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Topic: Ludwig II of Bavaria

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	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Maximilian II of Bavaria
		Maximilian II of Bavaria (November 28, 1811 – March 10, 1864) was king of Bavaria from 1848 until 1864.
		He was son of Ludwig I of Bavaria and Therese of Saxe-Hildburghausen.
		Ludwig (Louis) II, King of Bavaria, Ludwig Friedrich Wilhelm; sometimes known in English as Mad King Ludwig and as the MÃ¤rchenkÃ¶nig (Fairy-tale King) in German.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Maximilian-II-of-Bavaria (1379 words)

	glbtq >> social sciences >> Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig II is better known for his enthusiastic patronage of Richard Wagner and for his fabulous castles than for his conduct of affairs of state.
		Ludwig II of Bavaria was named for his grandfather, King Ludwig I, with whom he shared a birthday, August 25.
		When Ludwig ascended to the throne of Bavaria at the age of eighteen (upon the death of his father, Maximillian II, in 1864), one of his first acts as king was to send for Wagner, for whom he immediately provided a rent-free house and a generous annual stipend.
	www.glbtq.com /social-sciences/ludwig_II.html (872 words)

	King Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig II was born on 25 August 1845, heir to the illustrious Wittelsbach family which at that time ruled Bavaria from its capital, Munich.
		Ludwig's instinct was to try and avoid engagement in such affairs altogether-to the disgust of the public at large, he fled for a time to a solitary retreat at Castle Berg, 15 miles to the southwest of the capital.
		Ludwig and Wagner quarreled in late 1880 over a performance of the Parsifal prelude and did not meet again, though when Wagner died in 1883 Ludwig commanded that every piano in his castles should thereafter be draped in fl as a monument to the composer.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/dadd/1258/LudwigII.html (3275 words)

	Neuschwanstein Castle - Castle - King Ludwig II - Short Biography
		Ludwig II thus continued the patronage tradition of the House of Wittelsbach in grand style.
		Ludwig II was possessed by the idea of a holy kingdom by the Grace of God.
		Ludwig II increasingly identified himself with Parzival, the legendary medieval figure who became Grail King through his purity and faith and thereby redeemed his sin-laden uncle.
	www.neuschwanstein.de /english/castle/ludwig (1128 words)

	Ludwig II and His Castles - The German Way
		Today Ludwig's extravagances such as his fairy-tale (and anachronistic) Neuschwanstein castle and his other castles have become a huge tourist draw and a vital source of income for the state of Bavaria.
		Since Ludwig I was present in the palace at the time of his grandson's birth, it was decided to delay the announcement of the royal child's arrival for an hour, and to enter August 25, 12:28 a.m.
		Though the naive Ludwig long refused to believe the rumors of Wagner's daliances with Cosima von Bülow (the wife of Wagner's concertmaster, and the illegitimate daughter of Franz Liszt), in December 1865 Ludwig was compelled to banish Wagner from Bavaria.
	www.german-way.com /ludwig.html (1000 words)

	The King of Hearts: Ludwig II of Bavaria
		Ludwig was eighteen years old when his father became ill and died after a short illness on March 10th 1864.
		Ludwig was at his newest castle Linderhof when his court secretary made him aware of the gravity of the situation; war between France and Prussia seemed avoidable.
		Ludwig was at Neuschwanstein and was advised to escape across the border to Austria.
	members.tripod.com /~Nevermore/ludwig.html (3883 words)

	Mad King Ludwig
		King Ludwig II of Bavaria was born in Nymphenburg Castle outside Munich in the early hours of August 25, 1845.
		The Queen enjoyed taking Ludwig and his younger brother Otto on lengthy hikes in the nearby alps and it would have been on these occasions that Ludwig developed his love of the mountains and their solitude, as well as his lifelong devotion to the Schwangau region.
		Ludwig and Sophie were seen occupying separate boxes at the theatre, and people remarked that the couple seemed to be lacking a glow.
	www.francesfarmersrevenge.com /stuff/archive/oldnews4/ludwig.htm (1694 words)

	King Ludwig II history from Bavarian Shopping Mall
		Ludwig grow up in a beautiful real estate, called Hohenschwangau, which is located on a wooded hill between two beautiful lakes - the Alpsee Lake and the Swan Lake- and was bought by Ludwig's father, Maximilian II in 1832.
		Ludwig II spent a large part of his Childhood and youth at that place and got so already very early in touch with beautiful architecture and décor.
		Finally, Ludwig II started in the mids of pre-alpine Bavarian countryside between Munich and Salzburg with the construction of a French royalist Versailles style castle, incomplete but nevertheless equipped with the famous 100 yard long hall of mirrors, longer than the one in Versailles.
	www.bavarian-shopping-mall.com /learn_king.htm (948 words)

	Biography of Ludwig II: Ludwig² \| The German Musical about King Ludwig II of Bavaria next to the castle Neuschwanstein (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Ludwig finally had his first opportunity to see Richard Wagner’s opera Tannhäuser at the age of 16, an experience that thrilled and enchanted the young man. By then, his great respect and admiration for Richard Wagner had almost become an obsession.
		Ludwig was also fascinated by advances in technology to the extent that the latest achievements such as telephones and running hot water were always used in his buildings.
		The removal of King Ludwig II from his throne in June of 1886 was due to a psychiatric report released by the then highly-renowned psychiatrist Dr. von Gudden.
	www.ludwig2musical.com /biographie_ludwig_en.html (1816 words)

	The Invisible Basilica: Ludovicus Rex Bavariae
		Ludwig was the last of the German feudal princes: a romantic dreamer who viewed himself as a divinely sanctioned monarch after the model of his hero, Louis XIV, the "Sun King" of France.
		Ludwig was a passionate devotee of Richard Wagner, and his greatest patron.
		Wagner referred to Ludwig as "Parsifal," and indeed, Ludwig seems to have fancied himself to be the Graal King, one of a chain of rulers who knew the inner mysteries of Christianity and their pre-Christian origins, and who drew power therefrom.
	www.hermetic.com /sabazius/ludwig.htm (612 words)

	Historical Data - koenig-ludwig.org
		He was the son of King Maximilian II Joseph and heir to the throne, born on August 25 1845 in Nymphenburg (Munich today).
		On June 9 1886 Ludwig II was declared incompetent based on a medical opinion, after he showed signs of mental illness and because he had ruined the Bavarian State finances with his building fanaticism.
		Ludwig I was born on August 25 1786 in Strassburg as the son of King Maximilian I Joseph.
	www.koenig-ludwig.org /english/historical_data.php (615 words)

	National Geographic Kids August 1996 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		King Ludwig II ruled Bavaria (now part of Germany) for 22 years, until 1886.
		Ludwig was planning two more castles when the German Empire conquered Bavaria.
		Land of lakes, meadows, and storybook castles, Bavaria lies along the edge of the Alps in southeastern Germany.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /ngkids/9608/ludwig/index.html (270 words)

	Decorations of the Kingdom of Bavaria
		In 1180, the Holy Roman Emperor Friedrich II bestowed the Duchy of Bavaria on Otto von Wittelsbach.
		Bavaria was elevated to a kingdom and Elector Maximilian IV Joseph was proclaimed King of Bavaria as Maximilian I. The Bavarian Army joined Napoleon in his disastrous invasion of Russia and thousands of Bavarian soldiers died in the march on and retreat from Moscow.
		King Ludwig II was also a patron of the arts, and was especially close to the composer Richard Wagner.
	home.att.net /~david.danner/militaria/bavaria.htm (1219 words)

	Neuschwanstein Hotels & Events: Biography of King Ludwig II.
		Ludwig II was a great admirer and supporter of Richard Wagner, the »Bayreuther Festspielhaus« theatre was a donation from the King, for example.
		August 22: The representatives of Bavaria conclude the peace treaty with Prussia and a defence alliance saying that in the case of war the Bavarian army will be under the supreme command of Prussia, all this without the guarantees of sovereignty claimed by the king.
		The ministry official Ludwig von Bürkel is installed in the function of royal secretary instead of councellor Lorenz von Düflipp, who already in 1876 pointed to a threatening insolvency of the treasury in face of the many construction programmes of the King.
	www.hohenschwangau.de /455.98.html (1162 words)

	King Ludwig II history from Bavarian Shopping Mall
		Ludwig grow up in a beautiful real estate, called Hohenschwangau, which is located on a wooded hill between two beautiful lakes - the Alpsee Lake and the Swan Lake- and was bought by Ludwig's father, Maximilian II in 1832.
		Ludwig II spent a large part of his Childhood and youth at that place and got so already very early in touch with beautiful architecture and décor.
		Finally, Ludwig II started in the mids of pre-alpine Bavarian countryside between Munich and Salzburg with the construction of a French royalist Versailles style castle, incomplete but nevertheless equipped with the famous 100 yard long hall of mirrors, longer than the one in Versailles.
	www.bashoma.com /learn_king.htm (948 words)

	Everything about King Ludwig the "Märchenkönig" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Born in Nymphenburg Castle, Munich, in 1845, Ludwig II.
		was a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, and became king of Bavaria at the age of 18 after growing up in his parent's castle Hohenschwangau.
		Ludwig was certified insane in his bedroom at Neuschwanstein and, a few days later, on 13 June 1886 he and his physician were found drowned in the Lake Starnberg (Starnberger See).
	www.schwangau.de /en/king_ludwig.html (179 words)

	H-Net Review: Jena M. Gaines on The Mad King: The Life and Times of Ludwig II of Bavaria
		The conventional wisdom about Ludwig II is that he was hopelessly insane, an assumption borne out in the 1970s in an article speculating that syphilis, contracted through homosexual activity, explained Ludwig's increasingly bizarre behavior throughout his adulthood.
		Ludwig was no match for his own ministers, let alone for more adept statesmen, particularly Otto von Bismarck, who maneuvered Ludwig into offering the imperial German crown to the reluctant Kaiser-to-be, King William of Prussia.
		Ludwig's doomed engagement with Elisabeth's younger sister Sophie, the stormy relationship with his idol Richard Wagner (depicted as a mendacious and completely unsavory character), and a string of initially passionate encounters with young men are all treated with an eye to how previous chroniclers of the king's life misinterpreted them.
	www.h-net.msu.edu /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=21852866839682 (760 words)

	H-Net Review: Steven R. Welch on The Swan King: Ludwig II of Bavaria
		McIntosh surveys Ludwig's life with a sympathetic eye; in his preface he even describes himself as a "Ludwigite," although just what this means is never explicitly spelled out (presumably this would entail love of Wagner's music, admiration for Ludwig's "fantasies in stone" and appreciation of Ludwig's elitist and highly romantic aesthetic "vision").
		Ludwig's homosexuality is dealt with frankly, but McIntosh does not reach any firm conclusion on the question of whether Ludwig ever "crossed the threshold from sentimental friendship to physical gratification" (p.
		He detects in Ludwig "a style and panache that are markedly lacking in modern public life" and admires a mind which he judges was "on a quest, sustained by a bright and powerful vision" (p.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=296541094371537 (865 words)

	Ludwig II of Bavaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		King Ludwig II designed and built the Bavarian castle Neuschwanstein, which inspired the design of the Sleeping Beauty Castle at Disneyland; he left a large collection of plans for other castles that were never built.
		Teenaged Ludwig became best friends and possibly the lover of his aide de camp, the handsome aristocrat and actor Paul Maximilian Lamoral of Thurn and Taxis of Bavaria's wealthy Thurn and Taxis family.
		Ludwig also sponsored the premieres of Tristan und Isolde, Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg and, through his financial support of the Bayreuth Festival, those of Der Ring des Nibelungen and Parsifal.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria (2411 words)

	The Swan King: Ludwig II of Bavaria
		A revealing and detailed biography of one of the most enigmatic figures of the nineteenth century Refreshingly accessible and thoroughly researched, this biography captures as never before the story of Ludwig II of Bolivia.
		Ludwig is best remembered for his patronage of Wagner and for the fantasy-like palaces he created.
		The Swan King presents new conclusions on the more uncertain aspects of Ludwig II's life including his homosexuality, his supposed madness, and the mystery of his death.
	www.xmlwriter.net /books/viewbook/The_Swan_King:_Ludwig_II_of_Bavaria-1860648924.html (290 words)

	Ludwig - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Ludwig I of Bavaria, king of Bavaria from 1825 until the 1848 revolutions in the German states
		Ludwig II of Bavaria, king of Bavaria from 1864 until his death
		Ludwig von Koopa, one of the 8 koopalings, and is based on Beethoven.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludwig (154 words)

	Aestheticism Reviews \| Ludwig II v2 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Theme: A beautified account of the mentally tormented King Ludwig II of Bavaria and his multiple affairs with the royal stable master, various other men, and Art.
		Ludwig, on one of his frequent night walks, intervenes just moments before the boy will be strangled to death.
		Ludwig's madness as he struggles with politics; his raving mad brother who grows worse by the day; the affections of those who loves him that he doesn't know how to reciprocate.
	www.aestheticism.com /visitors/manga/kittycorner/ludwig.htm (270 words)

	Amazon.com: Ludwig II of Bavaria: The Swan King: Books: Christopher McIntosh (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		However, the author tends to overlook important issues ie.I was really disappointed when we are told Ludwig toured the western region of Bavaria, but instead of finding out about what he did on the tour(in reflecting his FACTUAL actions),we are drawn back to what Wagner was doing and his importance in Lud's life.
		LUDWIG II WAS ONE OTHE THE MOST COMPLEX AND INTERESTING KINGS OF HIS DAY.
		In March of this year (2000), I was in Bavaria and visited the castles of Ludwig II.
	www.amazon.com /Ludwig-II-Bavaria-Swan-King/dp/1860643140 (1005 words)

	Ludwig (1972) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As each part comes and goes, we are steadily immersed into the world of Ludwig II (Helmut Berger in compelling form once more, as he was in Visconti's The Damned [1969]).
		Ludwig has often been dismissed as "mad", but this film really lets you identify and understand the tormented man's life.
		Not only is this film a fine study of historical events (the 'wars of Unification' in 1866 and 1870-1), but also of art and music (Ludwig's relationship with Wagner and the influence of Wagnerian art on his life), and of Ludwig's own highly-strung personality.
	www.imdb.com /title/tt0068883 (813 words)

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