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Topic: Lumbosacral plexus

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	IX. Neurology. 6d. The Lumbosacral Plexus. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body.
		The anterior divisions of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves form the lumbosacral plexus, the first lumbar nerve being frequently joined by a branch from the twelfth thoracic.
		—The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve.
		net-work (subsartorial plexus) with branches of the saphenous and obturator nerves.
	www.bartleby.com /107/212.html (2858 words)

	Dorlands Medical Dictionary
		(plek-sek´tə-me) [plexus + -ectomy] surgical excision of a plexus.
		Plexus lumbalis (lumbar plexus), in yellow, in anterior (A) and lateral (B) views, with the divisions forming the lumbosacral trunk shown in white, as is the sacral plexus.
		lympha´ticus axilla´ris [TA] axillary lymphatic plexus: a plexus of lymph vessels and nodes in the fossa axillaris.
	www.mercksource.com /pp/us/cns/cns_hl_dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd_p_24zPzhtm (3794 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Pelvic visceral tone and contractility are frequently affected by lesions of the lumbosacral plexus.
		Lumbosacral stenosis is an acquired decrease in the lumen of the spinal canal or intervertebral foramen.
		Spondylolisthesis of the lumbosacral region is characterized by ventral displacement of the sacrum in relation to the seventh lumbar vertebra.
	cal.vet.upenn.edu /saortho/chapter_67/67mast.htm (4446 words)

	2. Tutorial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Define and describe the lumbosacral plexus, summarising the functions and courses of the peripheral nerves which are derived from it.
		The lumbar plexus is formed by the interconnected ventral branches of the third, fourth and fifth lumbar nerves.
		The sacral plexus is formed by the interconnected ventral branches of the sixth and seventh lumbar nerves and the three sacral nerves.
	d-mis-web.ana.bris.ac.uk /calnet/vetPEL5/page2.htm (1978 words)

	Plexopathies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		When the upper plexus is damaged by tumor, pain usually begins in the shoulder and is associated with shooting or electrical sensations in the thumb and index finger.
		CT and MRI of the brachial plexus and epidural spaces are the diagnostic procedures of choice, and are essential to define the extent of disease and to determine the appropriate radiation ports.
		The lumbosacral plexus, embedded in the psoas muscle, may be invaded by tumors of the abdomen and pelvis.
	www.hivpositive.com /f-PainHIV/Pain/LS2.3.4.html (528 words)

	eMedicine - Neoplastic Lumbosacral Plexopathy : Article Excerpt by: Rajesh R Yadav, MD
		Anatomically, lumbosacral plexus consists of lumbar (L1-L4) and sacral (L5-S5) portions, which are connected by the lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5).
		Plexus involvement occurs as a result of tumor extension or invasion and heralds a progressive disease course.
		In one study, the lumbosacral plexus was involved in 50 of 2261 cases of cervical cancer; however, it was involved in 38 of the 74 patients (51%) in the subgroup with proven retroperitoneal metastatic disease.
	www.emedicine.com /pmr/byname/neoplastic-lumbosacral-plexopathy.htm (610 words)

	AAPM&R - August 1998 EMG Case
		Lumbosacral radiculopathy, lumbosacral plexopathy and cervical myelopathy seem unlikely at this point, but the physical examination should be geared toward excluding these possibilities.
		Since lumbosacral plexopathy was never strongly considered, the absence of physicals findings to support that diagnosis leads to its exclusion.
		Lumbosacral radiculopathy (perhaps limited to the S1 segmental levels bilaterally) remains no more than a slight possibility for the same reason.
	www.aapmr.org /education/archive/9699/emg9808a.htm (1212 words)

	LUMBAR PLEXUS BLOCK. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The Lumbar Plexus The lumbar plexus is formed by the loops of communication between the anterior divisions of the first three and the greater part of the fourth lumbar nerves; the first lumbar often receives a branch from the last thoracic nerve.
		The anatomy of Lumbar Plexus is nicely visualised during the Lumbar Sympathectomy and the Vertical Lumbotomy Approach for the removal of the ureteric stone..
		The Lumbar Plexus lies loosely in the Psoas Sheath and descends in a scattered manner with the femoral nerve that descends in the middle of the plexus and forms the crux of a successful block.
	www.nerveblock.info /LBP_Index.asp (1994 words)

	Chapter 30: Blood vessels, lymphatic drainage and nerves of the abdomen
		The celiac plexus and ganglia are anterior to it in the upper abdomen, and the intermesenteric part of the aortic plexus covers its anterior aspect at a lower level.
		A dense prevertebral plexus is formed in the abdomen by the splanchnic nerves, branches from both vagi, and masses of ganglion cells.
		The term "lumbosacral plexus" is used for the lumbar plexus proper (which is formed by L2 to 4) and the sacral plexus (which is formed by L4 to S4).
	www.dartmouth.edu /~humananatomy/part_5/chapter_30.html (2910 words)

	Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Nerves of the Pelvis & Perineum
		intermesenteric plexus is continuous with the superior mesenteric plexus; it continues inferiorly as the inferior mesenteric plexus and superior hypogastric plexus; intermesenteric plexus does not carry vagal parasympathetic fibers; located anterior to the abdominal aorta between the superior and inferior mesenteric aa.
		ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-S4 branches of the lumbosacral plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs.
		the uterovaginal plexus is a subsidiary plexus of the inferior hypogastric plexus
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/m1/anatomy/html/anatomytables/nerves_pelvis_perineum.html (3149 words)

	Journal of the American Chiropractic Association: Lumbosacral Plexopathies: Diagnosis and rehabilitation (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The lumbosacral plexus is situated within the relative protection of the axial skeleton, making blunt trauma a relatively uncommon cause of injury.
		Traumatic plexopathy of the lumbosacral plexus typically must be sufficient to produce an unstable, vertical fracture of the pelvic region since the plexus is other-vise well protected from direct impact.
		Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy is similar to that affecting the brachial plexus.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_qa3841/is_199903/ai_n8843305 (1238 words)

	Intermittent claudication due to ischaemia of the lumbosacral plexus -- Wohlgemuth et al. 67 (6): 793 -- Journal of ...
		The distinct clinical syndrome of exercise induced ischaemia of the lumbosacral plexus is not a widely known cause for intermittent
		an exercise induced ischaemia of the lumbar plexus was assumed
		Secondly, in addition to pain, progressive sensomotoric deficits in the area of the lumbosacral plexus occur during exertion.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/67/6/793 (1261 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses: Lumbosacral ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The lumbosacral plexus is formed by the union of the anterior primary divisions of the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves.
		Its components are distributed to the lower extremity in a manner homologous and similar to the distribution of the parts of the brachial plexus to the upper limb.
		The lumbar nerves are distributed similarly to the nerves from the anterior (medial and lateral) cords of the brachial plexus, and the sacral nerves are distributed similarily to the nerves from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Text/LumbosacralPlexus.html (403 words)

	Dermatomes And Myotomes - An Overview (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The nerves from each plexus innervate specific muscles and areas of skin in the body and are numbered according to the location in the spine from which they exit.
		The latter two plexuses, which innervate the lower limbs, are often considered together as the lumbosacral plexus.
		When a nerve root in the brachial or lumbosacral plexus is damaged, certain patterns of motor and sensory deficits occur in the corresponding limbs.
	www.sagewoodwellness.com /Doc0004.htm (1831 words)

	Plexus Disorders: Peripheral Nerve Disorders: Merck Manual Home Edition
		The major plexuses are the brachial plexus, which is located in the neck and distributes nerves throughout the arms, and the lumbosacral plexus, which is located in the lower back and distributes nerves to the pelvis and legs.
		Acute brachial neuritis (a sudden malfunction of the brachial plexus) is probably caused by an autoimmune reaction.
		Malfunction of the lumbosacral plexus causes pain in the lower back and leg as well as weakness in part or all of a leg.
	www.merck.com /mmhe/print/sec06/ch095/ch095d.html (714 words)

	Lumbosacral Plexus
		Now in the lumbosacral plexus, we first started to see this group of ventral rami when we were dissecting the posterior abdominal wall, when we were looking at the psoas muscle, quadratus lumborum, and the iliacus muscle.
		And as in the medial branchial cutaneous nerve of the brachial plexus, this is a solely cutaneous nerve, there are no muscles innervating it.
		In the back of the thigh, there is a separate nerve from the lumbosacral plexus…I don’t think it’s on the other side of the handout…it’s not because we didn’t include the complete cutaneous branches on the other side of the handout.
	endeavor.med.nyu.edu /~trans/anatomy/LumbosacralPlexus.html (4811 words)

	Leg Monoparesis, Hemiparesis, Paraparesis, and Bilateral Arm Weakness
		The peripheral component of the lumbosacral somatic motor system consists of motor neurons in the lumbosacral enlargement of the spinal cord (lumbosacral motor center), their axons, and the muscles they innervate.
		The majority of cortical neurons of the lumbosacral somatic motor system are in the upper third of the postcentral gyrus.
		The rest of the cortical neurons of the lumbosacral motor system are scattered in the frontal and parietal areas.
	pediatricneuro.com /alfonso/pg227.htm (209 words)

	[No title]
		The latter two are often referred to as a single plexus, the lumbosacral plexus.
		Cervical Plexus The cervical plexus is positioned deep on either side of the neck.
		Brachial Plexus The brachial plexus is formed by the ventral rami of C5-T1.
	www.miramar.sdccd.cc.ca.us /faculty/mmcmahon/docs/anatomy/SpinalNerves.doc (934 words)

	[No title]
		Know the name, course, position and general distribution of the lumbar and sacral (lumbosacral plexus) nerves within the pelvis.
		(POAG) Sacral Plexus: The sacral plexus is formed from the lumbosacral truck and the ventral rami of S1-S4.
		Know the position of the openings through which the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus, and their accompanying vessels, leave or enter the pelvis.
	www.med.unc.edu /~kimplera/classes/anatomy/p4.doc (949 words)

	Illustrated Guide to Peripheral Nerve Block- Anaesthesia-AZ
		Anatomy of the brachial plexus, sensory supply of the upper extremities and upper extremity motor response to nerve stimulation.
		Blocks in the elbow region, radial nerve, musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve and ulnar nerve.
		Anatomy of the lumbosacral plexus, sensory supply of the lower extremities and sensory supply of the bony structure.
	www.anaesthesia-az.com /article/509589.aspx (310 words)

	Cauda Equina - WSAVA 2002
		Anatomical definition: the lumbosacral plexus is derived from spinal cord segments L4-S2.
		Lumbosacral pain (by extension of pelvic limbs), recurring lameness and difficulty to stand up and going up the steps are suspicious for orthopedic problems (hip dysplasia, knee instability..).
		Study with the lumbosacral junction in the neutral, flexed and extended position is recommended.
	www.vin.com /proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2002&PID=2632 (893 words)

	UpToDate Overview of lower extremity peripheral nerve syndromes
		Low back pain is an extremely common complaint (significantly affecting between 40 to 80 percent of people at some time), although clinically apparent lumbosacral radiculopathy is less common, perhaps affecting 4 to 6 percent of the population at some point in their lives [1].
		Unlike the brachial plexus, in which the anatomy is delineated through trunks, divisions, and cords, the lumbosacral plexus has only two main components: the lumbar plexus (made up of nerve fibers from the L2 through L5 roots) and the sacral plexus (made up of nerve fibers from the S1 through S4 roots).
		The largest nerve that emerges from the lumbar plexus is the femoral nerve, which descends beneath the inguinal ligament before dividing into a number of smaller branches innervating the anterior thigh musculature and skin (show figure 1).
	patients.uptodate.com /topic.asp?file=neuropat/5898 (589 words)

	Sacral fractures
		The sympathetic ganglia of the inferior hypogastric plexus extend from the anterolateral L5 and S1 vertebral bodies caudally to the anterior surface of the sacrum along the medial margin of the anterior foramina of S2, S3, and S4.
		Neurological injury: Neurological injury may involve the cauda equina, the lumbosacral plexus, the sacral plexus, and the sympathetic and parasympathetic chains.
		Avulsions of the lumbopelvic plexus are associated with severely displaced zone-II injuries (vertical shear injuries).
	www.rcsed.ac.uk /fellows/lvanrensburg/classification/pelvis/sacrum.htm (2653 words)

	Virtual Hospital: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus III: Nervous System: Plexuses: Title (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The fourth lumbar (or furcal) nerve usually contributes to both the lumbar plexus and (through the lumbosacral trunk) the sacral plexus.
		Contribution to the lumbosacral trunk may come from the third or the fifth lumbar nerve.
		Sometimes the branch from the fourth lumbar nerve to the lumbosacral plexus is absent.
	www.vh.org /adult/provider/anatomy/AnatomicVariants/NervousSystem/Text/LumbosacralTrunk.html (207 words)

	Leg Monoparesis, Hemiparesis, Paraparesis, and Bilateral Arm Weakness (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Lesions of the cauda equina and lumbosacral plexus usually produce, in addition to foot drop, weakness of hip flexion and leg adduction.
		A complete sciatic nerve lesion produces foot drop but unlike a lumbosacral plexus lesion it spares hip movements (iliopsoas nerve), knee extension (femoral nerve), and adduction (obturator) of the leg.
		Schematic representation of the lumbosacral plexus and most important intermedial nerves.
	pediatricneuro.com /alfonso/pg236.htm (426 words)

	Neurologic Complications of Regional Anesthesia in Obstetrics (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The lumbosacral trunk may be injured within the pelvis by the fetal head (especially with forceps or occiput postero-lateral position).
		The fetal head may also compress and injure the lumbosacral plexus as it crosses the ala of the sacrum or the posterior brim of the pelvis.
		Proximal lesions at the level of the lumbosacral plexus also may decrease hip flexion due to iliopsoas weakness.
	www.soap.org /media/newsletters/winter_spring2001/current_review.htm (2146 words)

	Non-diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy: Natural history, outcome and comparison with the diabetic variety ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		attributed to pathological involvement of the lumbosacral plexus.
		of the lumbosacral spine with MRI or CT myelography.
		Microvasculitis and ischemia in diabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy.
	brain.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/124/6/1197 (4463 words)

	Combined paravertebral lumbar plexus and parasacral sciatic nerve block for reduction of hip fracture in a patient with ...
		Combined paravertebral lumbar plexus and parasacral sciatic nerve block for reduction of hip fracture in a patient with severe aortic stenosis
		Posterior approach to the lumbar plexus combined with a sciatic nerve block using lidocaine.
		Combined lumbar and sacral plexus block compared with plain bupivacaine spinal anesthesia for hip fractures in the elderly.
	www.cja-jca.org /cgi/content/full/49/9/946 (1971 words)

	UAMS Department of Anatomy - Nerves
		lumbar plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L2-L3)
		lumbosacral trunk (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5), ventral primary rami of spinal nerves S1-S4 superior and inferior gluteal nn., n.
		vesical plexus is continuous with the other autonomic nerve plexuses in the pelvis and cannot be distinguished from them
	www.ucd.ie /vetanat/perineum/nerves.htm (3169 words)

	[No title]
		NERVES OF THE PELVIS Somatic nerves Lumbar plexus - branches in pelvis HYPERLINK "http://anatomy.uams.edu/htmlpages/anatomyhtml/" \l "obturatorn" Obturator n.
		passes through the greater sciatic foramen superior to the piriformis m.lumbar plexusventral primary rami of spinal nerves L1-L4branches of the lumbar plexus: iliohypogastric n., ilioinguinal n., genitofemoral n., lateral femoral cutaneous n., femoral n., obturator n., lumbosacral trunk (considered to be part of sacral plexus), brs.
		tosacral plexus (ventral primary rami of spinal nerves L4-L5, S1)n.
	www.uams.edu /m2004/gross_tables/10-23.doc (850 words)

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