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Nickel carbonyl

Alfred Mond

	LUDWIG MOND - LoveToKnow Article on LUDWIG MOND (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Gradually, however, the technical difficulties were overcome and success assured, largely as a result of improved methods worked out by Mod for the recovery of the ammonia.
		The resulting compound, nickel carbonyl, which was described to the Chemical Society in 1890, is both formed and decomposed within a very moderate range of temperature, and on this fact he based a successful process for the extraction of nickel from its ores.
		A liberal contributor to the purposes of scientific research, Mond founded in 1896 the Davy-Faraday Research Laboratory in connection with the Royal Institution.
	46.1911encyclopedia.org /M/MO/MOND_LUDWIG.htm (284 words)

	Ludwig Mond - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Dr Ludwig Mond (born March 7, 1839, Kassel; died December 11, 1909, London) was an important German-born British chemist and industrialist.
		Mond attended universities in Marburg and Heidelberg to study chemistry and then came to England in 1862.
		Mond solved some of the problems in the Solvay process that made mass production difficult, and by 1880 he had turned it into a commercially sound process.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ludwig_Mond (191 words)

	MOND, LUDWIG. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mond experimented with alkalies and also developed a producer gas known by his name.
		Mond developed a valuable method known as the Mond process for extracting nickel from its ores by use of this carbonyl.
		In the process, carbon monoxide passing over the crushed and smelted ore containing nickel produces the volatile nickel carbonyl; this is decomposed to yield metallic nickel.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/mo/Mond-Lud.html (105 words)

	Mond (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ludwig Mond was born in Kassel, Germany, and studied chemistry at Marburg under suporvision of Prof.
		In England Mond obtained a position in a chemical works at Widnes, where he elaborated the practical application of a method he had devised for recovering the sulphur lost as calcium sulphide in the fl ash waste of the Leblanc alkali process.
		In 1889, Mond and his assistant Carl Langer described their experiments with a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that attained 6 amps per square foot (measuring the surface area of the electrode) at 0.73 volts.
	chem.ch.huji.ac.il /~eugeniik/history/mond.html (570 words)

	Alfred Mond, 1st Baron Melchett - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Alfred Moritz Mond, 1st Baron Melchett (1868 - 1930) was a British industrialist and politician.
		In 1902, he founded the Mond nickel works at Clydach, Wales, the largest in the world at the time.
		He was Liberal Member of Parliament for Chester 1906-1910, Swansea 1910-23 and for Carmarthen in the period 1924-28 before entering the House of Lords as Baron Melchett in 1928.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Alfred_Mond,_1st_Baron_Melchett (235 words)

	Mond, Ludwig (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mond was born in Kassel and studied chemistry at Marburg and Heidelberg.
		One outcome was the development of the Mond producer gas process, in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are produced by alternately passing air and steam over heated coal or coke (and the hydrogen used to convert nitrogen into ammonia).
		By the early 1900s, Mond's Dudley Port Plant in Staffordshire was using 3 million tonnes of coal each year to make producer gas (Mond gas).
	www.cartage.org.lb /en/themes/Biographies/MainBiographies/M/Mond/1.html (192 words)

	Ludwig Mond -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		During the late 1880s two English chemists, Ludwig Mond and Carl Langer, developed a fuel cell with a longer service life by employing a porous nonconductor to hold the electrolyte.
		The 19th-century German novelist, playwright, and critic Otto Ludwig is best known for his realistic stories, which contributed to the development of the German short narrative form known as the novelle.
		Historian and politician Ludwig Quidde was one of the most prominent German pacifists of the 20th century.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9053328 (671 words)

	Mond ghost town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Ludwig Mond, a German born, British naturalized chemist, was a scientist who made an astonishing discovery - a new method of refining nickel.
		Mond was a peaceful town and no police were ever present.
		Mond's houses were constructed in either log or frame with lap siding.
	www.ghosttownpix.com /ontario/towns/mond.shtml (1158 words)

	The Royal Institution of Great Britain (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mond was a German chemist by background who worked mostly in England and founded some of the precursor companies to ICI such as Brunner-Mond and Mond-Nickel.
		Mond’s work brought him very great wealth, much of which he spent on collecting art (subsequently bequeathed to the National Gallery) and in philanthropic works.
		This bust by Joseph von Kopf pays tribute to Mond’s involvement in the development of scientific research in the Royal Institution.
	www.rigb.org /rimain/heritage/pdatour/mond.jsp (95 words)

	about the club
		Mond, who was a gifted chemist, and Brunner, who had a good head for business, decided to pool their respective talents and financial resources in a commercial enterprise.
		Mond, had become convinced there was a future for an alternative method for the production of the Alkali, sodium carbonate (soda ash) to the method patented by the French scientist, Nicholas Leblanc, in 1791.
		Brunner and Mond became convinced there was a profitable future in store for the Solvay process and began to look for a suitable site to build their soda ash works to employ the Solvay method.
	www.winningtonpark.co.uk /abouttheclub.htm (1941 words)

	Victoria Mines ghost town (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Mond decided to apply the process himself and purchased a number of properties in the Sudbury area.
		Ore was mined and transported from Mond (Victoria Mine) to the roast yard, situated halfway between the mine and the smelter.
		As the Mond deposit was now largely surpassed in production by the Garson Mine, it was thought to be more economical to roast and smelt the ore near its principal source.
	www.ghosttownpix.com /ontario/towns/victoria.shtml (880 words)

	Fuel Cell Technology Showcase - History of Fuel Cells
		As early as 1839, Sir William Grove (often referred to as the "Father of the Fuel Cell") discovered that it may be possible to generate electricity by reversing the electrolysis of water.
		It was not until 1889 that two researchers, Charles Langer and Ludwig Mond, coined the term "fuel cell" as they were trying to engineer the first practical fuel cell using air and coal gas.
		While further attempts were made in the early 1900s to develop fuel cells that could convert coal or carbon into electricity, the advent of the internal combustion engine temporarily quashed any hopes of further development of the fledgling technology.
	www.sae.org /fuelcells/fuelcells-history.htm (317 words)

	The Crescent Trademark, & the Poultry House
		It had long been the tradition that the Crescent Trade Mark of Brunner, Mond and Co. was inspired by the old Poultry House [built by the then owner, Lord Penrhyn] at Winnington Hall.
		This was a semi-circular building which stood where the Research Laboratory did, later, and was considered a local 'wonder' once upon a time.
		An alternative theory was that 'Mond' in German means 'Moon', which may have inspired Ludwig Mond to draw up the design with John Brunner.
	www.geocities.com /fountalnpen/trademark.html (534 words)

	Society of Chemical Industry: SCI Honours
		Amongst the first to offer paid holidays and welfare rights he was way ahead of his time in regarding human capital as the most important resource, and went out of his way to encourage young people to promote contact across the boundaries of discipline, sector and nation.
		The Ludwig Mond Medal recognises excellence and achievement in relation to health, welfare and well-being in the workplace and is open to people anywhere in the world who have demonstrated their commitment to improving the prospects and the quality of life of people practically involved in the sectors governed by SCI.
		The Sir Robert Mond Memorial Trust, which amongst other activities spearheads action on depression, is also to be represented in the selection process.
	www.soci.org /SCI/awards/awardsbook/award.jsp?awardID=AW29 (264 words)

	AllRefer.com - Ludwig Mond (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		AllRefer.com - Ludwig Mond (Chemistry, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		You are here : AllRefer.com > Reference > Encyclopedia > Chemistry, Biographies > Ludwig Mond
		Ludwig Mond 1839–1909, chemist; father of Alfred Moritz Mond.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Mond-Lud.html (224 words)

	AllRefer.com - Mond, Alfred Moritz, 1st Baron Melchett (British And Irish History, Biography) - Encyclopedia
		Mond, Alfred Moritz, 1st Baron Melchett, British And Irish History, Biographies
		Mond, Alfred Moritz, 1st Baron Melchett[mond, mel´chit] Pronunciation Key, 1868–1930, English industrialist and politician; son of Ludwig Mond.
		He played a leading part in the centralization of the English chemical industry; as managing director of his father's firm, Brunner-Mond, he arranged its merger with three smaller companies to form (1926) the huge Imperial Chemical Industries.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/M/Mond-Alf.html (249 words)

	Old Time Trains
		A British company (named for Dr. Ludwig Mond) incorporated in 1902, it had a process for refining nickel ore before it had any ore! It came to the Sudbury area and started the Victoria Mine along with a new smelter and company town located 22 miles west of Sudbury on the CPR Sault Ste.
		Mond also acquired the Worthington mine, a few miles to the west; the Levack mine, about 30 miles to the north of Sudbury, close to the CPR main line; and the Garson mine, to the northeast of Sudbury, served by a spur from the Canadian Northern main line.
		In 1922, American Mond Nickel Company was formed, and a merger with Inco came on January 1, 1929.
	www.trainweb.org /oldtimetrains/sudbury/mond.htm (336 words)

	Soda ash, Solvay style
		But it wasn’t until 1872 when Ludwig Mond licensed the Solvay method that the technology was introduced to the British Isles, the center of world soda ash production thanks to the Leblanc process.
		Mond was born in Kassel, Germany, in 1839, and studied chemistry between 1855 and 1859 under the noted German chemists Hermann Kolbe and Robert Bunsen.
		Later, Mond developed a process for refining nickel ores by treating them with carbon monoxide to form nickel carbonyl, which is easily decomposed to pure nickel.
	pubs.acs.org /subscribe/journals/tcaw/11/i02/html/02chemchron.html (1502 words)

	NG London/Future Exhibitions: Mond Bequest
		Ludwig Mond's Bequest: A Gift to the Nation
		This exhibition will celebrate Ludwig Mond (1840-1909), one of its most important benefactors, and highlight the contribution of private bequests to public art collections.
		The highlights of the Mond Bequest in this exhibition include: Raphael's 'The Crucified Christ with the Virgin Mary, Saints and Angels (The Mond Crucifixion)', Titian's late 'Virgin and Child' and Mantegna's 'Holy Family with Saint John'.
	www.nationalgallery.org.uk /exhibitions/mond_bequest (127 words)

	Remembrance - Biographies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Alfred Moritz Mond, later Sir Alfred Mond, was born at Farnworth in Lancashire in 1868, son of the brilliant German chemist Ludwig Mond, who arrived in England on a cattle boat from Germany in 1862.
		In 1928 he organised the Mond-Turner talks, in an attempt to achieve collaboration between labour and employers after the bitterness of the General Strike in 1926.
		Mond was elevated to the peerage in 1928, taking the title 1st Baron Melchett of Lanford.
	www.veteransagency.mod.uk /remembrance/remembrance_alfredmond.htm (331 words)

	Telegraph \| News
		He said he was considering legal action to reclaim the paintings and claimed at least a dozen should have been returned to the family in the 1920s.
		Mond's pictures were given to the National Gallery on the death of his widow, Frida, in 1923 on condition that they would remain "substantially united".
		This week, 17 of the Mond works were in storerooms while another dozen were in galleries closed except on Wednesdays.
	www.telegraph.co.uk /news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2002/11/06/nart06.xml (473 words)

	Brunner Mond - A Brief History
		The original Brunner Mond and Company was formed in 1873 when John Brunner and Ludwig Mond built Winnington Works at Northwich, Cheshire and produced their first soda ash in 1874.
		In 1926 Brunner Mond merged with three other British chemical companies to form Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), a venture that grew to become one of the world's largest and most successful companies.
		In 1991 Brunner Mond Holdings Limited was formed by the acquisition of the UK and Kenyan soda ash businesses from ICI and the heart of the original Brunner Mond was re-created as an independent company.
	www.brunnermond.com /who/history.htm (229 words)

	[No title]
		Grove described the first experiment in which electricity was generated by supplying hydrogen and oxygen to two platinum electrodes immersed in a dilute sulfuric acid electrolyte solution (Fig.
		Fuel Cell was a term coined in 1889 by Ludwig Mond and Charles Langer.
		He improved on the expensive platinum catalysts employed by Mond and Langer.
	yunus.hun.edu.tr /~yilser/fuelcell.htm (781 words)

	mond ludwig - OneLook Dictionary Search (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "mond ludwig" is defined.
		Mond, Ludwig : Columbia Encyclopedia, Six Edition [home, info]
		MOND, LUDWIG : 1911 edition of the Encyclopedia Britannica [home, info]
	www.onelook.com /?w=mond+ludwig (82 words)

	MUSEUM SECURITY MAILINGLIST REPORTS
		The £500m collection of 43 masterpieces, including works by Raphael, Titian and Botticelli, were donated by Ludwig Mond, a German Jewish émigré, in the 1920s on the condition they remain "substantially united".
		His family say the paintings have become scattered and the gallery may have forfeited its right to them by breaking the terms of the bequest, it was reported last night.
		The family funded half the cost of the Mond Room to house the works of art, though it is now filled with Van Dycks.
	www.museum-security.org /02/136.html (1692 words)

	Gale E. Christianson- Kepler's Somnium: Science Fiction and the Renaissance Scientist
		In 1634, four years after his death, the most provocative and innovative of Johannes Kepler’s works was published by his son Ludwig Kepler, then a candidate for the doctorate in medicine.
		It had been Kepler’s intent to personally supervise the publication of his manuscript and, at the time of his sudden death in 1630, six pages of the document were in type.
		In an attempt to assist his mother during this economic crisis, son Ludwig brought the thin volume to press in 1634.
	www.depauw.edu /sfs/backissues/8/christianson8art.htm (6147 words)

	[No title]
		The Clydach Refinery, affectionately known as the Mond was built by Ludwig Mond the inventor of the nickel carbonyl process at the turn of the 20th century, and started production in 1902.
		The plant was the heart of the village and one of the largest employers in the Swansea valley for many years.
		With improvements in processing and a rationalization of products, the refinery employs over 240 people in the town of 7,250 many of whom are pensioners and most of whom have had some connection with the mond.
	www.inco.com /development/community/profiles/clydach/default.aspx?pf=1 (356 words)

	Ludwig Mond (1839-1909), Chemist and art collector
		Chemist, industrialist and art collector; born in Kassel, Germany, Mond moved to Britain in 1867 and became one of the foremost industrial chemists of his period.
		He developed the mass production of alkali for the textile industry and, later, ammonia, ‘Mond gas’ and nickel.
		He spent part of his large fortune on a collection of early Italian art which he bequeathed to the National Gallery.
	www.npg.org.uk /live/search/person.asp?LinkID=mp03123 (116 words)

	Basic Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-03)
		The gas battery utilized electricity to stimulate the aggregation of hydrogen and oxygen from water and later reversing the process was able to combine gases to produce electricity and H2O.
		Experimenting with hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, chemist Ludwig Mond and assistant Carl Langer were able to generate 6 amps (.73 volts) of energy using electrodes made of thin, perforated platinum.
		Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald – a founder of the field of physical chemistry provided much of the theoretical understanding of how fuel cells operate.
	www.emory.edu /BUSINESS/et/552fall2003/fuelcells/basic_overview.htm (229 words)

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