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Topic: Lugworm

	LUGWORM - WOW !!! All you need to know - right here
		What was never mentioned was any reference to the larger fl lugworm that anglers referred to by various names such as sewie lug, king lug, fl lug, yellow tails, gull worms, gullies, Blackpool fl, runny downs and no doubt some other names.
		I mentioned the differences in the two types of lugworm to various people including a scientist from the British Natural History Museum, the author of a guide to the seashore and even got a comment from the late Mike Clegg from the TV programme “Clegg’s People”.
		All stated that lugworm where very variable and they were just variations of the same species.
	www.whitbyseaanglers.co.uk /lugworm.php (1336 words)

	FSC (Field Studies Council) - Bringing Environmental Understanding to All
		The Lugworm will typically be found living in a U shaped burrow with a faecal cast at one end and a "blow hole" at the other.
		The blow lugworm is a deposit feeder and ingests sand particles from its burrow.
		The Black Lugworm does not leave a feeding depression and its cast is usually smaller and neater than that of the blow lugworm.
	www.theseashore.org.uk /theseashore/SpeciesPages/Lugworms.jpg.html (569 words)

	Arenicola marina, Lugworm at MarineBio.org (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lugworms have a wide distribution in Northwest Europe, and are found all around Britain on middle to lower shore in sand and muddy sand, and in sheltered, estuarine sediments.
		Lugworms have separate sexes with external fertilization and are known as 'broadcast' spawners breeding several times in their life.
		Lugworms are also collected as a commercial commodity and harvesting on a commercial scale leads to a disturbed marine environment and can also cause the death of associated marine animals.
	www.marinebio.com /species.asp?id=57 (0 words)

	TED’S WHERE TO FIS GUIDE
		Baits: Rag and lugworm, peeler crab and mackerel for the LSD's.
		Baits, sandeel and mackerel for whiting and dogfish, and mussel and lugworm for flounder.
		Lugworm and squid are the better baits here in winter, with ragworm and lug favoured for the dad.
	www.tedtuckerman.com /marks.htm (0 words)

	Welcome to Shannon Region-Home Page (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lugworm and fish bait are the usual baits.
		Baits normally used are fish bait, crab and lugworm and early flood and the first three hours of the flood seems to produce the best results.
		Mackerel and lugworm arethe best baits and the optimum period is from half flood to high water.
	www.shannonregiontourism.ie /content.asp?id=308 (0 words)

	[No title]
		Lugworms occur both on the open coast and in sheltered bays and estuaries; the so-called fl lug, gullies, and so-forth, are varieties of the same species
		The common lugworm, whose little spirals of sand are such a conspicuous feature of our beaches, is normally well protected in the U-shaped feeding burrow, where it lies pumping water down through the little sand-filter, which provides its food.
		Lugworms do, however, leave their burrows and would seem to be particularly vulnerable to fish twice a year.
	www.mikeladle.com /chapter2.html (0 words)

	Marine Worms Polychaeta (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lugworms are a favourite of anglers, who dig them up in great numbers.
		Lugworms are the marine equivalent of the earthworms.
		To keep the burrows clear, lugworms are required to reverse up the burrow to the surface to defecate the sand, and so form the cast.
	www.pznow.co.uk /marine/annelida.html (0 words)

	Summary literature review for bait collection
		A near doubling of annual lugworm mortality rate resulted in a gradual and substantial decline of local lugworm stock from more than twice the overall mean at the start of the four year digging period.
		Population parameters of the lugworm Arenicola marina on the tidal flats in the dutch Wadden Sea.
		This is thought to have led to a decline in the lugworm population.
	www.ukmarinesac.org.uk /activities/bait-collection/bc19.htm (0 words)

	Western Regional Fisheries Board : Ireland
		Lugworm and mackerel strip are the most commonly used baits.
		Lugworm can be dug among the rocks and on the strand at Roundstone Bay.
		Lugworm are plentiful and the occasional white ragworm can be found in the sand to the south of the road which runs from Carna to Mweenish Island while crab are quite common around the rock outcrops in the middle of the beach.
	www.wrfb.ie /sea_angling/clifden_to_rossaveal.php (0 words)

	Beach, Shore & pier Fishing - Bait Guide
		They fit the hook perfectly, their smell is very appealing to the fish and they wriggle to attract the attention of a passing target.
		The softer common lugworm is a good all round bait for any of the small species, especially flat fish.
		Lugworm may be kept alive for up to five days wrapped in dry newspaper and kept cool or they may be stored in trays, with a small amount of water, in the refrigerator.
	www.btinternet.com /~kevin.l.j.knight/baits.htm (0 words)

	Case study of bait collection management - Berwickshire and N. Northumberland (England)
		This activity is concentrated in the winter months which is the period of greatest demand for lugworm as angling bait.
		The effect of the agreement on lugworm stocks and bird numbers would be monitored throughout this period, and if bait stocks on Fenham Flats were found to be inferior, part of the Bay would be reopened for a two year trial period.
		Because lugworm densities and worm sizes were significantly lower on the Flats, and this area also a longer journey for most anglers, an experimental bait digging zone in Budle Bay was reopened to bait digging in September 1984, with support from the NFSAS.
	www.ukmarinesac.org.uk /activities/bait-collection/bc11.htm (0 words)

	SEA FISHING ANGLING BAIT BAITS - Peeler Crab Black Lugworm Hermit Crab Razor fish white Ragworm
		Can be found in large numbers in mud or sand There are two main species, 1)- Black Lugworm, A large lugworm which can be great for cod fishing or used out on the boat fishing for larger species.
		2)- The softer common lugworm which is generally another great allround Sea bait for most smaller species, flatfish/sole/pout ect.
		Then squirting some down the key shaped hole this will make the Razorfish clean its burrow in dislike to the concentration of salt, and it is at that point you can carefully pull the Razorfish out, being carefull not to pull it away from the shell.
	www.sea-fishing.org /Sea_Baits.html (556 words)

	Fishing Guernsey - Baits - Lugworm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lugworm are possibly the easiest worms to collect in Guernsey.
		Their burrows can be easily recognised by the distinctive casts left on the surface of the sand after they have excavated their burrows.
		After collection, the worms should be rinsed of any excess sand and stored on several layers or slightly damp newspaper, in a cool dark place.
	www.fishing-guernsey.co.uk /Baits/baits.asp?BaitType='Lugworm' (0 words)

	lugworm - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Find newspaper and magazine articles plus images and maps related to "lugworm" at HighBeam.
		Revival beside the seaside: The lugworm that could turn the fortunes of a faded resort.(News)
		Warm wet weather has increased risk of lugworm; INFECTION: Failing to vaccinate young stock has lowered immunity in the national herd.(News)
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-x-lugworm.html (0 words)

	Baits for the sea angler - Saltwater Angling in Ireland
		Abundant in estuaries and on most sheltered beaches throughout the country, the presence of lugworm is recognised by the spaghetti-like spiral of sand which they leave on the foreshore at low tide.
		Lugworm are normally associated with fishing for flounder, wrasse, dabs, etc. from the shore, but they are also very effective in attracting codling and whiting while inshore boat fishing.
		White Ragworm or Herringbone Rag are common, frequenting many lugworm beds and being particularly effective when used in conjunction with other baits such as lugworm or mackerel strip.
	www.cfb.ie /fishing_in_ireland/sea/sbaits.htm (0 words)

	Aquascope\|Facts\|Lugworm\|More facts 2
		Lugworms lie dug down in the sand within a U-shaped pipe.
		Compared to a common mussel of the same weight, the lugworm has the ability to pump (if continual) about a tenth of the amount of water.
		The lugworm is often used as fishing bait.
	www.vattenkikaren.gu.se /fakta/arter/polychae/arenmari/arenma2e.html (0 words)

	LUGWORM BIOTURBATION AFFECTS CADMIUM WATER/SEDIMENT TRANSFER AND DISTRIBUTION (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Effects of bioturbation by the lugworm Arenicola marina on transfer of Cd from water to sediment or from sediment to water, and on the spatial distribution of Cd in sediment were studied using laboratory sediment cores and 109-Cd.
		The lugworm irrigation and particle mixing resulted in bimodal sediment distribution patterns of Cd with peaks at the top and at the site of the worms, while all Cd was deposited in the top few mm sediment in cores without worms.
		When Cd was uniformly mixed with sediment before core setup or added as a thin layer to the top of cores, the net rate of Cd transfer from sediment to water was about 2,5-3,5 times lower when worms were present, indicating that irrigation processes strongly favours sediment binding of Cd.
	aslo.org /santafe99/abstracts/SS30FR1145S.html (0 words)

	Inter Research » MEPS » v303 » p195-212
		A 3-dimensional finite element model encompasses the lugworm’s J-shaped burrow and represents a typical lugworm territory at in situ density.
		We simulated the associated flow patterns in the sediment and analysed the factors that influence the lugworm’s ventilation rate.
		Since the lugworm’s oxygen supply critically depends on the burrow ventilation rate, we advance the following 2 ecological hypotheses: (1) decreasing the permeability of the burrow lining greatly increases the efficiency of oxygen supply, as it prevents the re-entry of anoxic pore water; and (2) the permeability of the bulk sediment constrains the lugworm’s habitat.
	www.int-res.com /abstracts/meps/v303/p195-212 (0 words)

	Excretion of thiosulphate, the main detoxification product of sulphide, by the lugworm arenicola marina L -- Hauschild ... (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Excretion of thiosulphate, the main detoxification product of sulphide, by the lugworm arenicola marina L -- Hauschild et al.
		of the lugworm is a leaky tissue in which mainly paracellular transport
		lugworms, thiosulphate levels in the coelomic fluid and body wall tissue
	jeb.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/202/7/855 (0 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The authors investigated the effects of lugworm bioturbation on the fate of Cd added either to a thin layer at the sediment surface or homogeneously mixed throughout the sediment.
		In both situations, the Cd release to the overlying water was highest when lugworms were not present, most likely because bioturbation transported Cd-contaminated sediment away from the sediment surface.
		The distribution of Cd in lugworms depended on the Cd exposure situation and suggested that worms were exposed mainly to water-borne Cd when Cd was added to the top of the sediment, whereas worms were exposed mainly by ingesting Cd-labeled sediment when Cd was mixed homogeneously throughout the sediment.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=20075819 (0 words)

	North East fish some day you might catch
		Although has a reputation for swallowing anything it sees, lugworm, ragworm, peeler and mussel reign as the top baits.
		Lugworm, ragworm, mussel, squid, peeler, sandeel, mackerel, herring, just about anything really.
		Lugworm, ragworm, peeler, mackerel, herring strips, not a fussy feeder but keep bait small.
	www.geocities.com /tony2kuk/fishdesc.html (0 words)

	This is The North East \| CommuniGate \| FISH-BAIT AND RIGS
		Although has a reputation for swallowing anything it sees, lugworm, rag worm, peeler and mussel reign as the top baits.
		You find that lugworm, rag worm, mussel, squid, peeler, sand eel, mackerel, herring or just about anything will catch whiting.
		Lugworm, rag worm, peeler, mackerel, herring strips, not a fussy feeder but keep your bait small.
	www.communigate.co.uk /ne/ssai/page2.phtml (0 words)

	Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI)
		In the Wadden Sea, the lugworm Arenicola marina is a dominant member of the zoobenthos and an important bioturbator
		A medium scale, permanent lugworm exclusion experiment is conducted to quantify direct and indirect effects of this polychaete on habitat properties and benthic community structure.
		The aim of the study is to highlight the key role of Arenicola marina as an 'ecosystem enginneer' in the benthic intertidal ecosystem of the Wadden Sea.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Benthic/CoastalEco/population_ecology/PE_bioengineering.html (0 words)

	Anaerobiosis and sulphobiosis in the lugworm, Arenicola marina L. (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Anaerobiosis and sulphobiosis in the lugworm, Arenicola marina L. Anaerobiosis and sulphobiosis in the lugworm, Arenicola marina L. Manfred K. Grieshaber, Kerstin Hauschild, Angela Sommer and Susanne Völkel
		O2, mmol.h1.g1w.wt), formation of thiosulphate and onset of anaerobiosis as determined by an increase in steady-state levels of succinate at various ambient partial pressures of oxygen (PO2) and different ambient sulphide concentrations were measured in the lugworm Arenicola marina.
		In muscle tissue steady-state concentrations of succinate are increased in the presence of 200 mmol.l1 sulphide even at normoxic ambient oxygen levels indicating the occurrence of anaerobiosis in lugworms.
	www.imbc.gr /imbc/biblio_serv/embs/X0045_17.html (0 words)

	Amazon.com: lugworm (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lugworm homeward bound: Greece to England in an open dinghy by Ken Duxbury (Unknown Binding - 1975)
		LUGWORM HOMEWARD BOUND: GREECE TO ENGLAND IN AN OPEN DINGHY.
		segmented animals are annelids (earthworms, lugworms, ragworms and tubeworms) and arthropods...
	www.amazon.com /s?ie=UTF8&keywords=lugworm&tag=dragoncon&index=blended&link_code=qs&page=1 (0 words)

	Stephanie Wohlgemuth
		M.K. Grieshaber): "Ventilation of the lugworm Arenicola marina in sulfidic seawater"
		(2000) Ventilatory and metabolic responses to hypoxia and sulfide in the lugworm Arenicola marina (L.).
		(1995) Ventilatory responses to sulfide in the lugworm Arenicola marina.
	www.zoo.ufl.edu /julian/Steffi.html (0 words)

	Total-Fishing.com
		Black lugworm is the top bait, closely followed by frozen peeler crab and white ragworm.
		The most successful baits are lugworm or peeler crab tipped with a big chunk of mackerel.
		During the winter, however, worm baits are effective, with fl lugworm, harbour ragworm and white ragworm accounting for most of the fish landed.
	www.total-fishing.com /FisheriesView.asp?ID=70A4FB77CB2C441AAF5386594118AD72 (0 words)

	Lugworm
		The Lugworm, Arenicola marina, is extremely common around the British coastline, with most books on seashore life describing these animals in great detail.
		Sea anglers however, have known for many years that Lugworms do not all behave in the same way, they look different, have different habitats and casts and certainly appears to be more than a single species.
		At least a further two species of lugworms are also found in sediments amongst rocky areas around Britain.
	www.glaucus.org.uk /lugs.htm (874 words)

	BBC - Stoke & Staffordshire - Entertainment - Lugworm - Viewer’s film
		Adam Fenwick sent in his animation about a boy chasing a Lugworm through the sand.
		The Lugworm is a short animation by Adam Fenwick from Staffordshire University.
		It's about one young boy's adventure at the beach when he tries to chase a lugworm through the sand.
	www.bbc.co.uk /stoke/content/articles/2006/05/02/local_tv_viewers_film_lugworm_0406_feature.shtml (0 words)

	SmartBait Black Lugworm Bait
		The SmartBait LugWorm Sea Sticks are food source strips which are segmented allowing you to fish an entire strip or tip other baits using a single segment.
		The baits fibrous structure means they stay on the hook throughout distance casting and last a long time on the hook emitting their powerful attractants.
		You can cut the baits to almost any shape to change bait presentation and can be used from a boat, the shore or a pier.
	www.seafishingsupplies.co.uk /product_info.php?products_id=381 (0 words)

	Allakhazam.com: Final Fantasy XI: Item: Lugworm
		I can say with fair certainty that lugworms are good for catching sardines.
		Lugworms are ideal for fishing in Quifim Ice Pond with skill in low/mid 20s.
		i think lugworms are primarily for small fish.
	ffxi.allakhazam.com /db/item.html?fitem=2133 (447 words)

	Thanhnien News
		Booming overseas demand for sam dat has sent locals in a coastal commune in Mekong Delta Ben Tre province scrambling to dig up the lugworm, devastating protected forests.
		Sam dat, (Sipunculus nudus), a 2-6cm lugworm, normally burrows in plant roots and is found in abundance in Thanh Phu commune.
		Hundreds of residents have been combing the protected Thanh Phong forest in recent months for the invertebrate and trading them to wholesalers who then sell it to their Chinese counterparts, reportedly for cooking and enhancing sexual activity.
	www.thanhniennews.com /print.php?catid=10&newsid=13572 (0 words)

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