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	- Classical Music Dictionary - Free MP3
		Lully was born at Florence, on 28 November 1632 and died in Paris, on 22 March 1687.
		Lully obtained release from her service and on the death of his friend Lazzarini, in 1653, was appointed Louis XIV's compositeur de la musique instrumentale.
		Lully's music was correspondingly elevated, in the stately overtures, the carefully moulded "récitatif simple" and the statuesque choruses; many of the airs, too, draw as much attention to the galant mores of the court as to the stage action.
	www.karadar.it /Dictionary/lully.html (449 words)

	HOASM: Jean-Baptiste Lully
		A cabal attempted to dislodge Quinault in 1674, and the poet was banished from 1677 until 1680 for an ungracious portrayal of the king's mistress, Mme.
		Lully himself was the target both of attacks by La Fontaine and Boileau and of criticism in the Mercure galant and was involved in legal proceedings in 1675-77 over an alleged murder conspiracy led by Guichard.
		Lully's pupils included Pelham Humfrey, Georg Muffat, J. Kusser, and J. Fischer, who carried the French orchestral style to England, Germany, and the rest of Europe.
	www.hoasm.org /VIIB/Lully.html (772 words)

	glbtq >> arts >> Lully, Jean-Baptiste
		Lully was ruthless in his pursuit of power and used his influence with the king to eliminate potential rivals through the establishment of monopolies over stage music.
		However, Lully's influence with the king evaporated in 1685 when he was involved in a scandal that the king could not ignore.
		Lully is said to have died by stabbing himself in the foot with a cane with which he was beating time at a rehearsal.
	www.glbtq.com /arts/lully_jb.html (746 words)

	GOLDBERG: Lully, Jean-BaptisteLully, Jean-BaptisteLully, Jean-Baptiste
		Lully believes it is necessary to devise a new musical language where sung action is in accord with poetry and music.
		Lully’s orchestra is famous for the impecable bow movement and precise rhythms which lighten the mass of sound written in five parts.
		Lully generally uses the chorus at the end of acts for the great ensembles of triumph, the apparitions of gods in dènouements, where they combine with the dance.
	www.goldbergweb.com /en/magazine/composers/1998/06/353_print.php (5264 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Born in Florence, either the son of a miller or a horsback rider as Lully himself claimed (which if the case would render him di Lulli or de Lully), Lully had little education, musical or otherwise, but he had a natural talent to play the guitar and violin and to dance.
		In 1681 Lully was appointed as a court secretary to Louis XIV and was ennobled, after which he wrote his name "Jean-Baptiste de Lully" and was addressed as "Monsieur de Lully".
		Lully can be considered the founder of French opera, having foresaken the Italian method of dividing musical numbers into separate recitatives and arias, choosing instead to combine the two for dramatic effect.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Jean_Baptiste_Lully (1039 words)

	GOLDBERG: Lully, Jean-BaptisteLully, Jean-BaptisteLully, Jean-Baptiste (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lully believes it is necessary to devise a new musical language where sung action is in accord with poetry and music.
		Lully’s orchestra is famous for the impecable bow movement and precise rhythms which lighten the mass of sound written in five parts.
		Lully generally uses the chorus at the end of acts for the great ensembles of triumph, the apparitions of gods in dènouements, where they combine with the dance.
	goldbergweb.com /en/magazine/composers/1998/06/353_print.php (5264 words)

	Lully - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lully, Jean Baptiste (1632-1687), French composer, who established opera in France.
		Lully was one of the first scholars in...
		In the 18th century the librettos of Pietro Metastasio of Italy were set hundreds of times by many composers.
	ca.encarta.msn.com /Lully.html (57 words)

	Louis XIV - The Sun King
		Lully once said of himself that he had "never learnt more about music than he had known at the age of 17 but that he had worked all of his life to perfect this knowledge" (Anthony 1980, 314).
		Lully quickly advanced this group beyond the achievements of the 24 violons du Roi, began experimenting with new methods of performance practices and changes in basic stylistic features in orchestral music.
		Lully’s early career in court music was focused on the genre of ballet.
	www.louis-xiv.de /index.php?t=art&a=music (1157 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lully
		Lully was a man of insatiable ambition whose rise from violinist in Louis XIV's court band was meteoric and was accomplished by brazen and merciless intrigue.
		Lully established the form of the French overture and abandoned the recitativo secco style favoured by the Italians.
		Among Lully's other works are several sacred compositions, including the famous Miserere and 17 motets; dances for various instruments; suites for trumpets and strings, a form that became very popular in England during the Stuart Restoration (from 1660); and the Suites de Symphonies et Trios.
	members.tripod.com /versailles4/id48.htm (1354 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lully
		At her court in the Tuileries Lully got to know the best in French music and, despite his patroness's dislike of Mazarin and her involvement in the Fronde, he was no stranger to Italian music either.
		During this time Lully continued to enjoy the king's support, despite Louis' displeasure at his overt homosexual behaviour and the resentment his high-handedness provoked in other musicians.
		At his death Lully was widely regarded as the most representative of French composers.
	w3.rz-berlin.mpg.de /cmp/lully.html (544 words)

	J.B. Lully biography - 8notes.com
		Jean-Baptiste Lully, originally Giovanni Battista Lulli (November 28, 1632–March 22, 1687), was an Italian-born French composer, who spent most of his life working in the court of Louis XIV of France.
		On January 8, 1687, Lully was conducting a Te Deum in honor of Louis XIV's recent recovery from illness.
		Lully enjoyed the friendship of Molière, and with Molière created a new music form the comédie-ballet which combined theater, comedy, and ballet.
	www.8notes.com /biographies/lully.asp (962 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-87)
		Giovanni Battista Lulli was born in Florence but came to live in France when he was just eight years old.
		He was a Court musician and dancer from the age of twenty and in 1664 he began a long professional association with Molière, writing the music to
		Lully and Molière would continue to work together until 1671, their last collaborative work being the tragic ballet,
	www.site-moliere.com /ressources/lully.htm (259 words)

	CLASSICAL MUSIC ARCHIVES: Biography of Jean-Baptiste Lully
		Find the music of Jean-Baptiste Lully in the Archives.
		Lully, Jean-Baptiste [Lulli, Giovanni Battista] (b Florence, 1632; d Paris, 1687).
		opera, the last and most famous being Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme, in which Lully danced role of the Mufti.
	www.classicalarchives.com /bios/codm/lully.html (422 words)

	UNT Libraries: Music Library, Jean-Baptiste Lully Collection, Welcome (Site not responding. Last check: )
		This Website was conceived in 1996 both as a multimedia thematic catalog of the UNT Music Library's collection of early editions of operas and ballets by the French Baroque composer Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632-1687), and as a nucleus for collecting information useful to anyone studying those works.
		With the assistance of a grant from TexShare, we have since scanned the scores and present here full-text versions of all of the volumes in the collection.
		In his position service to Louis XIV, Jean-Baptiste Lully played a significant role in the development of French opera.
	www.library.unt.edu /music/lully (450 words)

	Some Dramatic Works of Lully
		Lully was born in Florence on November 28, 1632, the son of a miller.
		Lully was employed in the triple capacity of baladin (ballet dancer), composer of ballets, and violinist in the king's orchestra.
		Lully seized this opportunity to write the ballets, which were presumably to serve as interludes in the opera, but wrote such elaborate ones that he stole the show from Cavalli, thereby confirming his own ability and putting Cavalli at a disadvantage.
	www.lib.rochester.edu /index.cfm?PAGE=3429 (2624 words)

	Lully and the Death of Cambert
		Lully was not able, either by his writ of naturalization from Louis XIV or the changed spelling of his name, to convince the people of Paris that he had, "in spite of all temptations to belong to other nations," become a true Frenchman.
		Lully always attributed the idea to the king, and it would certainly have been consistent with the king's belief that each important task of the nation, whether political or cultural, should be exclusively committed to trusted hands.
		The "crime" of which Lully is most clearly accused is that of having driven Cambert into exile by unfair competition, and in Sénéce's view, this crime also entails moral responsibility for Cambert's death in exile, regardless of the identity of the actual assailant.
	tarlton.law.utexas.edu /lpop/etext/lsf/29-2/lully.html (4669 words)

	Music Essays - Lully - The Musician
		Lully was so sure of his collaborator's aptitude in understanding him and of his docility in following him that in certain cases he wrote his music before he had seen the poem.
		Lully was not only a composer; he was also director of the Opéra, conductor of the orchestra, stage manager, and director of the schools of music whence the cast was recruited.
		Lully's opera was a school of declamation and dramatic action, and in that school he himself was master.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles18/music-3.shtml (4988 words)

	Highbeam Encyclopedia - Search Results for Lully,
		Lully was an early influence on the development of French opera.
		English Raymond Lully (born 1232/33, Ciutat de Majorca, Majorca—died 1315/16, Tunis or near Majorca) Spanish (Catalan) mystic, poet, and missionary.
		A type of circle dance characterized by lively, skipping steps, it was introduced at the court of Louis XIV and was used by Lully in his ballets and operas and by François Couperin and J. Bach in their keyboard suites.
	www.encyclopedia.com /SearchResults.aspx?Q=Lully, (761 words)

	Jean Baptiste Lully Biography \| Encyclopedia of World Biography
		Jean Baptiste Lully was born in or near Florence on Nov. 28, 1632.
		Lully's main achievement, however, was his composition of 14 operas between 1673 and 1687.
		Lully cannot strictly be called the creator of French opera, since other French composers had already written a few operas.
	www.bookrags.com /biography/jean-baptiste-lully (732 words)

	Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music \| Vol. 11 No. 1 \| Rose Pruiksma Lully Studies.
		In the intervening years, a new complete-works edition of Lully was begun, at least three new Lully biographies appeared in French, and two more major collections of essays were published, underscoring the vitality of the field and the wealth of sources, resources, and scholarly approaches to the material.
		Lully’s regulatory reach did not extend to the private theaters of the nobility, nor could he afford to move overtly against those supported by some of the highest-ranking nobles at court.
		Her investigation of Lully’s phrase structures demonstrates that even the phrasing of the minuet was subject to the composer’s fancy; a minuet by Lully could as easily have five- or seven-bar phrases as four or six.
	sscm-jscm.press.uiuc.edu /v11/no1/pruiksma.html (1711 words)

	Jean-Baptiste Lully: Biography - Classic Cat
		Born in Florence, either the son of a miller or a nobleman as Lully himself claimed (which if the case would render him di Lulli or de Lully), Lully had little education, musical or otherwise, but he had a natural talent to play the guitar and violin and to dance.
		In 1681 Lully was appointed as a court secretary to Louis XIV and was ennobled, after which he wrote his name "Jean-Baptiste de Lully" and was addressed as "Monsieur de Lully".
		Lully can be considered the founder of French opera, having foresaken the Italian method of dividing musical numbers into separate recitatives and arias, choosing instead to combine the two for dramatic effect.
	www.classiccat.net /lully_jb/biography.htm (1076 words)

	Raymond Lully - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Lully was one of the first scholars in...
		Lully, Jean Baptiste (1632-1687), French composer, who established opera in France.
		Ceulemans, Raymond, born in 1937, Belgian billiards player, one of the greatest all-around players in history.
	encarta.msn.com /Raymond_Lully.html (95 words)

	Journal of Seventeenth-Century Music \| Vol. 10 No. 1 \| Lois Rosow: Lully's Musical Architecture: Act IV of Persée
		Lully in turn ends Phinée’s air on a Picardy third, in order to make a transition from G minor to C minor, and then has Phinée end his participation in this scene (and act) on a half-cadence in the new key, with immediate resolution by the entering characters—who, moreover, enter singing, without instrumental prelude.
		Lully’s chorus members (intermingled with silent but visually integrated dancers) perhaps made this move themselves—to be sure, a simple action, and one not attempted while singing.
		Lully and Quinault did make exceptions to the rule—in particular, Thésée, Acts III and IV, where the changes of scenery, brought about by magic, occur during the acts rather than at their beginnings; and Armide, Act IV, where the setting is the same as that of Act III but undergoes a supernatural change in appearance.
	sscm-jscm.press.uiuc.edu /v10/no1/rosow.html (6153 words)

	LULLY L'ORCHESTRE DU ROI SOLEIL: Classical CD Reviews-Feb 2000 Music on the Web(UK) (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Lully was Italian by birth, temperament and training (despite his arrival in Paris at an early age) but French by adoption and he assimilated the artistic tastes and ideas of his second homeland.
		Lully, the Italian, was to breathe fresh air into it, giving it greater vigour and technical precision and above all new horizons.
		Thus Lully had an incredibly rich sound palette to work with: as many strings as he could wish for, virtuoso flautists, the full range of oboes, all manner of percussion instruments, the brass section, keyboard instruments, lutes, theorboes and guitars.
	www.musicweb.uk.net /classrev/2000/feb00/lully.htm (563 words)

	Klassische Musik - Classical Music Dictionary
		Lully a 13 anni fu condotto a Parigi, dove fu cameriere personale di M.lle de Montpensier, alla corte della quale ebbe modo di apprendere l’arte del bouffon, e di studiare il violino.
		Nelle opere successive Lully iniziò a proporre quelle che erano le sue idee in fatto di opera e di estetica musicale in genere; per esempio, l’uso dello stile sillabico, l’uso della chanson, e molti altri elementi stilistici tipicamente francesi.
		Da quell’anno in poi, Lully realizzò una tragèdie-lyrique all’anno, fissando via via tutti gli elementi caratteristici della sua nuova produzione: l’ouverture (grave-allegro, fugato, da capo l’allegro), un prologo, e poi cinque atti; sul corpo portante della pastorale, composta di allegorie, entrèes, arie e danze, innestò dei severi recitativi sillabici, sul tipo del recitar-cantando fiorentino.
	www.karadar.com /Dizionario/lully.html (345 words)

	The Magus, Book II: Biographia Antiqua: Raymond Lully
		He was born in the island of Majorca, in the year 1225, of a family of the first distinction, though he did not assume his chymical character till towards the latter part of his life.
		Lully, himself, beside what he wrote in the scholastic way, has a good many volumes wrote after his conversion: 'tis difficult to say how many; for it was a common practice with his disciples and followers to usher in their performances under their master's name.
		Lully, like a generous gallant, immediately resolved on a voyage to Mauritania, where Geber had lived, to seek some relief for his mistress.
	www.sacred-texts.com /grim/magus/ma265.htm (480 words)

	Guitar under Lully, Gerard Rebours interview by E. Benson
		And, of course, Lully was one of the composers whose music was most arranged, in tablature or otherwise.
		And when there were other parts inside these two lines, Lully had not always written them himself, but often gave the job to his assistants, such as Colasse who even wrote whole pieces for the opera Achille and Polixene, as Lully died before completing it.
		Thomas Mace, once again, in Lully's time, advocated fingertip playing for the''mellowness'' it gives to the lute sound, but he admitted that nails were more fitted to ensemble playing ; and said that some maintained it was the best way to play.
	g.rebours.free.fr /6E/6.Guitar_under_Lully.html (4634 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: )
		On retrouve Lully au ballet de la cour où il compose et danse avec Louis XIV qui le soutiendra toute sa vie.
		Lully va transcrire la déclamation tragique de l’époque, qui lui était devenue familière, vu son travail avec Molière et Corneille.
		Lully a étoffé l’orchestre habituel: il a réuni parfois jusqu’à 50 archets, 6 flûtes, 4 hautbois, 8 à 9 trompettes, trombones et timbales.
	membres.lycos.fr /musiqueclassique/lully.htm (490 words)

	Lully, Jean-Baptiste: Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1653, after his education with Roberday and Gigault, Lully was employed by the "Sun King," Louis XIV, as composer to that illustrious court.
		Lully was director of Paris's Académie royale de musique, in which position he exerted a tremendous influence upon opera in France.
		In addition, Lully composed ballets, sacred vocal pieces, and incidental music for the theater.
	jan.ucc.nau.edu /~tas3/lully.html (95 words)

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