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Topic: Ludwig Gumplowicz

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	Articles - Ludwig Gumplowicz (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		Ludwig Gumplowicz, born March 9, 1838 in KrakÃ³w, Poland, died August 19, 1909 in Graz, Austria, was one of the founders of European sociology.
		Gumplowicz became interested in the problem of suppressed ethnic groups very early, being from a Jewish family and coming from KrakÃ³w, which was annexed by Austria-Hungary.
		Gumplowicz soon became interested in the later form of sociology of conflict, starting out from the idea of the group (then known as race).
	www.techize.com /articles/Ludwig_Gumplowicz (315 words)

	Ludwig Gumplowicz Biography / Biography of Ludwig Gumplowicz World of Sociology Biography
		The so-called Austrian school of sociologists, of which Ludwig Gumplowicz was the most prominent, consisted of influential apostles of Social Darwinism.
		Gumplowicz saw sociology as the study of groups in conflict.
		Gumplowicz, born March 9, 1838, in Krakow, now in Poland, was the son of well-to-do Polish Jews.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ludwig-gumplowicz-soc (250 words)

	HighBeam Encyclopedia - Gumplowicz, Ludwig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		GUMPLOWICZ, LUDWIG [Gumplowicz, Ludwig], 1838-1909, Austrian sociologist, political scientist, and jurist.
		His theories are expressed chiefly in Der Rassenkampf [race conflict] (1883) and Grundriss der Soziologie (1885, tr.
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "Gumplowicz, Ludwig" at HighBeam.
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/G/Gumplowi.asp (134 words)

	Mrs. J.O. Unger : Discussion of W.I. Thomas "The Significance of the Orient for the Occident" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The short paper which I am to read has no direct connection with the chief paper of the afternoon, but is rather a contribution to the general subject of race-struggles and their results.
		It is to represent the views held on this point by Dr. Ludwig Gumplowicz, for many years professor of sociology and political science at the university of Graz, Austria.
		Living in a country where race-conflicts have always been especially predominant and severe and have shaped its politics to a great extent, he was no doubt led to give more thought to this subject than to any other and arrive at a theory quite his own.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Thomas/Supplementary/Unger_1908.html (1272 words)

	Chapter 7: 216,217,218 [1941]
		Gumplowicz, one of the most vigorous exponents of the race-conquest theory, refers, as does Wundt, to the conquest of England by the Normans and states, or infers, that the new nobility was composed of the conquerors.
		The classes that emerged were as much the result of competition as derived by inheritance from those of tribal society.
		In refuting Ward, Gumplowicz, Fahlbeck, Sorokin, Wundt, Cooley, Westermarck, and the exponents of the Nordic myth, one need only cite accredited historians; they have gone much more thoroughly into detail.
	www.abbeyclock.com /cecil/78.html (666 words)

	anovasofie - analysing and overcoming the sociological fragmentation in europe (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		He was research associate at the "Ludwig Boltzmann-Institute for Historical Social Research" in Salzburg, specialized in the application of quantitative methods in historical social research (1984-1986; "Streikgeschichte Steiermarks").
		He also is occupied with the documentation of research on a personal as well as an institutional level.
		on Ludwig Gumplowicz, Ernest Manheim, Marie Jahoda, the "Marienthal-study", and the Austrian exile in Great Britain, which were presented besides in Graz, in Vienna, Marienthal, London, and Kansas City, Mo. For each exhibition he edited catalogues.
	www.anovasofie.net /main/mueller.php (222 words)

	Ludwig Gumplowicz Biography / Biography of Ludwig Gumplowicz Biographies
		Ludwig Gumplowicz Biography / Biography of Ludwig Gumplowicz Biographies
		The following biographies focus on different aspects of Ludwig Gumplowicz's life and work.
		All biographies listed are included in the Ludwig Gumplowicz Biography Pass.
	www.bookrags.com /biography-ludwig-gumplowicz/index.html (107 words)

	geschichte.transnational / Rezensionen / Rez. NEG: M. Turda: The Idea of National Superiority in Central Europe
		Though Gumplowicz's evolutionary sociology was not unreservedly Darwinian and certainly had racist undertones, yet it did not offer an explanation of the idea of racial domination.
		When applied on the field of contemporary politics Gumplowicz's thesis made the German and Magyar races appear as the natural rulers of the vast territories administered by the Habsburgs.
		The presence of Ludwig Gumplowicz and Houston Stewart Chamberlain in cultural centres such as Graz and Vienna played, undoubtedly, an important role in disseminating new ideas about racial thinking and Social Darwinism.
	geschichte-transnational.clio-online.net /rezensionen/type=rezbuecher&id=7230 (1404 words)

	Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz - MASTERMINDS
		Gerty Theresa Cori and her husband Carl Ferdinand worked at the University of Graz before 1922, they discovered the process of glycogen metabolism and in 1947 were awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine.
		Ludwig Gumplowicz, pioneer of sociology researched in Graz for more than 30 years.
		Ludwig Boltzmann published his most essential works in the development of Statistical Physics.
	www.uni-graz.at /en/print/ains2www/ains2www_produkte/ains2www_interessierte/ains2www_geschichte/ains2www_koepfe.htm (227 words)

	The Tribune...Saturday Plus Head
		William James, Henri Bergson and Freidrich Nietzsche had quite unwittingly played an important part in the shaping of later etatist-authoritarian thought, although all the three of them were bitter critics of totalitarianism.
		And ironically, Ludwig Gumplowicz (1838-1909), the philosopher whose doctrines were directly borrowed by Jew-haters like Mussolini, Hitler and the Communists, was actually a Polish Jew!
		To Gumplowicz the notion that man is a free being is absurd.
	www.tribuneindia.com /1999/99nov06/saturday/head1.htm (1543 words)

	The Political Economy of Fear - Mises Institute
		Offered the choice of losing their wealth or losing their lives, they tended to choose the sacrifice of their wealth.
		Conquered people, however, naturally resent their imposed government and the taxation and other insults that it foists on them.
		Ludwig von Mises: "Not mythical material productive forces, but reason and ideas determine the course of human affairs.
	www.mises.org /story/1819 (3379 words)

	POLITICAL SCIENCE
		He was followed in this viewpoint by the philosopher August Comte, author of `Plan of the Scientific Operations Necessary for the Reorganization of Society' (1822).
		Another proponent of the scientific study of government was Ludwig Gumplowicz, a Polish-born professor of sociology in Graz, Austria.
		He studied the nature of groups and concluded that social movements are the result of social interaction, not of individual actions.
	www.teachnologist.com /dap/political_science.htm (966 words)

	Oppenheimer, The State (1922): The Online Library of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		The "sociologic concept of the State," as Ludwig Gumplowicz termed it, is assured of ultimate general acceptance.
		Its opponents are strenuous and persevering, and I once called them "the sociologic root of all evil;" but the concept, none the less, is the basic principle of "bourgeoisie" sociology, and will be found of value in the study, not only of economics and history, but in that of Law and Constitutional History.
		The pathfinder, to whom, before all others, we are indebted for this line of investigation is Professor Ludwig Gumplowicz of Graz, jurist and sociologist, who crowned a brave life by a brave self-chosen death.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/Oppenheimer0359/TheState/0315_Bk.html (16495 words)

	"Manuel Gonzalez Prada", by Harold Eugene Davis
		In his Der Rassenkamph (Race Conflict) Ludwig Gumplowicz says that every important and powerful ethnic element seeks to make serve its ends any weak element found in its radius or which penetrates into it.
		First the Conquerors and then their descendants in the countries of America constituted an ethnic element sufficiently powerful to subjugate and exploit the indigenes.
		To the theory of Gumplowicz should be added a law which has great influence in our way of life-when an individual rises above the level of his social class he usually becomes its worst enemy.
	www.evergreen.loyola.edu /~tward/gp/english/Indians.htm (4282 words)

	Future Positive : Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		On the first point, the Niteckis let stand the assertion that the origins of evolutionary ethics are associated with Herbert Spencer's Social Darwinism [sic].
		In fact, Social Darwinism was a movement fostered by an assortment of lesser minds -- Charles Sumner, Albert Keller, Ludwig Gumplowicz, Gustav Ratzenhofer, Andrew Carnegie and others -- who perpetrated a one-sided caricature of both Darwin's and Spencer's views.
		The Social Darwinist rendering of Darwinism accorded with the radical views of Thomas Henry Huxley -- "Darwin's bulldog" as he was dubbed for his vociferous defenses of Darwin's theory.
	futurepositive.synearth.net /2002/07/14 (3746 words)

	Why Crakow?
		As a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, 19th century Cracow was closely associated with Vienna, the intellectual and artistic avant-garde of the West.
		The famous sociologist Ludwig Gumplowicz was a native of Cracow, and so were anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski and writer Joseph Conrad.
		At the turn of the century, Cracow developed its own branches of Art Nouveau and Expressionism.
	www.newschool.edu /tcds/d&d001.htm (487 words)

	Sociology - Lithuania (Knowledge Base Social Sciences in Eastern Europe)
		Sociology Lectures (Leonas, 1939) analyzed such categories of sociology as social phenomena, social relations, social value, and some more important contradictions of social life like progress and regression, collective and private ownership, freedom and captivity, morals and immorality, and democracy and autocracy.
		Leonas based his investigation of theoretical problems on the concepts of Maxim Kovalevskij, Comte, Maunier, Peter Lavrov, Ludwig Gumplowicz, Sorokin, Spencer, Tönnies, Fouillée, and others.
		His concept of society is related to the methodological principles of evolutionism and neopositivism; the construction of his model of society is based on pluralism, social solidarity, and democracy.
	www.cee-socialscience.net /archive/sociology/lithuania/report1.html?no=no10_37 (9278 words)

	ISAR - Bibliography: A. James Gregor (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		In May 1961, just after the book appeared and before Gregor’s review was published, West German authorities dissolved Hohe Warte under their anti-Nazi statutes.
		Ludwig Winter drew extensively on the work of the Anglo-American psychologist Raymond B. Cattell, who had endorsed Mathilde Ludendorff’s views in his first book, Psychology and Social Progress (London: C.W. Daniel, 1933).
		Gregor subsequently cites his negative judgment of this book as proof that he himself is not a racist.]
	www.ferris.edu /isar/bibliography/gregrbib.htm (9426 words)

	Ludwig Gumplowicz
		He held that social development rose out of conflict, first among races, then among states, then among other social groups.
		Related content from HighBeam Research on: Ludwig Gumplowicz
		Additional search results provided by HighBeam Research, LLC.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/people/A0822161.html (62 words)

	Harry Elmer Barnes: The Place of Albion Woodbury Small in Modern Sociology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-26)
		It was basic in the thought of the "Fathers" from Madison to Calhoun.
		In modern sociology it took its origins from the works of the economists, and from the fundamental work of Ludwig Gumplowicz in his elucidation of the rationale of the Rassenkampf.
		His disciple, Gustav Ratzenhofer, still further elaborated this formula, and Small constructed his system on the basis of his own views and those of Ratzenhofer.
	spartan.ac.brocku.ca /~lward/Barnes/Barnes_1926.html (9944 words)

	Abram Leon: The Jewish Question (1. Scientific study of Jewish history)
		Such classes antedate the state and are the more easily maintained in it because their differences are both anthropological and moral.” Ludwig Gumplowicz, The Outline of Sociology (Philadelphia, 1899), p.134.
		As early as the fifth century before Christ, the Jews of the Diaspora spoke Aramaic.
		It would be interesting to investigate why the Jews in the Slavic countries kept the German dialect (Yiddish) for so long a time.
	www.marxists.org /subject/jewish/leon/ch1.htm (6192 words)

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