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Topic: Lumbrical muscles

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	Lumbrical muscle
		The lumbrical muscles are intrinsic muscles in the fingers that allow flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joints, while maintaining extension at the interphalangeal joints.
		This muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to bone, instead attaching proximally to the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and distally to extensor expansions on the dorsal surface (back of) the hand.
		The lubrical muscles of the index and middle finger are innervated by the median nerve.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/lu/Lumbrical_muscle.html (132 words)

	[No title]
		Retract the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle distally, and identify the four small lumbrical muscles.
		The lumbrical muscles act to flex the metacarpophalangeal (m/p) joint and extend the proximal and distal interphalangeal (i/p) joints of the finger.
		The first and second lumbrical muscles are innervated by the median nerve, whereas the third and fourth lumbrical muscles are innervated by the ulnar nerve.
	www.med.uc.edu /haonline/uppext/labs/lab8/lab8_12.html (104 words)

	Indmedica - Journal of the Anatomical Society of India
		Individual lumbrical muscles were observed for their origin, attachment on the anterior and posterior surfaces of FDP, proximal extent of the origin and its relation to the carpal tunnel; grooving of the muscle belly and attachment to flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS).
		It was observed that the proximal attachment of the second lumbrical, in a larger percentage of cases, was extending into the CT compared to the rest of the lumbrical muscles.
		Lumbricals and interosseii with the long flexors bring about a coordinated activity so that there is normal arc of flexion at the digits and its all the three joints are angulated to the same degree (Williams et al.).
	www.indmedica.com /journals.php?journalid=8&issueid=61&articleid=748&action=article (2096 words)

	Anatomy Atlases: Illustrated Encyclopedia of Human Anatomic Variation: Opus I: Muscular System: Alphabetical Listing of ...
		The origin of one or another of the lumbricals may be displaced proximally, arising from the flexor retinaculum, from a special tendon from the deep or superficial flexor, or, in the case of the first lumbrical, from the tendon of the flexor pollicis longus.
		The fourth lumbrical is inserted on the ulnar surface of extensor digitorum for the fourth finger in 4%.
		The fourth lumbrical is inserted on the radial surface of extensor digitorum for the fifth finger in 96% of subjects.
	www.anatomyatlases.org /AnatomicVariants/MuscularSystem/Text/L/19Lumbricales.shtml (1558 words)

	UNIVERSITY OF VERMONT
		Thus, the lumbrical muscles, assisted by the interossei muscles, function as the primary extensors of the PIP and DIP joints.
		The deltoid muscle is the primary abductor of the glenohumeral joint (assisted by the supraspinatus) and the teres minor muscle externally rotates the humerus and pulls it down during elevation, a necessary motion for full over head range.
		Dysfunction of the rotator cuff muscles may also result in impingement of the greater tubercle against the coracoacromial ligament after 60 degrees of elevation since these muslces are also responsible for external rotation of the humerus during elevation.
	www.uvm.edu /~gwu/120hw1key.html (834 words)

	Lumbricals of the hand - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These muscles are unusual in that they do not attach to bone, instead attaching proximally to the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and distally to extensor expansions on the dorsal surface (back of) the hand.
		The muscle passes posteriorly along the lateral side of the ring finger to insert on its extensor expansion.
		The lumbrical muscles, with the help of the interosseous muscles, simultaneously flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending both interphalangeal joints of the digit on which it inserts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Lumbrical_muscle (442 words)

	[No title]
		The flexor carpi unlaris and radialis insert on the proximal phalanges of 2,3 and 5 and function in flexion of the wrist.
		3) The thenar muscles are the intrinsic muscles of the thumb.
		The four lumbrical muscles function in flexion of the 2nd-4th phalanges.
	www.med.unc.edu /~kimplera/classes/anatomy/ul5.doc (701 words)

	Muscles -- Recommendations and Resources
		Muscle contraction is used to move parts of the body, as well as to move substances within the body.
		The differences in characteristics of the smooth muscles and the striated muscles include: the fibers of the smooth muscles are not arranged regularly as the ones of striated muscles, smooth muscles are use to sustain longer contraction or even near permanent whereas the striated muscles are often used for short, burst activities.
		However, a large part of the appeal behind muscle cars was that they were mostly inexpensive models young drivers could afford.
	www.becomingapediatrician.com /health/101/muscles.html (942 words)

	Apparatus for effecting stretching of intrinsic muscles and an associated method - Patent 5976058
		The intrinsic hand muscle stretching apparatus of claim 1 including said finger engaging means structured to maintain the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the hand in flexion.
		To stretch the intrinsic muscles, the proximal interphalangeal and the distal interphalangeal joints are maintained in a maximally flexed position and the metacarpal phalangeal joints are positioned in a maximally extended position.
		The strap 3, which is preferably elastic, such that when tension is applied to the strap 3, a force is applied to the fingers that maintains the proximal interphalangeal and distal interphalangeal joints in a flexed position while an extension force is simultaneously applied by strap 3 to the metacarpal phalangeal joints of the fingers.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5976058.html (2643 words)

	Muscle Spindles in the Deep Muscles of the Human Neck: A Morphological and Immunocytochemical Study -- Liu et al. 51 ...
		Kucera J (1982) One-bag-fiber muscle spindles in tenuissimus muscles of the cat.
		Porter JD (1986) Brainstem terminations of extraocular muscle primary afferent neurons in the monkey.
		Richmond FJ, Abrahams VC (1975) Morphology and distribution of muscle spindles in dorsal muscles of the cat neck.
	www.jhc.org /cgi/content/full/51/2/175 (4042 words)

	Wikinfo \| Hand (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The Intrinsic muscle groups are the thenar and hypothenar muscles (thenar = thumb, hypothenar = little finger), the interosseus muscles (between the metacarpal bones, four dorsally and three volarly) and the lumbrical muscles.
		These muscles arise from the deep flexor (and are special because they have no bony origin) and insert on the dorsal extensor hood mechanism.
		The tendons unite with the interosseous and lumbrical muscles to form the extensorhood mechanism.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=hand (1042 words)

	Effect of unilateral damage to sciatic nerve on phenotype of lumbrical muscles in experimental and contralateral legs ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Expression of slow myosin in fast lumbrical muscle during unilateral damage to the sciatic nerve was studied in rats.
		Four weeks after unilateral excision of sciatic nerve segment or its crushing, the content of slow fiber in the lumbrical muscle of the contralateral leg tended to increase (detected using monoclonal antibodies against slow myosin).
		Functional overloads of the plantaris and soleus muscles were produced via bilateral surgical ablation of the synergistic gastrocnemius muscle, and ACE inhibition was accomplished by the addition of the ACE inhibitor enalapril maleate to the animals' daily drinking water (0.3 mg/ml).
	lib.bioinfo.pl.cob-web.org:8888 /pmid:16224566 (2069 words)

	Lab Manual - Anterior Leg & Foot
		In the anterior compartment dissect the tibialis anterior, the extensor hallucis longus, the extensor digitorum longus, and the fibularis (peroneus) tertius muscles.
		Dissect the abductor hallucis muscle and reflect from the flexor retinaculum.
		Transect the quadratus plantae muscle and the flexor digitorum longus tendon to expose the adductor hallucis (with its transverse and oblique heads) and the flexor hallucis brevis.
	www.med.umich.edu /lrc/coursepages/M1/anatomy/html/musculoskeletal_system/leg.html (1360 words)

	Peripheral nervous system (via CobWeb/3.1 planetlab-4.cs.princeton.edu) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The upper subscapular nerve, C7 and C8, to the subscapularis muscle of the rotator cuff.
		The radial nerve, which innervates the triceps brachii muscle, the brachioradialis muscle, the extensor muscles of the fingers and wrist (extensor carpi radialis muscle), and the extensor and abductor muscles of the thumb.
		It innervates the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle, the flexor digitorum profundus muscle to the ring and pinky fingers, and the intrinsic muscles of the hand (the interosseous muscle, the lumbrical muscles and the flexor pollicus brevis muscle).
	peripheral-nervous-system.iqnaut.net.cob-web.org:8888 (971 words)

	Anatomic investigation of the role of the lumbrical muscles in carpal tunnel syndrome. (via CobWeb/3.1 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		Anatomic investigation of the role of the lumbrical muscles in carpal tunnel syndrome.
		The origins of the lumbrical muscles were examined at the time of surgery and their relation to the transverse carpal ligament was recorded in all cases.
		In the hands of patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, the lumbrical muscle origins were located significantly more proximal in the canal than were the muscles in the cadaveric hands.
	lib.bioinfo.pl.cob-web.org:8888 /pmid:8522757 (951 words)

	Extensor Mechanism of the Fingers: MR Imaging-Anatomic Correlation -- Clavero et al. 23 (3): 593 -- RadioGraphics
		The extensor muscles of the dorsal forearm consist of a surface
		Note that the interosseous muscle is dorsal to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament and the lumbrical muscle is palmar to the ligament.
		The lumbrical muscles (2) are located on the radial sides of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons.
	radiographics.rsnajnls.org /cgi/content/full/23/3/593 (5506 words)

	[No title]
		The second layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot consists of the flexor digitorum accessorius (quadratus plantae) muscle, four lumbrical muscles, the tendon of flexor digitorum longus muscle and
		the tendon of the flexor hallucis longus muscle
		The adductor hallucis muscle belongs to the third layer of the muscles of the sole of the foot.
	www.kumc.edu /research/medicine/pharmacology/CAI/webCAI/anatomy/lw10.wbc (622 words)

	Anatomic Predisposition to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
		The lumbrical muscles usually originate from the radial sides of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus at the level of the metacarpals, which is distal to the carpal tunnel.
		The surrounding palmar fascial aponeurosis (with possible aberrant muscle attachments and its connections with the flexor retinaculum that overly the carpal tunnel, and the antibrachial fascia over the flexor digitorum superficialis) represent areas where fascial release, friction massage and, most recently, Graston technique has0 shown to be beneficial in the treatment of CTS.
		Effect of numerical muscle incursion within the carpal tunnel on carpal tunnel pressure: A cadaveric study.
	www.chiroweb.com /archives/20/03/09.html (636 words)

	The Fine Structure of Muscle Spindles in the Lumbrical Muscles of the Rat -- Merrillees 7 (4): 725 -- The Journal of ...
		The Fine Structure of Muscle Spindles in the Lumbrical Muscles of the Rat -- Merrillees 7 (4): 725 -- The Journal of Cell Biology
		The Fine Structure of Muscle Spindles in the Lumbrical Muscles of the Rat
		the muscle plasma membrane and the underlying wisps of myofilament
	www.jcb.org /cgi/content/abstract/7/4/725 (223 words)

	hands
		The intrisic muscles of the hand are divided into three groups: (1) the thumb or thenar muscles, (2) the little finger or the hypothenar muscles, and (3) the lumbrical muscles.
		With the lumbrical muscles are the long flexor tendons, which are the extrinsic muscles of the hand.
		The muscles which accomplish this feat are stronger than you might imagine, for the biomechanics of the hand require that the force generated by the muscles which bend the fingertips must be at least
	www.arch.mcgill.ca /prof/sijpkes/arch374/winter2001/pham/stucture.htm (515 words)

	Anatomical Variations
		Muscle belly may be central, distal or digastric (proximal and distal muscle belly connected by a central tendon) in position.
		The lumbrical most frequently affected by double insertion is that of the ring finger (15% - 43% of cases).
		Lumbricals alter the balance between flexors and extensors and are important proprioceptors.
	www.musicandhealth.co.uk /differences.html (1228 words)

	List of muscles of the human body
		This is a list of muscles of the human anatomy.
		2 The muscles of the anterolateral region of the neck
		The muscles of the shoulder and musculotendinous cuff
	www.knowledgefun.com /book/l/li/list_of_muscles_of_the_human_body.html (99 words)

	Thenar eminence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The three muscles in this location are usually innervated by the median nerve, and they all control movement of the thumb.
		The innervation of these muscles by the median nerve is unusual, as most of the intrinsic muscles on the palm of the hand are supplied by the ulnar nerve.
		Another muscle that controls movement of the thumb is adductor pollicis.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Thenar_eminence (355 words)

	Lumbricals - Wheeless' Textbook of Orthopaedics
		- lumbrical tendons pass volar to the deep transverse metacarpal ligament and insert into the radial lateral band of each finger;
		- lumbricals, further, in conjugation with the interossei, form that part of the extensor expansion that is chiefly responsible for extension of
		Lumbrical function: interaction of lumbrical contraction with the elasticity the extrinsic finger muscles and its effect on metaphalangeal joint equilibrium.
	www.wheelessonline.com /ortho/lumbricals (338 words)

	Relative preservation of lumbrical versus thenar motor fibres in neurogenic disorders -- Yates et al. 44 (9): 768 -- ...
		Relative preservation of lumbrical versus thenar motor fibres in neurogenic disorders -- Yates et al.
		Relative preservation of lumbrical versus thenar motor fibres in neurogenic disorders
		surviving lumbrical muscles innervated by the median nerve.
	jnnp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/abstract/44/9/768 (238 words)

	Neural determination of muscle fibre numbers in embryonic rat lumbrical muscles -- Ross et al. 100 (3): 395 -- ...
		Neural determination of muscle fibre numbers in embryonic rat lumbrical muscles -- Ross et al.
		lumbrical muscle of the rat was studied following total or partial
		numbers of nerve terminals in the intrinsic muscles of the hindfoot.
	dev.biologists.org /cgi/content/abstract/100/3/395 (517 words)

	Lumbrical sparing in carpal tunnel syndrome: anatomic, physiologic, and diagnostic implications -- Logigian et al. 37 ...
		Lumbrical sparing in carpal tunnel syndrome: anatomic, physiologic, and diagnostic implications -- Logigian et al.
		Lumbrical sparing in carpal tunnel syndrome: anatomic, physiologic, and diagnostic implications
		lumbrical motor fibers are less affected than digit 2 sensory fibers.
	www.neurology.org /cgi/content/abstract/37/9/1499 (169 words)

	The off rate of Ca2+ from troponin C is regulated by force-generating cross bridges in skeletal muscle -- Wang and ...
		the muscle was mounted in the apparatus, its length was adjusted
		The muscle is alternately subjected to a 10% sinusoidal length vibration (20 Hz) and isometric contraction every 20 s.
		The muscle is alternately subjected to 10% sinusoidal length vibration (20 Hz) and isometric contraction.
	jap.physiology.org /cgi/content/full/92/6/2409 (6302 words)

	High incidence of long-chain fibers in spindles of cat superficial lumbrical muscles -- Decorte et al. 57 (4): 1050 -- ...
		High incidence of long-chain fibers in spindles of cat superficial lumbrical muscles -- Decorte et al.
		High incidence of long-chain fibers in spindles of cat superficial lumbrical muscles
		large proportion of muscle spindles of lumbrical muscles, it would be of
	intl-jn.physiology.org /cgi/content/abstract/57/4/1050 (279 words)

	lumbrical muscles (hand, anatomy) - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-18)
		The four lumbrical muscles arise from the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus.
		first and second lumbricals from the radial side of the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus to the index and middle fingers respectively
		third lumbrical from both sides of the tendons to the middle and ring fingers
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /simplepage.cfm?ID=181403656 (913 words)

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