (Labor) by Dick Meister
		The events of that day have been known ever since as the Ludlow Massacre, one of the most horrific episodes in U.S. labor history, but one that ultimately led to important and lasting improvements in how American workers are treated.
		As word of the massacre spread, armed miners and other workers marched on Ludlow from throughout the area to clash with Guardsmen and other employer forces.
		But the violent response to their struggle for basic rights was a major factor in enactment of the laws which legalized unions and their right to strike, banned child labor and established the eight-hour workday as a national standard.
	www.dickmeister.com /id182.html (782 words)

	Finding Ludlow
		The Ludlow Massacre is an extremely important event in labor history, both for the state of Colorado and the United States.
		The Ludlow Massacre was born out of a strike of mine workers in Southern Colorado, most of who worked for the Colorado Fuel and Iron Company, owned by John D. Rockefeller.
		The Ludlow Massacre encouraged state and federal lawmakers to pass legislation that in the long run would allow working men and women their deserved dignity and respect.
	chass.colostate-pueblo.edu /magazine/2005/ludlow.htm (2250 words)

	Historical Foreward and Bibliography - For the Public - Colorado Bar Association
		Ludlow, with about 200 tents holding 1,200 miners and their families, was the largest of the colonies and also served as strike headquarters for Las Animas County.
		At the time of the Ludlow Massacre, he commanded Company B, which consisted almost entirely of mine guards and was the most despised of all Guard units stationed in the southern coalfields.
		As to how we read the story of the Ludlow Massacre, it can simply be an incident in the history of the trade union movement and the coal industry—a fading, “angry splotch” on the past.
	www.cobar.org /group/index.cfm?category=581&EntityID=dpwfp (8796 words)

	Straight Track #92: The Ludlow Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		After they were evicted from their company housing, some 10,000 miners moved to tent colonies established by the UMW on land rented by the union east of the coal camps.
		As miners and their families moved into the tent cities in locations near Aguilar, Forbes, Ludlow, Starkville and Walsenburg, they were confident the mine owners would soon meet their demands.
		The pit itself was cemented in with stairs going into the hole where the women and children perished during the massacre.
	www.felahfd.com /HFD5/ST92_newsletter.htm (1087 words)

	[No title]
		The Express was the first newspaper to label the incident a “massacre.” The Rocky Mountain News had sought a settlement of the strike the previous fall under the leadership of its new owner-editor, John C. Shaffer of Chicago.
		Union leaders were instrumental in promulgating and the idea that Ludlow was a “massacre” and for ascribing blame for the fiasco to greedy, callous and corrupt coalmine owners.
		Historians can only speculate whether the ‘Ludlow Massacre’ would be such a celebrated event if it had not been for the effectiveness of the union in promoting its cause and bumbling manner in which the coal operators and John D. Rockefeller Jr.
	lamar.colostate.edu /~pr/LudlowChaosControversy0404.doc (1602 words)

	Ludlow Massacre on the Santa Fe Trail National Scenic and Historic Byway Mountain Branch
		On April 20, 1914, while the militia officer in charge of Company B and the leader of the Ludlow colony were meeting to discuss a particular matter, a number of Company B troopers- as instructed by superiors- located themselves atop Water Tank Hill, just south of Ludlow.
		Though the Ludlow battle ended on the night of April 20, 1914, the woeful spirit of war carried on for days after.
		The effects of the strike, and equally the effect of what occurred at Ludlow, encouraged state and federal lawmakers to pass legislation, that in the long run, would allow working men and women deserved dignity and respect.
	www.santafetrailscenicandhistoricbyway.org /ludlow.html (1951 words)

	The Sociopathy of the Rockefellers and the Ludlow Massacre of 1914
		The Sociopathy of the Rockefellers and the Ludlow Massacre of 1914
		Ludlow mine workers were Slave-race types, of lesser importance than the mules used in the mines.
		The Ludlow Massacre is partly reconstructed using the work of George McGovern, one-time democratic candidate for president.
	ecosyn.us /Bush-Hitler/Ludlow_Massacre/Remington_Arms.htm (3441 words)

	The Ludlow Massacre
		The next morning, a telephone linesman, going through the charred ruins of the Ludlow colony, lifted an iron cot that covered a pit dug in the floor of one tent, and found the mangled, burned bodies of two women and eleven children.
		It was only after the massacre, when the miners armed themselves and went on a rampage of violence against the mine properties and mine guards, that President Wilson called out the federal troops to end the turmoil in southern Colorado.
		Nineteen years after the Ludlow massacre--and after years of a phony company union--the Rockefeller-controlled Colorado Fuel and Iron Company was forced to sign a contract with the United Mine Workers in 1933.
	soiuser.hyperchat.com /joad/ludlow.htm (1053 words)

	The Colorado Coalfield War, 1913-1914
		It was nicknamed "the Death Special" by the miners because the gunmen who used the car took perverse delight in spraying bullets through the tents as they roared past the colonies on their way to and from the mine offices.
		Louis Tikas, leader of the Ludlow tent colony, was captured soon after the firing of the tents and was taken to the military camp.
		The atrocity at Ludlow was protested in cities all over the world and Federal troops were called in, arriving in early May, 1914.
	sangres.com /history/coalfieldwar01.htm (1172 words)

	The Militant - July 10, 2000 -- Unionists mark Ludlow massacre, today's battles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		LUDLOW, Colorado--About 200 unionists and supporters gathered June 25 at the site of the 1914 Ludlow mine massacre.
		On the morning of April 20, 1914, Colorado National Guard troops opened fire on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow.
		An archeological dig is now under way at the site to help get out the facts about the conditions working people in the area faced before, during, and after the Ludlow massacre.
	www.themilitant.com /2000/6427/642753.html (478 words)

	The Ludlow Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		I was touched immediately by the story of the 1914 massacre of men, women and eleven children.
		Then, on a later visit, I was shocked at the destruction caused by vandals-- the statues of a man and woman beheaded, an arm removed from the woman.
		I was using a battery pack of unknown life; could not be in two places at once; and therefore was unable to tape many of the other inspiring speeches.
	almostangels.org /ludlow (383 words)

	The Ludlow Massacre
		One ballad described the famous Ludlow Massacre of 1914, where National Guard troops fired on striking Colorado miners and their families.
		The company, of course, owned the ramshackle huts that the miners and their families were packed into and evicted them at the outset of the strike.
		In the icy winter of 1913-14, the striking miners and their families were controlled in their tent town by the National Guard which had been called out as a buffer between the Company Guards and the miners, but which soon sided with the company.
	mysongbook.de /msb/songs/l/ludlowma.html (785 words)

	MonthlyFeature
		For more information about the Ludlow Massacre, we have prepared a selected Bibliography of materials from the Holt Labor Library collection.
		Ludlow, Being the Report of the Special Board of Officers Appointed by the Governor of Colorado to Investigate and Determine the Facts with Reference to the Armed Conflict Between the Colorado National Guard and Certain Persons Engaged in the Coal Mining Strike at Ludlow, Colorado April 30, 1914.
		Buried Unsung: Louis Tikas and the Ludlow Massacre.
	www.holtlaborlibrary.org /ludlow.html (693 words)

	Massacre at Ludlow: Murder and Arson
		Alcarita Pedregon, huddled in a pit under a burning tent, watched as two of her children were suffocated by smoke and heat.
		James Fyler, secretary of the Ludlow union, also was murdered after he was captured by the militia.
		The day before the massacre, Greek residents of the Ludlow Tent Colony celebrated their Easter, and in the afternoon men, women, and children watched and cheered as striking miners competed in a baseball game.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/labor_history/19494 (384 words)

	The Ludlow Massacre (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		The massacre occurred in a carefully planned attack on the tent colony by Colorado militiamen, coal company guards, and thugs hired as private detectives and strike breakers.
		Not one of the perpetrators of the slaughter were ever punished, but scores of miners and their leaders were arrested and fl-balled from the coal industry.
		A monument erected by the UMWA stands today in Ludlow, Colorado in remembrance of the brave and innocent souls who died for freedom and human dignity.
	www.umwa.org /history/ludlow.shtml (319 words)

	High Country News -- Printable -- April 24, 2000: Ludlow Massacre memorialized
		Ludlow is now a ghost town: Piles of rubble and dusty streets interrupt the plains of southeast Colorado, but some people are trying to ensure that what happened at Ludlow will not be forgotten.
		Remember Ludlow!, which recounts the massacre's history in words and photos, was published last year on the 85th anniversary of the tragedy.
		It is available at a monument in Ludlow, erected by the United Mine Workers of America in 1918.
	www.hcn.org /servlets/hcn.PrintableArticle?article_id=5743 (274 words)

	Colorado State University - News & Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-30)
		Note to Editors: Author Kirk Hallahan's 1,500-word retrospective, "Chaos and Controversy Followed the 'Ludlow Massacre,'" is available for publication as a feature and can be reviewed/downloaded on the Web at www.welcome.colostate.edu.
		Press coverage strongly shaped public perceptions when reporters and photographers from Denver swarmed Ludlow and Trinidad to chronicle the devastation, subsequent fighting and funerals of victims, and defined the "Ludlow Massacre" as the event remembered today.
		Hallahan explained that the UMWA seized the opportunity and union leaders were instrumental in spreading the idea that Ludlow was a massacre and for ascribing blame to greedy, callous and corrupt coalmine owners.
	newsinfo.colostate.edu /index.asp?page=news_item_display&news_item_id=442425061 (1172 words)

	Rebel Graphics :: ludlow
		Ludlow provoked what historians have called the Ten Days War, a working class uprising which nearly became an interstate conflict.
		The children of Ludlow were killed by men dressed in the uniform of the state.
		News stories about the Ludlow monument prior to the 2003 ceremony and after the ceremony.
	www.rebelgraphics.org /ludlow.html (751 words)

	American Experience \| The Rockefellers \| Special Features \| The Ludlow Massacre
		One of history's most dramatic confrontations between capital and labor — the so-called Ludlow massacre — took place at the mines of the Rockefeller-owned Colorado Fuel and Iron Company (CFandI).
		The face-off raged for fourteen hours, during which the miners' tent colony was pelted with machine gun fire and ultimately torched by the state militia.
		The Ludlow camp is a mass of charred debris, and buried beneath it is a story of horror imparalleled [sic] in the history of industrial warfare.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/rockefellers/sfeature/sf_8.html (1100 words)

	Eyewitness to Murder: Recounting the Ludlow Massacre
		The commission was in the midst of taking testimony from owners, workers, and reformers in dozens of industrial communities around the country when a coal strike erupted in southern Colorado.
		One of the most famous accounts of what came to be called the “Ludlow massacre” was the statement of a young electrical engineer, Godfrey Irwin, who was traveling through southern Colorado and provided an eyewitness account to a New York World reporter, reproduced here.
		On the day of the Ludlow battle a chum and myself left the house of the Rev. J.
	historymatters.gmu.edu /d/5737 (666 words)

	Colorado Ghost Town : Ludlow
		Ludlow was the site of the most gruesome anti-labor massacre in United States History, called The Ludlow Massacre.
		On April 20, 1914, coal miners had an ongoing strike - they wanted to join the growing (and still existing) miner's union.
		Nobody was ever punished for these incidents, except the surviving miners, who were arrested and flballed.
	www.ghosttowngallery.com /htme/ludlowco.htm (167 words)

	Walter Fink on Ludlow
		Excerpt from Walter H. Fink, The Ludlow Massacre (1914).
		The Greek members of the Ludlow tent colony were celebrating their Easter.
		Ludlow that morning presented a deep contrast to the day before.
	www.uwm.edu /Course/448-440/fink.htm (2940 words)

	Info Req: Ludlow Massacre (Woody Guthrie)
		Paul Durst's recollections of the Ludlow Massacre were that the miners, who he was with in the tents out of solidarity with their union's strike, were surrounded by the machine guns and 'something like a metal wire was electified somehow and when you touched it it burnt your hands'!
		One ballad described the famous Ludlow Massacre of 1914, where National Guard troops fired on striking Colorado miners and their families.
		In the icy winter of 1913-14, the striking miners and their families were controlled in their tent town by the National Guard which had been called out as a buffer between the Company Guards and the miners, but which soon sided with the company.
	www.mudcat.org /thread.cfm?threadid=6877 (2522 words)

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