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Topic: Luminism (American art style)

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	American art. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		There are separate articles on American architecture, North American Native art, pre-Columbian art and architecture, Mexican art and architecture, Spanish colonial art and architecture, and Canadian art and architecture.
		The pop art movement of the 1950s and 60s utilized an aesthetic based on the mass-produced artifacts of urban culture, rejecting the concepts of beauty and ugliness.
		However, in general, American art in the 1980s and 90s saw an increased occurrence of words as statement and image as well as a widened use of photography, collage, and a variety of other media.
	www.bartleby.com /65/am/Amer-art.html (2358 words)

	Gallery57
		Art Nouveau, primarily an ornamental style, was not only a protest against the sterile Realism, but against the whole drift toward industrialization and mechanization and the unnatural artifacts they produced.
		The use of the literal adjective "contemporary" to define this period in art history is due to the lack of any recognized or dominant form or genre of art as recognized by artists or art historians and critics.
		Luminism - the American art style in the 1850's to 1870's which used light or lighting effects as a major characteristic; also, the school of painting that focuses on the expression of the effects of light whether as the above American art style or the French Impressionists.
	www.gallery57.com /artterms.php (2737 words)

	American Art and Architecture - MSN Encarta
		The first American sculptor to break free of the folk art tradition and be recognized as a distinctive artistic personality was William Rush, who worked in Philadelphia.
		Rush's preferred medium was wood, but most of the leading American sculptors of the next generation were strongly influenced by Neo-Classicism and worked mainly in marble, which was the material of the bulk of the sculpture that had survived from the ancient world.
		Revival of historical styles represents only one aspect of the story, however, for in the late 19th century Americans led the way in two architectural forms: the country house and the skyscraper.
	uk.encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761563773_3/American_Art_and_Architecture.html (1446 words)

	fine art glossary H - O WideskiesArt.com
		Minimal art - also known as minimalism, a movement and style of art from the 20th century which attempts to reduce art to the basic geometric shapes with the fewest colors, lines, and textures.
		Neoclassical art - art that is reflective of the Classical period of art, that is, the art of ancient Rome or Greece.
		Oceanic art - art that is produced by the native inhabitants of the South Pacific islands of Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia.
	www.wideskiesart.com /fineartglossary2.php?PHPSESSID=b6110aeb82fa1815e0e6175fda717310 (2561 words)

	WorldImages.com - Glossary of Art terms and definitions
		Applied art is secondary to the function of the object itself as opposed to fine art where the primary function is aesthetic.
		During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, an art movement and style of decorative painting, sculpture and architecture which is characterized by the use of flowers and leaves in flowing, interlacing lines.
		The art is notable for its urns, sculptures and ceramics.
	www.worldimages.com /art_glossary.php (6031 words)

	American art on Encyclopedia.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		The advocacy group Americans for the Arts recently presented its National Arts Awards for leadership...
		AMERICAN ART [American art] the art of the North American colonies and of the United States.
		Kathy Halbreich, director of the Walker Art Center in Minneapolis, and Mari Carmen Ramirez, curator of Latin American art at the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston, are the winners of the 2005 award for curatorial excellence.(Center for Curatorial Studies at Bard College)(Brief Article)
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/A/Amer-art.asp (2521 words)

	American Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Although his training and practice were European, his studio became a mecca for American painters who for half a century came to study under him, His teaching of historical painting did not stand them in good stead on their return to America, where there was little demand for such work.
		In addition, the characteristic American passion for objects realistically portrayed found remarkable expression in the paintings of William Harnett and John F, Peto / and earlier in the still-life works of the Peale family, The strain of primitivism, first evident in the limners, was more pronounced and popular in the early 19th cent.
		A significant cultural development of the era was the founding and expansion of American museums, whose collections were important to the art student and public alike, lender the impetus of new techniques of reproduction, the art of illustration flourished.
	staff.fcps.net /tharper/american_art.htm (2089 words)

	Art History
		This course is a study of transformations in the art and culture of 18th-century Europe and America from the aristocratic late Baroque and Rococo to the onset of Romanticism.
		The study of the art and culture of 18th-century America from the late Baroque and Rococo to the onset of Romanticism (inclusive of the arts of classical revivalism).
		This graduate course is a study of transformations in the art and culture of 18th-century Europe and/or America, from the aristocratic late Baroque and Rococo to the onset of Romanticism (inclusive of the arts of classical revivalism).
	www.acs.utah.edu /GenCatalog/1044/crsdesc/art_h.html (3385 words)

	Bonhams & Butterfields - Areas of Collecting - California and American Paintings & Sculpture - Introduction (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Art deco paintings display elements of abstraction, distortion and simplification and highlight geometric shapes and intense colors celebrating the rise of commerce, technology and speed.
		American Impressionism evolved in the latter 19th century, and was led by such famous painters as Mary Cassatt (1845-1926) and John Henry Twachtman (1853-1902).
		Luminism An American landscape painting style of the 1850s-1870s which specialized in evoking a poetic atmosphere, characterized by emphasizing the effects of light in landscapes and hiding the painter's individual brush strokes.
	forms.butterfields.com /areas/american-californian.html (3603 words)

	Art/Museums: Rave Reviews, American Art and Its Critics, 1826-1925 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		As in the 1810s and 1820s, contemporary American art was also available from local art supply stories and frame shops….What seems to have been the first art gallery dedicated to the sale of American art was created by the portrait painter and print-seller James Herring in 1838.
		The old art market founded on the personal encounter of the individual artist with a buyer was passing away….A more highly structured and depersonalized art market focusing on the dealer as mediating expert was being born.
		The drapery of the flag is admirably done, although the blue and white stars section is almost obscured in shadow near her head under the ominous eagle who in fact has the end of the flag in his talons and has apparently flown around her to drop her quite voluptuous body.
	www.thecityreview.com /raverev.html (2883 words)

	M B F A- Mark Borghi Fine Art Inc - The American Landscape from 1830-1980
		The earliest American landscape paintings were topographic illustrations of farms, cities, and landmarks that were generally painted for local residents or for Europeans interested in the New World.
		Landscape painting came to dominate American art in the 1830's, when artists began to equate the country's unspoiled wilderness with the new nation's seemingly limitless potential.
		American impressionists such as Childe Hassam and Ernest Lawson experimented with rendering the evocative effects of light and atmosphere in landscape.
	www.borghi.org /american/bhlist.html (732 words)

	Luminism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A current in North American painting, see Luminism (American art style)
		A neo-impressionist style in painting, see Luminism (Impressionism)
		A spiritual movement based on the quest for Illumination or Enlightenment, see Illuminati
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Luminism (101 words)

	Art Periods Encyclopedia Articles @ VeryGoodCredit.com (Very Good Credit) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Luminism (American art style) - 1850s – 1870s
		Most modern art movements were international in scope.
		Outsider art (Art brut) mid-1940s, United Kingdom/United States
	216.92.11.22 /encyclopedia/Art_periods (318 words)

	NGA - American Painting
		Portraiture formed the mainstay of subject matter in colonial and federal American art, as immigrants to the New World attempted to bring a semblance of Old World civilization to their wild or, at best, provincial surroundings.
		Avant-garde movements such as impressionism were embraced by American painters who found the style's look, if not its underlying theory, consistent with their artistic aims.
		Familiarity with traditional European art also may have inspired a renewed interest in still-life painting and aristocratic portraiture; the popularity of such paeans to wealth and acquisition reflects the prevailing spirit of materialism.
	www.nga.gov /collection/gallery/amer-2.html (738 words)

	ArtLex on Luminism (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		painting style of the 1850s-1870s, characterized by effects of light in landscapes, poetic atmosphere, often
		Fitz Hugh Lane (American, 1804-1865), Stage Rocks and Western Shore of Gloucester Outer Harbor, 1857, oil on canvas, collection of John Wilmerding.
		Sanford Robinson Gifford (American, 1823-1880), Lake Nemi, Italy, oil on canvas, 1856-57, Toledo Museum of Art, OH.
	www.artlex.com /ArtLex/kl/luminism.html (640 words)

	Indulge \| ART & ANTIQUES
		Or goes to an American play?” Art was no exception: American painters either studied in Europe or learned from prints after European paintings.
		Cole saw in the uncultivated American landscape the promise of his country, the mystery of the unknown and the presence of the divine.
		Cole portrayed recognizable American scenery as well as subjects from American literature, and his follower Asher B. Durand developed an American style through the careful study of nature, depicting the native flora with botanical exactness.
	www.panachemag.com /Archive/1_05/Indulge/Art&Antiques/Art&Antiques_1_05.asp (668 words)

	Untitled Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		1950 by the art historian John I. Baur to define a style in 19th-century American painting characterized by the realistic rendering of light and atmosphere.
		Kensett and albert Bierstadt, painted works that could be considered examples of Luminism, as did such Canadian painters as lucius r.
		Atmospheric Landscapes of North America, a series of watercolours by George Harvey (1800–78) executed in the mid- and late 1830s, was perhaps the first purely Luminist manifestation in American art.
	www.rocky.edu /~ogradys/text/Luminism.html (648 words)

	luminism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		), American art movement of the 19th cent.
		Luminism was an outgrowth of the Hudson River school.
		In its concern for capturing the effects of light and atmosphere it is sometimes linked to impressionism.
	www.bartleby.com /65/lu/luminism.html (145 words)

	:: ARTDISH :: northwest forum on visual art
		My own theory about this is that the American insistence on surface detail is somehow linked to the American fundamentalist religious insistence on Biblical inerrancy, the belief that the Bible must be factually accurate in every detail.
		In her book, Nineteenth-Century American Painting, Barbara Novak calls American Luminism "one of the most truly indigenous styles in the history of American art." She emphasizes the luminist painters' "smooth, mirror-like surface that shows barely a trace of the artistic hand." It's as if there were no process, only product.
		Commerce as subject matter runs through a lot of American art, as social bedrock, as moral target, or just as what you see when you look around you.
	www.artdish.com /article.asp?ID=13 (847 words)

	Antiques : By Period, Style : American :
		This is an American watercolor, vaguely in the Hudson River manner, circa 1900, unsigned, measuring 14 1/2" by 27 1/2" inside the mat (22 1/2" by 35" as framed).
		For the collector of marine or maritime art and antiques, a color drawing, 12" by 28" with simple 3/4" wood frame, depicting what appears to be a ferry boat of the first part of the century.
		This is an extremely rare FINE ART example of one of the greatest porcelain artists and art teachers to...
	search.rubylane.com /art/,id=4.5.6,page=16.html (1717 words)

	Collections: American Art: Overview (with images)
		Major American movements in landscape painting during the 19th century, particularly the Hudson River School, Luminism and Tonalism, are documented in paintings by Asher B. Durand, Alfred Thompson Bricher, Dwight Tryon and others.
		American Impressionism, the strongest area of the collection, includes examples by such artists as Childe Hassam, John Twachtman, William Merritt Chase, Edmund Tarbell, Richard Miller, Louis Ritman and Frederick Carl Frieseke.
		The opening of the American art galleries is sponsored by Barnes and Thornburg LLP.
	www.ima-art.org /cAmerican.asp?SID=A41E33BA349944A0B6B5DBA5DF81A724 (269 words)

	American Luminism [Mid-19th Century] - Featured Artistic Style on Artfact.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Luminism is a term of recent origins, used to define a manner of painting or school of painting in mid nineteenth century America in which the polished, smooth, classic quality of light is transcendent and possesses a sense of sacred quietude.
		Luminism is an extension of the Hudson River School and most of the Hudson River School artists may be considered part of American Luminism.
		All about the markets for art and antiques, the best trade publication in the country.
	www.artfact.com /features/viewStyle.cfm?gID=2 (243 words)

	New Britain Museum of American Art - Educational Resources
		The events of the Revolution also provided American painters with new subject matter that offered viewers a rich sense of patriotism.
		However, portraiture, rendered in a realistic or romantic style, remained the principal art form.
		Gradually the extreme detail of Ruskin's adherents and the dramatic subjects of late Hudson River landscape painters turned inward, capturing the spirit rather that the topography of America's natural views.
	www.nbmaa.org /edu/periods/jacksonian.htm (368 words)

	ARH 2013: AMERICAN ART I
		The course will survey American art from the time of European contact up to the Civil War.
		American Art by Wayne Craven (Brown and Benchmark, 1994).
		Your course grade will be determined by averaging the two test grades and your paper grade.
	faculty.mville.edu /hannumg/ARH2013.htm (522 words)

	Jim Dine: Past Present Future (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Shapiro believes that Dine and Jasper Johns share many of the same sensibilities and that their work is in contrast to 19th century American Luminism, which strove to depict the qualities of light seen in expansive landscapes.
		Examples of American Luminism at the Toledo Museum include Albert Bierstadt's, El Capitan, Yosemite Valley, California (TMA 1959.18) and Sanford Robinson Gifford's, Lake Nemi (TMA 1957.46).
		The Toledo Museum of Art will feature the 1996 mixed media series, Twenty Drawings of a Roman Boy (TMA 1996.12 a-t), along with the famous bronze sculpture, Statue of a Youth (TMA 1966.126), on which they are based.
	www.tfaoi.com /aa/2aa/2aa7.htm (518 words)

	ART HISTORY RESOURCES ON THE WEB: 19th-Century Art
		Victorian Art Criticism and the Rise of a Middle-Class Audience
		Art Nouveau and Art Deco medals (Nicolas Maier)
		Impressionism: Paintings Collected by European Museums (an art exhibition co-organized by the High Museum of Art, Atlanta, the Seattle Art Museum, and the Denver Art Museum, 1999)
	witcombe.sbc.edu /ARTHLinks5.html (1195 words)

	Art History
		Focuses on analyzing works of art, using both traditional and contemporary approaches and perspectives, for the purpose of understanding the relationship between artistic expression and cultural context.
		6150 Advanced Medieval Art (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
		6250 Advanced Baroque Art (3) Prerequisite: Graduate standing required.
	www.acs.utah.edu /GenCatalog/1038/crsdesc/art_h.html (3484 words)

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