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Topic: Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine

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	ludwig iii, grand duke of hesse and by rhine - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Ludwig Iii, Grand Duke Of Hesse And By Rhine
		Hesse and by Rhine, Ludwig III, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, Ludwig III, Grand Duke of
		ernst ludwig, grand duke of hesse and by rhine
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Ludwig-III,-Grand-Duke-of-Hesse-and-by-Rhine (105 words)

	Hesse-Darmstadt
		At the Congress of Vienna, the Grand Duke was forced to cede Westphalia to Prussia, in exchange for which he received a piece of territory on the Left Bank of the Rhine, including the important federal fortress at Mainz.
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main remained outside.
		The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Free State of Hesse.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/he/Hesse_and_the_Rhine.html (371 words)

	Pedigree: Karl Wilhelm Ludwig (Prince) of HESSE AND BY RHINE
		Ludwig IV (Grand Duke) of HESSE AND BY RHINE
		-- Ludwig (Louis) I (Grand Duke) of HESSE AND BY RHINE
		-- Ludwig (Louis) II (Grand Duke) of HESSE AND BY RHINE
	www.fabpedigree.com /s004/f662162.htm (75 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and by Rhine (8 August, 1824 - 8 June, 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia.
		She was born at Darmstadt, the capital of the Grand Duchy, and died at Saint Petersburg.
		Married Princess Elizabeth of Hesse and by Rhine, daughter of Ludwig IV, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Maria_Alexandrovna_of_Hesse-Darmstadt (697 words)

	Alexander Palace Time Machine - Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse
		Ernst Ludwig, destined to be the last Grand Duke of Hesse und bei Rhein, was born in November of 1868.
		He was one of seven children born to the future Grand Duke Ludwig IV and Princess Alice of Great Britain and Ireland, second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert, the Prince Consort.
		In February 1931, the Grand Duke's eldest son, Prince Georg Donatus, married Princess Cecilie, daughter of Prince and Princess Andrew of Greece, sister of Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.
	www.alexanderpalace.org /palace/ErnieHesse.html (3665 words)

	Kingdoms of Germany - Hesse
		The Grand Dukes maintain their status and title as hereditary Dukes of Hesse but with no power or position in the new state.
		Alexander, son of Ludwig II of Hessen-Darmstadt, made a morganatic marriage to Julia of Battenberg, and was effectively barred from acceding to Darmstadt's title.
		In 1960, Ludwig had adopted his distant cousin, Moritz, son of Landgrave Philipp of Hessen-Kassel, and by a family pact (made in 1902) Moritz's still-living father becomes inheritor of the ducal title of Hesse and the Rhine.
	www.kessler-web.co.uk /History/KingListsEurope/GermanyHesse.htm (2961 words)

	Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia at AllExperts
		Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia (17 October, 1853–24 October, 1920), later the Duchess of Edinburgh and then the Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha was a daughter of Alexander II of Russia and his first Empress consort Marie of Hesse.
		The Duchess was born at Tsarskoye Selo, Russia, the second daughter of Alexander II, Emperor and Autocrat of All the Russias (who was assassinated in 1881) and his wife Marie of Hesse and by Rhine, the daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
		Her brother, Grand Duke Serge, was assassinated in Moscow in 1905, and another brother, Grand Duke Paul, was shot in Petrograd in 1919.
	en.allexperts.com /e/g/gr/grand_duchess_maria_alexandrovna_of_russia.htm (834 words)

	ludwig ii, grand duke of hesse and by rhine - Article and Reference from OnPedia.com
		Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (26 December 1777 – 16 June 1848) ruled over the Grand Duchy of Hesse from 1830 until his death.
		By his wife, Wilhelmine of Baden, Ludwig had four surviving children - Grand Duke Ludwig III, Prince Karl, Prince Alexander, and Princess Marie, who became Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia as Marie Alexandrovna.
		ludwig i, grand duke of hesse and by rhine
	www.onpedia.com /encyclopedia/Ludwig-II,-Grand-Duke-of-Hesse-and-by-Rhine (134 words)

	Alexander II of Russia
		Alexander II resolved to try the effect of some moderate liberal reforms in an attempt to quell the revolutionary agitation, and for this purpose he instituted a ukase for creating special commissions, composed of high officials and private personages who should prepare reforms in various branches of the administration.
		She was the legal daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Wilhelmina of Baden, although there was a question of whether the Grand Duke or her mother's lover, Baron August von Senarclens de Grancy, was her actual father.
		On the morning of April 20, 1879, Alexander II was walking towards the Square of the Guards Staff and faced Alexander Soloviev, a 33 year-old former student.
	libraryoflibrary.com /E_n_c_p_d_Alexander_II_of_Russia.html (2813 words)

	Decorations of the Grand Duchy of Hesse
		The Grand Duchy had a 1905 population of 1.21 million, ranking sixth in size in the German Empire after the four kingdoms and the Grand Duchy of Baden.
		The Hesse region had a long military tradition, mainly due to being heavily populated and located in the crossroads of many an army, but disunity kept the Hessians from becoming a major power.
		Troops from Hesse-Darmstadt fought in various campaigns in the Napoleonic Wars and the Grand Duke contributed several regiments to the armies of the German Confederation, the North German Confederation and the Empire.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/hessen.htm (1055 words)

	boys clothing: German royalty--Hesse
		Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine abdicated on November 9, 1918.
		Hesse was estanlished as a separate landgraviate in 1247 by Duchess Sophia, niece of the Thuringian ruler, Henry Raspe.
		The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt (Hesse und bei Rhein) was established by George I, son of Philip the Magnanimous in 1567.
	histclo.com /royal/gers/royal-hesse.htm (787 words)

	boys clothing: German royalty--Hesse-Darmstadt
		Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig (Ernst-Louis) of Hesse and by Rhine abdicated on November 9, 1918.
		The eldest, Louis (1854-), mairred Princess Victoria of Heese, the eledest daughter of Grand Duke Louis IV and Princess Alice.
		Grand Duke Ernst-Ludwig of Hesse and by Rhine acceded to the throne in 1892.
	histclo.com /royal/gers/hesse/rgs-hessed.htm (630 words)

	US Bazaar.com : Encyclopedia Pages : Princess Elisabeth of Hesse
		Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
		Princess Elisabeth of Hesse (Elisabeth Marie Alice Viktoria) (11 March 1895 - 6 November 1903), nicknamed Ella, was the only daughter of Ernst Ludwig, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine and his first wife, Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
		Her early death was rumored to be a result of poison meant for her uncle, Tsar Nicholas II, but the court physician said she died of virulent typhoid.
	encyclopedia.us-bazaar.com /?title=Princess_Elisabeth_of_Hesse (1728 words)

	Ancestors and Family of Marie Alexandrovna Romanov
		Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna of Russia, later Duchess of Edinburgh and Duchess of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (17 October 1853 - 24 October 1920) was the daughter of the Russian tsar who became the wife of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second son of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha.
		From 1893 until her death, she had the distinction of being a Russian grand duchess (by birth), a British royal duchess (by marriage), and the consort (and later widow) of a German sovereign duke (by marriage).
		Her Imperial Highness The Grand Duchess Marie Alexandrovna was born at Tsarskoye Selo, Russia, the only daughter of Alexander II, Tsar and Autocrat of All the Russias (who was assassinated in 1881) and his wife, the Empress Marie Alexandrovna, the daughter of Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by the Rhine.
	nygaard.howards.net /files/4207.htm (804 words)

	Hesse-Darmstadt - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		In 1867, the northern half of the Grand Duchy (Upper Hesse) became a part of the North German Confederation, while the half of the Grand Duchy south of the Main (Starkenburg and Rhenish Hesse) remained outside.
		The last Grand Duke, Ernst Ludwig (a grandson of Queen Victoria and brother to Empress Alexandra of Russia), was forced from his throne at the end of World War I, and the state was renamed the Volksstaat Hessen (People's State of Hesse).
		The part of the state on the left bank of the Rhine (Rhenish Hesse) became part of the Rhineland-Palatinate state.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Hesse-Darmstadt (487 words)

	Prince Alexander of Hesse - Definition, explanation
		The family generally referred to themselves in conversation and writing as simply "Hesse", and the Grand Duchy, restyled in 1816 "Hesse and by Rhine" when it obtained the district of Rhinehesse from Prussia in exchange for territories in northern Hesse itself, continued to be generally referred to as Hesse-Darmstadt.
		They returned to Hesse where his older brother Grand Duke Ludwig III was also displeased by the lowly dynastic status of his brother's wife.
		Prince Alexander of Hesse died in 1888, Princess Julia of Battenberg died at Schloss Heiligenberg in 1895 at the age of 70.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/p/pr/prince_alexander_of_hesse.php (725 words)

	Grand Ducal Standards until c.1903 (Hesse, Germany)
		Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine, Grossherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein
		Ströhl 1897 shows the standard of the grand duke with a ratio of almost exactly 7:10, while the standard for other members of the grand ducal family and the state flag and ensign are shown as 4:5.
		797 (inv 1892) Ernst Ludwig Karl Albrecht Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine [Hesse-Darmstadt] (1868-1937).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/de-he^d1.html (614 words)

	Definition of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine
		Prince Alexander of Hesse and by the Rhine 15 Jul 1823 - 1888.
		They returned to Hesse where his older brother Grand Duke Louis III was also outraged by the lowly dynastic status of his brother's Polish wife.
		Prince Alexander of Hesse died in 1888, Princess Julia of Battenberg, died at Schloss Heiligenberg, near Jugenheim in Germany in 1895 aged 70.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Prince_Alexander_of_Hesse_and_by_Rhine (698 words)

	Son Rhine Bridge
		The four-lane bridge crosses the upper Rhine north of the cities of Ludwigshafen and Mannheim in an east-west direction on the motorway connecting Saarbruecken, Kaiserslautern, Mannheim, and Viernheimer.
		Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine - Ludwig I, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (14 June 1753 â“ 6 April 1830) was the son of Ludwig IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.
		As Ludwig X, he was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1790 to 1806, when he upgraded his title to Grand Duke of Hesse as Ludwig I, and ultimately in 1816 to Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine.
	www.miamibrew.com /Son/Rhine-Bridge.html (1468 words)

	The Former Ruling House of Hesse and the Rhine, 1939-1945
		Johanna, Princess of Hesse and the Rhine (1936-1939).
		Son of Grand Duke Ludwig II of Hesse and the Rhine (1777-1848)
		Alexander, Prince of Hesse and the Rhine (1823-1888)
	gsteinbe.intrasun.tcnj.edu /royalty/houses/hesse-darmstadt.htm (275 words)

	Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse at AllExperts
		Ernest Louis Charles Albert William (de: Ernst Ludwig Karl Albert Wilhelm), (25 November 1868-9 October 1937) was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until his abdication in 1918.
		Ernest Louis was the fourth child and eldest son of Grand Duke Louis IV and Princess Alice of the United Kingdom, daughter of Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.
		He was an older brother to Alexandra of Hesse, consort of Nicholas II of Russia.
	en.allexperts.com /e/e/er/ernest_louis,_grand_duke_of_hesse.htm (870 words)

	Monarchies of Europe - Formerly-reigning monarchs and present-day claimants in Europe
		Moritz, Landgrave of Hesse (Moritz, Titular Elector of Hesse) (1926-)
		Friedrich Franz, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (Friedrich Franz V, Titular Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin) (1910-2001).
		Grand Duchess Maria Wladimirovna of Russia (Maria, Titular Empress and Autocrat of All the Russias) (1953-)
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Monarchies_of_Europe_Former_Reigning.htm (1840 words)

	Battenberg family - Definition, explanation
		Battenberg is the surname and title given to the wife of Prince Alexander of Hesse and by Rhine, Countess Julia von Hauke.
		The orphaned daughter of a Russian Minister of War, Julia von Hauke was considered to be of insufficient rank to have her children qualify for the succession on the throne of the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (Hesse-Darmstadt), hence the marriage was considered morganatic.
		Julia was given the title Countess of Battenberg by her brother-in-law, Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse and the Rhine, in 1851, and was elevated to 'non royal' Princess of Battenberg in 1858.
	www.calsky.com /lexikon/en/txt/b/ba/battenberg_family.php (401 words)

	Hesse and by Rhine (Darmstadt) Royal Family
		See 32.18 - Ludwig was the son of Landgrave Ludwig X of Hesse-Darmstadt (1753-1830) who assumed the title of Grand Duke in 1806 and by the Congress of Vienna was further recognised as the Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine (as Ludwig I).
		The Ducal House of Hesse and by Rhine came to an end on the death of Prince Ludwig.
		Ludwig had previously adopted his distant cousin Landgrave Moritz of Hesse-Cassel in 1960 and by a family pact Landgrave Moritz became Head of all the House of Hesse.
	www.btinternet.com /~allan_raymond/Hesse_Rhine_Royal_Family.htm (1230 words)

	New Orleans Bar Association
		This scintillating tale all begins back in the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine, which was formed in 1806 due to the actions of Napoleon Bonaparte after the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.
		Ludwig II, Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine (1777-1848) was married to Wilhelmina of Baden (1788-1836), but the youngest of Wilhelmina’s seven children were fathered by Baron August von Senarclens de Grancy.
		The big hunt took place on the Grand Duke’s 22nd birthday (January 14, 1872) accompanied by Generals George Armstrong Custer and Phil Sheridan, Buffalo Bill Cody and Chief Spotted Tail of the Brulé tribe (who brought 100 of his best warriors to the event).
	www.neworleansbar.org /Mallards.html (832 words)

	HISTORY OF THE HOUSE OF WITTELSBACH - ROYAL HOUSE OF BAVARIA AND PRINCELY HOUSE OF LÖWENSTEIN (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Ludwig III, Duke of Bavaria (1229-1294), divided his inheritance with his younger brother Henry (1235-1290) but these possessions returned to the senior line on the extinction of Henry’s male line in 1339.
		The achievement is borne on a mantle purpure, fringed and tasselled or, doubled ermine and surmounted by the Royal Crown of Bavaria.
		Their son Ludwig (b 29 Sep 1463; d 28 Mar 1524), legitimated by the subsequent marriage of his parents, was invested with the Lordship of Scharffeneck by Elector Philipp, and received the county of Löwenstein (near Heilbronn, Württemberg) 1488 and Lordship of Abstatt 1490; cr Reichsgraf (Count of the Holy Roman Empire) 27 Feb 1494.
	www.chivalricorders.org /royalty/gotha/bavarhis.htm (1463 words)

	HESSE - Online Information article about HESSE
		Nassau, and Meisenheim of the province of the Rhine.
		Saxony, the Thuringian States, Bavaria, Hesse and the Rhine Province.
		Frankfort-on-Main, parts of the grand-duchy of Hesse, the territory of Homburg and the countship of Hesse-Homburg, together with certain small districts which belonged to Bavaria.
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /HEG_HIG/HESSE.html (2675 words)

	Maria Alexandrovna Information
		Princess Maximilienne Wilhelmine Marie of Hesse and the Rhine (8 August, 1824-8 June, 1880) was a princess of Grand Ducal Hesse and, as Marie Alexandrovna, Empress consort of Alexander II of Russia.
		She was the youngest of seven children born to Wilhelmine of Baden, Grand Duchess of Hesse-Darmstadt (1788 - 1836), the younger four appearing to have been fathered by Baron Auguste Senarclens de Grancy.
		It was during these visits that Marie's son, Grand Duke Serge, first got to know his future wife, Alice's daughter Elisabeth.
	www.bookrags.com /wiki/Maria_Alexandrovna (674 words)

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