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	Nervous System Disorders - Lumbar Disc Disease (Herniated Disc)
		Lumbar disc disease occurs in the lumbar area of the spine.
		The vertebral bodies are numbered from 1 to 5 in the lumbar spine and the discs are located between two of the vertebral bodies and are numbered accordingly (such as a disc at L2-3, or between the lumbar discs numbered 2 and 3).
		Lumbar disc disease is due to a change in the structure of the normal disc.
	uuhsc.utah.edu /healthinfo/adult/neuro/hdisc.htm (824 words)

	Black Disc Disease: A Commentary
		Lumbar DDD is manifest clinically by a spectrum of disorders, including disc extrusion with or without migrated fragment, disc protrusion, (central, paracentral, intraforaminal, or far-lateral) disc bulge, and internal disc disruption.
		Although disc disease is well recognized in teenagers and even younger children, the childhood syndrome is one of disc herniation at a single or multiple levels.
		Crock HV: A reappraisal of interverebral disc lesions.
	www.ncpainmanagement.com /BlackDiscDisease.htm (2822 words)

	UCLA NEUROSURGERY \| Spinal Disorders & Diseases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The failure of the disc to act as a cushion can cause instability and mechanical low back pain upon weight bearing such as sitting, standing, and walking, that is improved by reclining or laying down.
		The intervertebral discs are cartilaginous plates surrounded by a fibrous enclosure which lie between the vertebral bodies and serve to cushion the spine.
		The symptoms of a herniated lumbar disc are dependent upon the nerve roots that are compressed.
	neurosurgery.ucla.edu /Diagnoses/Spinal/SpinalDis_3.html (852 words)

	Lumbar degenerative disc disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Disc degeneration present on an MRI scan is not synonymous with a diagnosis of degenerative disc disease and low back pain.
		Degenerative disc disease is for the most part a non-crippling, non-progressive type of condition, although in a minority of cases it can be cause severe back pain and can significantly impact on an individual’s ability to function.
		Pain from degenerative disc disease is caused by instability at the motion segment and inflammation from the degenerated discs.
	members.aol.com /alfragamus/DegenDisc.htm (5281 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease: The Natural History
		Although lumbar disc disease may well be a cause of low-back pain, it is important to note that disc degeneration can occur in the absence of back pain or any other symptoms.
		The presence of disc degeneration and the presence or absence of low-back pain may be considered analogous to the occurrence of gallstones and abdominal pain.
		Overall, a persistent herniated disc was found in 37%, and the incidence of persistent herniation was similar in patients treated with chymopapain, surgery, or saline injection.
	www.sanjoaquinhospital.org /education/cme/lumbardiscdiseasearticle.html (2740 words)

	Lumbar degenerative disc disease
		Lumbar degenerative disc disease usually starts with a torsional (twisting) injury to the lower back, such as when a person rotates to put something on a shelf or swing a golf club.
		Despite its rather dramatic label, degenerative disc disease is fairly common, and it is estimated that at least 30% of people aged 30-50 years old will have some degree of disc space degeneration, although not all will have pain or ever receive a formal diagnosis.
		Disc degeneration is actually quite common among people who have no pain or other symptoms, so the patient’s history and physical examination are an essential part of the diagnosis.
	www.spine-health.com /topics/cd/overview/lumbar/young/degen01.html (1318 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease
		Lumbar disc disease is characterized by a bulge or rupture of the disc material into the spinal canal, which causes abnormal pressure on the nerve at that level, leading to symptoms in the back and one leg or foot.
		Disc disease frequently starts with degeneration of the disc material, causing a loss of vertebral body height, and placing more stress on the already weakened disc material.
		Because the front and back of the disc space are reinforced by ligaments, most protrusions occur to either side and press on the nerve instead of the spinal cord, which is why symptoms mainly occur in only one leg.
	www.healthsystem.virginia.edu /internet/neurosurgery/sections/ldisc.cfm (358 words)

	Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		It is important to recognize that disc degeneration and dehydration is a normal process of aging and this is typically not painful.
		Degenerative Disc Disease is a pathological condition that is a commonly recognized cause of both acute and chronic LBP in people between the ages of 30 and 50.
		The disc space is distracted to accommodate placement of the interbody device, which is packed with autologous bone graft, or bone graft substitute.
	www.neurospinewi.com /newsletters/LumbarDDD.html (1223 words)

	Planet Mobility "Lumbar Disc Disease"
		The intervertebral discs are cartilaginous plates surrounded by a fibrous ring which lie between the vertebral bodies and serve to cushion them.
		The mainstay of therapy for herniated lumbar disc is conservative treatment, that is, nonsurgical.
		Surgery for removal of a herniated lumbar disc is one of the most commonly performed procedures in this country.
	www.planetmobility.com /news/spinaldisease/lumbardiscdisease.html (703 words)

	Artificial Lumbar Disc (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The discs are in between the bones and act like a “shock absorber” between the vertebrae.
		Spinal fusion is typically performed from a posterior approach in the lumbar spine, using screws, rods, cages and bone graft from the hips.
		The latter study involves injecting the suspect lumbar discs with saline to see if the exact same pain is reproduced that is concerning the patient.
	www.spinalneurosurgery.com /artificial_lumbar_disc.htm (1738 words)

	The Bonati Institute Glossary: Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD)
		Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a gradual process that commonly compromises the lumbar spine.
		The intervertebral discs in the lumbar spine are structures prone to the degenerative changes associated with wear and tear, aging, and misuse (e.g.
		Degenerative disc disease is much less common in the cervical spine than in the lumbar spine because there is substantially less torque and force across the cervical spine.
	www.bonati.com /glossary/degenerative_disc_disease.html (673 words)

	Lumbar disc disease - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Lumbar disc disease is the drying out of the spongy interior matrix of an intervertebral disc in the spine.
		Most commonly, the nerve root between the fourth and fifth lumbar vertebrae or between the fifth lumbar vertebra and first sacral segment are impinged.
		Initial treatment in lumbar disc disease is one or two days of bedrest (although growing number of studies shows that it makes little difference) and pain relieving medications.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lumbar_disc_disease (443 words)

	eMedicine - Lumbar Disc Disease : Article by Kamran Sahrakar, MD
		The indications for surgical treatment of symptomatic lumbar disc disease are not clearly delineated.
		The annulus is incised and the disc removed with pituitary rongeurs.
		Hardy RW: Extradural Cauda Equina and Nerve Root Compression from Benign Lesions of the Lumbar Spine.
	www.emedicine.com /med/topic2902.htm (2529 words)

	Degenerative disc disease - back pain causes - mechanical disorders
		Degenerative disc disease is as certain as death and taxes, and to a certain degree this process happens to everyone.
		When degenerative disc disease becomes painful or symptomatic, it can cause several different symptoms, including back pain, leg pain, and weakness that are due to compression of the nerve roots.
		If degenerative disc disease is present, the x-rays will often show a narrowing of the spaces between the vertebral bodies, which indicates that the disc has become very thin or has collapsed.
	www.back.com /causes-mechanical-degenerative.html (948 words)

	Spinal motion in lumbar degenerative disc disease Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery - Find Articles (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		We have measured the dynamic movement of the lumbar spine in 57 patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease.
		Measurements of the height of the disc space and the vertebral height were obtained and expressed as a ratio.
		The study of lumbar osteoarthritis and flexibility by Weiner et al suggested that degenerative changes in the lumbar spine did influence spinal movement, but they did not assess the degree or severity of these changes and their subjects did not complain of symptoms.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3767/is_199811/ai_n8821649 (709 words)

	Degenerative Disc Disease Health Hub
		Disc degeneration can also be seen as early as the late teens as a result of trauma, surgery, or just bad genetics.
		Most people with degenerative disc disease can manage their ongoing pain, as well as more painful flare episodes, with conservative (non-surgical) care.
		Personal advice: "I have been diagnosed with degenerative disc disease and have had some success with physiotherapy exercises, which I have been doing 4 or more times a week for several months." Read patient advice on degenerative disc disease.
	www.spine-health.com /degenerativediscdisease (506 words)

	Planet Mobility "Cervical Disc Disease"
		As in the lumbar and thoracic spine, herniation of the contents of an intervertebral disc may occur when a tear occurs in the annulus fibrosus.
		These are very suggestive of cervical disc herniation when present, but are frequently absent in the presence of the disease (that is, they are specific but not sensitive).
		The disc material is removed, and the level is usually fused with bone from the patient's hip or banked bone (allograft).
	www.planetmobility.com /news/spinaldisease/cerviclediscdisease.html (762 words)

	Lumbar Disc Herniation with Dr. George Frey
		Discs, which act as shock absorbers for the spine, are located in between each of the vertebrae in the spine.
		A herniation occurs when the outer band of the disc breaks or cracks and the gel-like substance from the inside of the disc leaks out, placing pressure on the spinal canal or nerve roots.
		If necessary, the space left by the removed disc may be filled with a bone graft – a small piece of bone usually taken from the patient's hip.
	www.coloradospineinstitute.com /conditions/lumbardisc_3.html (900 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease - NeuroHaven
		Lumbar disc disease and other lumbar conditions are treated by our doctors.
		With the advent of the microscope for lumbar surgery, we can perform lumbar disc removal through incisions of 1 inch or less in most cases and 90% of our patients will feel ready to go home the next morning.
		Lumbar disc patients are unique in that many of them rely completely on the health of their lower back for their work and hence their families well-being.
	www.neurohaven.com /disc1.htm (339 words)

	Isolated L2-L3 Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
		Discography was performed which demonstrated concordant pain at L2–3 with no pain responses at the lumbar disc levels.4,7 The discography pattern of the L2–3 disc revealed degeneration with a radial fissure of the annulus (Fig 3).
		As the adjacent disc levels were unremarkable with discography and MRI, I speculate that there existed a discal fragility which became decompensated when the trauma occurred.
		Kirkaldy–Willis WH, Presidential symposium on instability of the lumbar spine.
	www.spineuniverse.com /rtbarticle.php/article89.html (1757 words)

	Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD) is a gradual deterioration of the discs between the vertebrae.
		The discs, comprised of soft and compressible cartilage, begin to thin and deteriorate as a natural part of the aging process.
		One reason for degenerative disc disease is the loss of fluid in the disc, which causes the disc to become smaller.
	www.spinaldisorders.com /lumbar-degenerative-disc-disease.htm (340 words)

	Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
		Degenerative disc disease (DDD) of the lumbar spine is a relatively common condition infor aging adults.
		Our intervertebral discs serve as shock absorbers for the spine, and as we age they gradually dry out, losing strength and resiliency.
		Disc degeneration in itself is not usually a problem; it is a normal aging process.
	www.coloradospineinstitute.com /conditions/degenerative-disc_5.html (718 words)

	ICP monitors
		• Osteology of the lumbar vertebrae, and sacrum.
		Increased pressure on the disc leads to a disc fragment being pushed through a rent in the annulus.
		Montaldi S et al., CT of the postoperative intervertebral disc and lumbar spinal canal: Investigation of 25 patients after successful operation for lumbar disc herniation.
	www.ucsf.edu /nreview/07.1-Spine/LumbarDiscDisease.html (1336 words)

	Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease
		All lumbar fusion surgery involves adding bone graft to an area of the spine to set up a biological response that causes the bone graft to grow (fuse) and thereby stop the motion at that segment.
		Lumbar spine fusion surgery for degenerative disc disease
		In general, a lumbar spinal fusion is most effective for treating only one vertebral segment.
	www.neurospinewi.com /spine/lumbar_disc2.htm (498 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease - HUM-MOLGEN news
		A genetic variation associated with susceptibility to lumbar disc disease, one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders has been identified in a study published in the June 2005 issue of Nature Genetics.
		Lumbar disc disease, caused by degeneration of intervertebral discs of the lumbar spine, is a primary cause of lower back pain.
		While previous studies have provided evidence for an important genetic component to development of lumbar disc disease, the mechanism leading to disease remains largely unknown.
	hum-molgen.org /NewsGen/05-2005/000004.html (163 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Located between each vertebrae (bone) in the low back is a piece of gelatinous material called the lumbar disc.
		When a disc ruptures through its surrounding fibrous band, it is called a disc herniation.
		Eventually, the disc space becomes narrow and the vertebrae begin to touch one another.
	www.muhealth.org /~neuromed/lumbardisc.shtml (315 words)

	Lumbar Disc Disease and Artificial Disc Replacement
		In the setting of an individual who has continued to have significant mechanical low back pain despite all reasonable non-operative means and whose quality of life has been significantly lessened because of the continual pain, the artificial disc does provide a surgical option that I feel is beneficial over that of fusion procedures.
		It is also important to note that to date, the long-term advantages of the artificial disc over more traditional fusion procedures has not been proven.
		Much still must be studied to fully appreciate the benefits and risks of total disc replacement and patients considering this treatment should seek opinions from spine surgeons fully appraised of the issues and ones that preferably are involved in the evaluation studies of total disc replacement.
	www.spineuniverse.com /displayarticle.php/article2642.html (665 words)

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